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- Table of Contents
Facts about SLIT and NTRK-like protein 1.
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Mouse | |
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Gene Name: | Slitrk1 |
Uniprot: | Q810C1 |
Entrez: | 76965 |
Belongs to: |
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SLITRK family |
FLJ54428; KIAA1910KIAA0918; leucine rich repeat containing 12; Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 12; LRRC12; RP11-395N17.1; SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 1; SLIT and NTRK-like protein 1; slit and trk like gene 1; SLITRK1; TTM
Mass (kDA):
77.817 kDA
Mouse | |
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Location: | 14|14 E3 |
Sequence: | 14; |
In the adult, significant expression is detected only in the brain. Broadly expressed in embryonic brain with highest expression in subventricular zone, subplate, cortical plate, pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus where levels are highest in ventromedial hypothalamus and medial part of periaqueductal gray matter. Also expressed in mantle layer of spinal cord and in lateral and medial motor columns.
This article will examine the various uses of the SLITRK1 marker in biomedicine. We will discuss its Diagnostic as well as Predictive value. We will also talk about some of its Clinical Applications. After all, a new gene can help doctors better diagnose and treat patients with the disease. But, what are some of the best uses of this gene?
The SLITRK1 ligand can be used for flow cytometry. This versatile ligand can detect DNA and proteins in biological samples from healthy and diseased subjects. In addition, the SLITRK1 marker is particularly useful in the study of gene expression and protein-protein interactions. This ligand can also help detect several other biomarkers.
The SLITRK1 marker is a biochemically defined molecule expressed in the mouse brain. It has two repeats, LRR1 & LRR2, with LRR2 being more conserved than others. Its 3-prime UTR has conserved G-U pairs that inhibit miRNA-mediated protein suppression. The var321 mutation repressed luciferase expression in the mouse brain more than its wild-type counterpart. In addition, Abelson et al. Abelson et al. (2005) showed that the SLITRK1 marker colocalizes in the mouse brain with murine miR189.
SLITRK1 has been linked to trichotillomania and rare point mutations. A recent study of 381 OCD probands revealed that OCD patients were more likely than others to have SLITRK1 mutants. The unique variant eliminated the protein's known function. The SLITRK1 mutant is believed to play a role in the pathophysiology and a variety OCD-related conditions. More research should be done into its use.
PolyPhen-2 predicts whether allele replacement will be functionally significant by applying the Naive Bayes algorithm, which was trained using supervised machinelearning. Mutations that have posterior probabilities below the 1st false-positive rate are considered likely to be damaging. The second falsely positive rate was considered to be benign. The clinical application of the SLITRK1 marker is a promising tool for gene testing. It can be used by doctors to distinguish between different types.
The number of unipolar-type cell numbers increased when Slitrk1 was overexpressed. Its effects upon dendritic targeting were different from NGF-induced neurorites and require further investigation. The Slitrk1 protein is present in the brain of Slitrk1-deficient mice, but it is largely absent in the spinal cord. Slitrk1 expression in mice was also widespread, including in the subventricular zone, ventromedial, and hypothalamus.
The Slitrk1 marker is a biochemical tool that promotes presynaptic differentiation of inhibitory and excitatory synapses in brain tissues. Slitrk1 is also present in peripheral nerves, lungs, and intestines. Its presence is linked to many diseases, including those that cause cancer. This marker is a sensitive biochemical tool that allows for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.
Six members of the Slitrk gene group are highly expressed in nervous system. Slitrk5 emerged from a mouse screen that looked for differentially expressed genes. It was previously thought that the gene was only expressed in mature human hematopoietic cells. However, recent research has shown that it is also found in early human hematopoietic progenitors. Two domains of the Slitrk gene family are flanked by cysteine rich domains.
Predictive value are determined by comparing positive and negative results. The best case scenario is that the same marker has the exact same sensitivity and specificity for each patient. The predictive value may be affected by the disease's prevalence. Thus, predictive values of a disease may vary depending on the ratio of healthy subjects to those with the disease. These differences are not significant but the authors warn against taking these results as conclusive without additional data.
SLITRK1 is not directly associated with TS. However, new mutations have been linked to the disorder. Zuchner et. al. found that SLITRK1 was associated more with OCD than normal. Slitrk1 and OCD may also be linked to each other, according to the SLITRK1 genes.
The Slitrk gene is a structurally related family of transmembrane protein families that contains the leucine rich repeat (LRR). All members of the Slitrk family are expressed in central nervous systems and have been implicated with basic neuronal processes such as neurite survival and neurite outgrowth. They have been implicated as neuropsychiatric disorders and in the development of CNS. In addition to neuronal function, Slitrk proteins are involved in signaling and cell adhesion.
Slitrks are highly similar to Trk receptors. However, they differ in their amino acid sequences. The TrkA receptor is phosphorylated at the Y791 position, while the Slitrk5 receptor is at Y833, but their function is not known. Slitrks look similar to Trk-receptors, but it is not clear what the functional roles of the human Slitrk Y791 methylation are.
The candidate gene for TS, the SLITRK1 genes, is being studied. Abelson et.al. found a noncoding mutation in SLITRK1’s third-order sequence. Abelson study and several replication studies investigated the role SLITRK1 var321 plays in TS pathogenesis. These studies however produced a complex picture about the role of the SLITRK1 genes in TS pathogenesis.
A SLITRK1 gene variant was associated with TS and OCD, which was found to be predictive for both disorders. In a recent GWAS study, however, the SLITRK5 mutation was not found to be associated with either disease. The Slitrk5 knockout mouse model TS and OCD has abnormal corticostriatal wiring, which is consistent in OCD. Validation of the model will require an improved understanding about normal SLITRK5 functioning.
The SLITRK1 genome is one among the most heritable and polygenic genes in humans. It regulates presynaptic differentiate and synapse development. It has been linked to tic disorders in European ancestry populations by its pathogenic variants. However, these studies were not limited to the south Chinese population. This gene is associated to tic disorders in most patients.
PMID: 14550773 by Aruga J., et al. Identification and characterization of Slitrk, a novel neuronal transmembrane protein family controlling neurite outgrowth.
PMID: 27273464 by Beaubien F., et al. Slitrk1 is localized to excitatory synapses and promotes their development.