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SLC25A10 / Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for SLC25A10
Plan SLC25A10 staining in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s IHC conditions. Compare granular cytoplasmic staining with HPA tissue observations, and account for the HPA antibody’s stated cross-reactivity caution (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
SLC25A10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Granular cytoplasm (HPA tissue IHC); mitochondrial inner membrane (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Granular cytoplasmic staining in hepatocytes and other cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A10727-3) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Caudate+3 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | The HPA antibody may detect proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No specific expression regulator reported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope coverage across them is unknown (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended SLC25A10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet A10727-3) is paired with three published SLC25A10 IHC protocols (PMC7405602; PMC11371862; PMC12092617).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded mouse kidney tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A10727-3) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10727-3); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A10727-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A10727-3) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-SLC25A10, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A10727-3) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A10727-3) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A10727-3) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | SLC25A10-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression with a granular pattern. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (datasheet A10727-3); citrate retrieval at 100°C for 10 min is a published alternative (PMC7405602).
Section 2
What Is the Expected SLC25A10 Staining Pattern?
SLC25A10 is an inner mitochondrial membrane carrier with six transmembrane segments (UniProt Q9UBX3 topology). In paraffin sections, expect granular cytoplasmic staining, particularly in liver hepatocytes and kidney Bowman’s capsule cells (HPA tissue IHC: High; general cytoplasmic granular pattern). HPA rates tissue staining Supported, with medium consistency against RNA data, pending external verification, and cautions that the antibody targets proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC).
| Granular cytoplasmic staining in hepatocytes, with little nuclear emphasis. | This matches the reported tissue pattern and a high-staining cell population (HPA tissue IHC: general granular cytoplasmic pattern; liver hepatocytes High). Mitochondrial inner membrane location provides a plausible basis for the granularity (UniProt Q9UBX3 subcellular location). The pattern alone cannot prove antibody specificity because HPA flags targeting of proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC caution). |
| Predominantly nuclear or membrane-outline staining, without cytoplasmic granules. | Treat this as a compartment mismatch with the expected paraffin-section pattern (HPA tissue IHC: granular cytoplasmic expression; UniProt Q9UBX3: mitochondrial inner membrane). A separate ICC-IF record lists nucleoplasm as uncertain, so nuclear signal alone should not be accepted as the expected IHC result (HPA subcellular: nucleoplasm uncertain). |
| Strong staining in caudate glial cells or lymph-node germinal-center cells. | Those specific cell populations were not detected in the HPA tissue survey (HPA tissue IHC: caudate glial cells Not detected; lymph-node germinal-center cells Not detected). Check for cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity before scoring such staining as SLC25A10; HPA explicitly cautions that its antibody targets proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC caution). |
| Uniform haze across cells and tissue spaces obscures granular detail. | Diffuse staining does not match HPA’s reported granular cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC). In a chromogenic IHC run, assess reagent background with a no-primary control and review blocking, washes, and detection conditions (general IHC practice). Background that hides cell boundaries cannot support a cell-specific intensity call. |
| No staining in hepatocytes on a section expected to be positive. | HPA reports high hepatocyte staining, and UniProt reports high amounts in liver (HPA tissue IHC: liver hepatocytes High; UniProt Q9UBX3 tissue specificity). Review the run and tissue quality before interpreting absence biologically (general IHC practice). HPA’s Supported rating and pending external verification limit how conclusively one negative section can contradict the reference pattern (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
💡Expected SLC25A10 appearanceCall a positive result when hepatocytes show clear, predominantly granular cytoplasmic staining of high intensity (HPA tissue IHC: liver hepatocytes High; general granular cytoplasmic pattern); isolated nuclear staining or uniform diffuse haze does not match that reference pattern (HPA subcellular: nucleoplasm uncertain; HPA tissue IHC).
| Cell population and tissue | Interpret staining by cell type: hepatocytes and Bowman’s capsule cells are High, while adipocytes are Low (HPA tissue IHC). A low result in adipocytes should not be judged against the hepatocyte benchmark; neither rating applies to every cell in its tissue. |
| Compartment and topology | Six transmembrane segments place SLC25A10 in the mitochondrial inner membrane (UniProt Q9UBX3 topology and subcellular location). HPA describes the tissue IHC appearance as granular cytoplasmic, so score that visible pattern rather than requiring individual mitochondria to be resolved (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Antibody evidence | The listed antibody is Supported for IHC, while HPA reports medium staining–RNA consistency, pending external verification, and targeting of proteins from more than one gene (HPA antibody validation; HPA tissue IHC reliability). These caveats matter most for unexpected compartments or cell populations. |
| IF/ICC Q&A | What should IF/ICC show? Mainly mitochondria (HPA subcellular: mitochondria supported). HPA also lists nucleoplasm as uncertain and warns that the antibodies target proteins from multiple genes (HPA subcellular). This observation should not override the granular cytoplasmic IHC benchmark (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Hepatocytes have no visible chromogen. | A failed IHC run or weak detection is possible; hepatocytes are reported High (HPA tissue IHC: liver hepatocytes High). | Check that the positive-control section, retrieval, primary incubation, detection reagents, and chromogen worked (general IHC practice). Interpret persistent absence cautiously because the HPA tissue rating awaits external verification (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
| Granules are present, but the entire section is brown. | Diffuse reagent or chromogen background may be obscuring the reported granular cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control, review blocking and washes, and adjust detection conditions according to the assay controls (general IHC practice). Score cells only where granular cytoplasmic staining remains distinguishable. |
| Nuclei dominate the staining. | A nuclear-dominant paraffin-section result conflicts with the expected granular cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Nucleoplasm is an uncertain additional ICC-IF location (HPA subcellular). | Review the counterstain and no-primary control, then compare cytoplasmic granularity in hepatocytes (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: liver hepatocytes High). Do not use the uncertain IF observation to validate nuclear-only IHC. |
| Strong staining appears in cells reported as undetected. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice); HPA cautions that the antibody targets proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC). | Confirm cell identity and compare no-primary controls before scoring (general IHC practice). Use the reported cell-level negatives as comparators, such as lymph-node germinal-center cells (HPA tissue IHC: Not detected). |
| Adipocytes stain faintly beside a strongly positive tissue. | Low adipocyte staining is within the reported range and need not indicate a failed run (HPA tissue IHC: adipocytes Low). | Judge the run with a high-staining cell population, such as hepatocytes, and evaluate adipocytes separately (HPA tissue IHC: liver hepatocytes High; adipocytes Low). Keep the same scoring threshold within each comparison. |
| A different antibody gives a discordant pattern. | HPA reports medium agreement with RNA data and cautions about proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC reliability); discordance alone does not identify which result is specific. | Compare cell-level patterns and assay controls, then use independent validation before making a new localization claim (general IHC practice). The HPA IHC entry is Supported, with external verification pending (HPA tissue IHC reliability). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing SLC25A10 staining
A10727-3 · IHCIHC analysis of Mitochondrial Dicarboxylate Carrier/SLC25A10 using anti-Mitochondrial Dicarboxylate Carrier/SLC25A10 antibody (A10727-3). Mi
A10727-3 · IHCIHC analysis of Mitochondrial Dicarboxylate Carrier/SLC25A10 using anti-Mitochondrial Dicarboxylate Carrier/SLC25A10 antibody (A10727-3). Mi
A10727-3 · IFIF analysis of Mitochondrial Dicarboxylate Carrier/SLC25A10 using anti-Mitochondrial Dicarboxylate Carrier/SLC25A10 antibody (A10727-3). Mit
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000183048-SLC25A10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_6016856
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000183048-SLC25A10/tissue/colon#imid_6016774
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000183048-SLC25A10/tissue/liver#imid_6012751
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000183048-SLC25A10/tissue/kidney#imid_6016784
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA023048; green = SLC25A10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA023048; green = SLC25A10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for SLC25A10 IHC & IF
🧪Run liver first and expect hepatocytes to stain (HPA: High in hepatocytes; UniProt Q9UBX3: mitochondrial inner membrane). Use lymph-node germinal-center cells as the tissue negative (HPA: Not detected in germinal center cells); on the liver slide, treat cells without specific mitochondrial-pattern staining as internal negative references only after confirming their identity.
Positive control tissue: Appendix (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Caudate (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show SLC25A10 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Mitochondria (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and matched nonimmune rabbit IgG controls, plus SLC25A10 knockout tissue as a biological negative (selected-SKU caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase before HRP/DAB detection in liver, and check endogenous biotin if using avidin–biotin detection (selected-SKU caption: HRP/DAB; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A10727-3 tissue-IHC caption does not state the fixative (selected-SKU caption: fixative not stated). The caption reports heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 for a paraffin mouse-kidney section, but supplies no comparison establishing that retrieval is required (selected-SKU caption: EDTA retrieval). The supplied evidence does not establish frozen sections or IF as easier; liver endogenous peroxidase can confound HRP/DAB staining (HPA: High in hepatocytes; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for SLC25A10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification. Caution, targets protein from more than one gene.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Endothelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Gallbladder | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Bowman's capsule | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Hepatocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lymph node | Germinal center cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Spleen | Cells in red pulp | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced SLC25A10 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot SLC25A10 staining by checking retrieval, mitochondrial localisation, cell identity, and controls before interpreting chromogenic signal.
Which retrieval condition should I start with for SLC25A10 paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet A10727-3). The matching mouse kidney example used paraffin sections, 10% goat serum blocking, and 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet A10727-3). If staining is weak, vary heating duration on adjacent sections while holding antibody concentration and detection constant; compare tissue detail and granular cytoplasmic signal. Loss of morphology or diffuse staining suggests excessive retrieval, so shorten heating before increasing antibody concentration. Assess the result against expected mitochondrial localisation and include a no-primary control (UniProt Q9UBX3 subcellular location; standard IHC practice).
How should I troubleshoot weak staining when fixation history is uncertain?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown because the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (datasheet A10727-3). Record the available fixation history, then compare adjacent sections processed with the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and detection conditions (datasheet A10727-3; standard IHC practice). If specimens differ in fixation history, interpret intensity comparisons cautiously and check whether nuclear detail and tissue structure remain intact. Include a previously staining control section in each run to separate a processing failure from a specimen-level difference. Do not assign weak signal to a particular fixative without a controlled comparison (standard IHC practice).
What staining pattern is plausible for this inner-membrane carrier?
Expect a granular cytoplasmic pattern by chromogenic microscopy, consistent with mitochondrial localisation rather than a continuous cell-surface rim (HPA tissue IHC profile; UniProt Q9UBX3 subcellular location). The carrier occupies the mitochondrial inner membrane and has 6 annotated transmembrane segments (UniProt Q9UBX3 topology). Examine well-preserved cells at high magnification and compare the distribution with nearby unstained structures; DAB deposits cannot resolve the inner membrane itself (standard IHC practice). Strong nuclear-only staining needs independent validation because the reported nucleoplasmic location is uncertain and its antibody evidence targets proteins from multiple genes (HPA subcellular).
Can this antibody distinguish SLC25A10 isoforms in tissue?
The record lists 2 isoforms, but the supplied caption does not identify the antibody epitope or establish isoform discrimination (UniProt Q9UBX3 isoforms; datasheet A10727-3). Its 6 transmembrane segments make epitope location relevant when comparing retrieval outcomes, yet no exposed loop or isoform-specific sequence can be assigned from this evidence (UniProt Q9UBX3 topology). Request or inspect documented immunogen coordinates before claiming isoform coverage, and use an independently validated isoform-specific method if that distinction drives the experiment (standard IHC practice). Score the observed staining as SLC25A10-directed antibody signal, with specificity subject to orthogonal controls (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help evaluate the IHC localisation result?
On a separate IF/ICC assay, combine SLC25A10 staining with a mitochondrial marker and, for tissue multiplexing, a marker identifying the expected cell population, such as hepatocytes in liver (UniProt Q9UBX3 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and inspect unstained tissue for autofluorescence before assigning puncta to the target (standard IF practice). Optimise permeabilisation against a documented epitope location: an inner-membrane epitope may require access beyond the plasma and mitochondrial outer membranes (UniProt Q9UBX3 topology; standard IF practice). Interpret apparent nuclear overlap cautiously because the additional nucleoplasmic assignment is uncertain (HPA subcellular).
How do I reduce diffuse DAB staining without losing mitochondrial signal?
Begin with a no-primary control and examine whether background follows tissue edges, damaged regions, or broadly distributed pigment rather than the expected granular cytoplasmic pattern (HPA tissue IHC profile; standard IHC practice). The selected example used 10% goat serum, 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and DAB detection (datasheet A10727-3). Add a peroxidase block and wash thoroughly as general chromogenic IHC steps, then shorten DAB development if control sections remain dark (standard IHC practice). If background persists, titrate primary concentration around the documented condition while keeping retrieval and development matched across sections (standard IHC practice).
How should I score SLC25A10 across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell compartment and population before scoring: use granular cytoplasmic staining in the selected cell type, with hepatocytes in liver or Bowman's capsule cells in kidney as documented examples (HPA tissue IHC). An H-score combines the percentages of cells at ordinal intensity levels; alternatively report percent positive cells or positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue (standard IHC practice). Normalise to the number of eligible cells or viable tissue area, and keep retrieval, DAB development, imaging, and thresholds constant across groups (standard IHC practice). Report controls and excluded damaged regions alongside the score (standard IHC practice).
When should an apparent positive be treated as artefact?
A credible result shows granular cytoplasmic staining in plausible cells, consistent with mitochondrial localisation; hepatocytes are reported as strongly stained in liver (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9UBX3 subcellular location). Question nuclear-only or smooth membrane-rim signal, staining restricted to section edges or necrosis, and colour that persists in a no-primary control (HPA subcellular; standard IHC practice). Check endogenous peroxidase contribution with an appropriate block and compare intact cells under the same DAB development conditions (standard IHC practice). HPA tissue reliability is Supported but notes medium RNA concordance and possible recognition of proteins from multiple genes, so confirm consequential findings independently (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best SLC25A10 / Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier IHC Antibodies
A10727-3 has IHC images from paraffin sections of human, mouse, and rat tissue, plus an IF image from a human paraffin section (catalog image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier/SLC25A10 Antibody ®
Cat # A10727-3
A10727-3 has IHC images from mouse and rat kidney, human appendix adenocarcinoma, and human breast cancer paraffin sections (catalog IHC image captions). Its IF image shows a human liver cancer paraffin section (catalog IF image caption).
Which to pick: Choose A10727-3 for tissue IHC in paraffin sections: its own IHC captions document staining at 2 μg/ml, while the fixative is unreported (catalog IHC image captions). For IF, its own caption documents a human liver cancer paraffin section at 5 μg/ml; ICC is not listed among its applications (catalog IF image caption; catalog applications). It is the listed choice for work across human, mouse, and rat because those species are listed as reactive; the antibody is rabbit hosted and its clone is unreported (catalog reactivity; catalog host and clone fields).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9UBX3 (DIC_HUMAN, Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier).
- Human Protein Atlas. SLC25A10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
- Human Protein Atlas. SLC25A10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the mitochondria. In addition localized to the nucleoplasm. Caution: Based on antibodies targeting proteins from multiple genes..
- Human Protein Atlas. SLC25A10 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- SLC25A10 performs an oncogenic role in human osteosarcoma. Oncology letters 2020 — PMC7405602.
- Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia Alleviated Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Targeting SLC25A10 to Suppress Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Journal of cardiovascular translational research 2024 — PMC11371862.
- Mitochondrial SLC25A10 promotes prostate cancer progression by inhibiting ferritinophagy. Cell death discovery 2025 — PMC12092617.
- SLC25A10 promotes cisplatin resistance by inhibiting ferroptosis in cervical cancer. Cell death discovery 2025 — PMC12504685.
- PubMed PMID:10585886 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16303743 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for SLC25A10 (Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier). Expected localisation Granular cytoplasm (HPA tissue IHC); mitochondrial inner membrane (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A10727-3). Validated IHC antibody: A10727-3 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Appendix (Glandular cells); negative Caudate. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded mouse kidney tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A10727-3); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10727-3); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A10727-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A10727-3); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-SLC25A10, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A10727-3); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A10727-3). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: The HPA antibody may detect proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; epitope coverage across them is unknown (UniProt); Regulation: No specific expression regulator reported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9UBX3, HPA tissue IHC · Supported, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the mitochondria. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet A10727-3, PMC7405602, PMC11371862. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SLC25A10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.