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SNRPN / Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for SNRPN
Plan paraffin-section SNRPN IHC around nuclear staining in CNS tissue (HPA tissue IHC). Caudate neuronal cells provide a high-staining reference; interpret signal cautiously because the HPA antibody may detect proteins from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
SNRPN Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear staining in CNS tissue (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Nuclear staining in CNS neurons (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet PB9441) | |
| Positive control | Caudate+3 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Antibody may detect proteins from multiple genes (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expressed in brain and lymphoblasts (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended SNRPN IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol uses EDTA retrieval (datasheet: PB9441); the published colorectal cancer tissue microarray protocol uses microwave retrieval (PMC7669248).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human cervical cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet PB9441) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet PB9441); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet PB9441); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet PB9441) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-SNRPN, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet PB9441) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet PB9441) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet PB9441) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | SNRPN-positive staining in neuronal cells of caudate (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Nuclear expression in the CNS. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet: PB9441); the published microwave method does not specify a retrieval buffer (PMC7669248).
Section 2
What Is the Expected SNRPN Staining Pattern?
SNRPN is nuclear and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P63162: subcellular location and topology). In paraffin-section IHC, expect nuclear staining in CNS neuronal cells: high in caudate neurons and medium in cerebellar Purkinje cells, cortical neurons and hippocampal neurons (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue pattern Approved, with a caution that the antibody targets proteins from more than one gene (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Neuronal nuclei stain in caudate, with weaker staining in other sampled CNS regions. | This fits HPA's high caudate neuronal signal and medium Purkinje, cortical and hippocampal neuronal signals (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare nuclear staining within each cell type; the reported levels are observations, not thresholds for scoring an individual section (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Chromogen is predominantly cytoplasmic or outlines cell membranes. | That distribution conflicts with the nuclear location reported by UniProt and the CNS nuclear pattern observed by HPA (UniProt P63162: subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC). Check section morphology and detection background before interpreting the signal as SNRPN (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining appears in an unexpected cell type or in a listed negative tissue. | HPA reports no detection in adipocytes of adipose tissue or glandular cells of adrenal gland, among other sampled cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity (general IHC practice); HPA also cautions that its antibody targets proteins from more than one gene (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). |
| Chromogen forms a diffuse haze across cells and surrounding tissue. | A broad haze does not resolve the expected neuronal nuclear pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). Review blocking, primary-antibody concentration, washes and chromogen development, and compare a no-primary control (general IHC practice). Haze alone cannot identify which step caused the background. |
| A caudate section has no convincing neuronal nuclear signal. | This disagrees with HPA's high staining in caudate neuronal cells (HPA: tissue IHC). First confirm tissue identity and preserved nuclei, then review retrieval and the IHC detection run with a suitable control (general IHC practice). A failed run cannot establish true absence of SNRPN. |
💡Expected SNRPN appearanceCall positive when neuronal nuclei show a clear chromogenic signal—high in caudate neurons and medium in the listed other CNS neurons (HPA: tissue IHC); dominant cytoplasmic, membranous or diffuse staining is discordant with the reported nuclear location (UniProt P63162: subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC).
| Where should I score staining? | Score neuronal nuclei in the sampled CNS tissues (HPA: tissue IHC). UniProt places SNRPN in the nucleus and reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt P63162: subcellular location and topology). Nuclear counterstaining can help identify the compartment (general IHC practice). |
| How strong should the tissue control be? | HPA reports high signal in caudate neuronal cells and medium signal in Purkinje cells and cortical and hippocampal neurons (HPA: tissue IHC). Its listed non-detected cell types offer comparison tissue observations, not a guarantee that every cell in those organs is negative (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| How specific is the reference pattern? | HPA calls its tissue IHC pattern Approved but cautions that the antibody targets proteins from more than one gene; antibody HPA003482 has Approved IHC status (HPA: tissue IHC reliability; HPA: antibody validation). A matching pattern supports the interpretation but cannot by itself prove SNRPN-specific staining. |
| Do isoforms or modifications change the expected IHC result? | UniProt lists two SNRPN isoforms and methylated arginine residues (UniProt P63162: isoforms and modified residues). The supplied evidence does not locate the IHC epitope or show an isoform- or modification-dependent staining difference; make no such scoring adjustment. |
| What should IF/ICC show? | HPA reports an approved nucleoplasmic location in ICC-IF, with a caution that the antibodies target proteins from multiple genes (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). This is a localization cross-check, not a paraffin-section IHC intensity standard; IF/ICC methods belong in its separate guide. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No neuronal nuclear staining in caudate. | Possible control or detection failure; HPA reports high signal in caudate neuronal cells (HPA: tissue IHC). | Verify tissue and nuclear morphology, then check retrieval, primary-antibody dilution and detection against the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions; include a positive control (general IHC practice). |
| Signal sits mainly outside nuclei. | The observed compartment conflicts with the nuclear reference pattern (UniProt P63162: subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare chromogen with the nuclear counterstain, inspect morphology, and assess a no-primary control before scoring the stain (general IHC practice). |
| Unexpected cells or listed negative tissue stain strongly. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice); HPA warns that its tissue antibody targets proteins from more than one gene (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). | Run a no-primary control and examine whether staining follows the expected neuronal nuclear distribution in a CNS control (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Diffuse chromogen obscures individual nuclei. | Nonspecific background can arise during blocking, washing or chromogen development (general IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control; review blocking, washes, primary dilution and development time using the IHC-P instructions (general IHC practice). |
| Purkinje, cortical or hippocampal signal looks weaker than caudate. | HPA reports medium staining in those neuronal populations and high staining in caudate neuronal cells (HPA: tissue IHC). | Judge each cell type by its nuclear localization and control quality before calling the weaker signal a failed stain (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| A no-primary control also develops chromogen. | The signal can arise from endogenous detection activity or detection reagents without primary antibody (general IHC practice). | Address the detection background according to the staining system's controls, then repeat interpretation against the CNS nuclear reference pattern (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing SNRPN staining
PB9441 · IHCIHC analysis of SNRPN using anti-SNRPN antibody (PB9441). SNRPN was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human cervical cancer tissue.
PB9441 · IHCIHC analysis of SNRPN using anti-SNRPN antibody (PB9441). SNRPN was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tissue. H
PB9441 · IFIF analysis of SNRPN using anti-SNRPN antibody (PB9441). SNRPN was detected in an immunocytochemical section of CACO-2 cells. Enzyme antigen
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000128739-SNRPN/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_1270020
HPA · CaudateHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Caudate. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000128739-SNRPN/tissue/basal+ganglia#imid_1270030
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000128739-SNRPN/tissue/colon#imid_1269946
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000128739-SNRPN/tissue/liver#imid_1269955
HPA · ICC-IF CACO-2Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, CACO-2, antibody HPA067842; green = SNRPN, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF CACO-2Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, CACO-2, antibody HPA067842; green = SNRPN, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for SNRPN IHC & IF
🧪Run caudate first: neuronal cells should show nuclear staining (HPA: High in caudate neuronal cells; UniProt P63162: nucleus). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue, where adipocytes should lack specific staining (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the caudate slide, cells without specific signal should show counterstain alone, but their identity as biological negatives requires separate validation.
Positive control tissue: Caudate (Neuronal cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show SNRPN in CACO-2, HEK293, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype controls, plus SNRPN-knockout material or peptide competition if the immunizing peptide is available (selected PB9441 caption: rabbit primary antibody). Quench endogenous peroxidase before HRP/DAB detection, and assess tissue pigment against the no-primary control (selected PB9441 caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the selected PB9441 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative. Heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 is a documented starting condition, but whether retrieval is required has not been established (selected PB9441 caption: heat-mediated EDTA retrieval). The supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier; brain autofluorescence, including neuronal lipofuscin, can complicate IF interpretation (standard IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for SNRPN
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Caution, targets protein from more than one gene. External characterization data supports antibody staining.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced SNRPN IHC Tips
Troubleshoot SNRPN staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, nuclear localisation, antibody specificity, and matched controls.
How should I retrieve SNRPN in paraffin sections when nuclear staining is weak?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet PB9441). The selected image used this retrieval before overnight incubation at 4°C with 2 μg/ml antibody (datasheet PB9441), so reproduce those conditions when comparing staining. If signal remains weak, test retrieval duration on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration, detection, and development matched; excessive heating can damage morphology and complicate nuclear scoring (standard IHC practice). Include a positive neuronal tissue control because nuclear expression is reported in the CNS (HPA: tissue IHC), and compare its staining with a negative control before changing buffers.
Could fixation explain inconsistent SNRPN staining between paraffin blocks?
Target-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown: the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (datasheet PB9441), and no target-specific fixation comparison is supplied. Record each block's fixative and fixation time, then compare sections with similar processing, retrieval, section thickness, and detection so those variables do not obscure the result (standard IHC practice). Check nuclear morphology and tissue preservation alongside signal; damaged or poorly preserved areas should not determine the scoring threshold (standard IHC practice). If blocks differ, establish an internal reference from the same processing batch before attributing a staining difference to SNRPN abundance.
What staining pattern should count as SNRPN in chromogenic IHC?
Prioritise staining within intact nuclei: SNRPN is assigned to the nucleus (UniProt P63162), and tissue IHC reports nuclear expression in the CNS (HPA: tissue IHC). The subcellular entry specifies nucleoplasm, but its antibody can target proteins from multiple genes (HPA: subcellular), so that pattern alone cannot establish SNRPN specificity. Assess nuclei against the counterstain and score cytoplasmic or membranous colour separately; SNRPN has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P63162 topology). Use neuronal tissue as a positive-pattern reference, including caudate neuronal cells with high staining (HPA: tissue IHC), while checking background on a matched negative control.
How could isoforms or methylation change what the antibody detects in tissue?
SNRPN has 2 recorded isoforms and an Sm domain at residues 4–86 (UniProt P63162), but the supplied antibody caption does not identify its epitope (datasheet PB9441). Arginines around residues 108 and 112 have reported methylation states (UniProt P63162 modified residues); without an epitope map, their effect on staining is unknown. Check whether the antibody's documented immunogen or validation distinguishes isoforms before interpreting differences between tissues as isoform changes. If the epitope remains unspecified, report the result as antibody-detected nuclear staining and seek independent target validation, particularly because the HPA tissue antibody may recognise proteins from multiple genes (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
How should I assess SNRPN localisation when moving from chromogenic IHC to IF?
For a separate IF assay, pair the SNRPN channel with a marker for the expected neuronal cell population, then assess overlap in individual nuclei; neuronal staining is reported in the CNS (HPA: tissue IHC). Choose a spectrally separated, preferably longer-wavelength fluorophore after checking tissue autofluorescence and single-channel controls (standard IF practice). Permeabilise sufficiently to expose a nuclear epitope, since SNRPN is nuclear and lacks a transmembrane segment (UniProt P63162 localisation and topology); optimise that step for the IF antibody. Treat apparent nucleoplasmic staining cautiously because the HPA subcellular antibody can target proteins from multiple genes (HPA: subcellular).
How can I distinguish SNRPN signal from diffuse brown background?
Compare the stained section with a no-primary control processed through the same secondary, peroxidase, and DAB steps; colour in that control indicates assay background (standard chromogenic IHC practice). The selected caption used 10% goat serum blocking, a peroxidase-conjugated secondary, and DAB development (datasheet PB9441), providing conditions to reproduce when troubleshooting. Apply a peroxidase block and check for residual endogenous enzyme activity, then shorten chromogen development or adjust antibody concentration if diffuse colour persists (standard IHC practice). Preserve the expected nuclear pattern during optimisation (UniProt P63162 localisation), and avoid calling staining specific solely because it is stronger than surrounding tissue.
How should I quantify SNRPN staining across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define eligible cell populations and a nuclear positivity threshold using matched control slides before scoring, because the expected compartment is nuclear (UniProt P63162 localisation; standard IHC practice). Report the percentage of positive nuclei and, when intensity is reproducible, a nuclear H-score; for spatial comparisons, report positive nuclei per mm² of viable tissue (standard IHC practice). Normalise counts to the number of eligible nuclei or viable area, and keep retrieval, counterstain, imaging, and analysis settings consistent across groups (standard IHC practice). Stratify neuronal and other cells where relevant, since the tissue profile reports high staining in caudate neuronal cells (HPA: tissue IHC).
When should I question an apparently positive SNRPN IHC result?
Question staining that is predominantly membranous or cytoplasmic, since SNRPN is nuclear and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P63162 localisation and topology). Compare the stained cell type with the reported nuclear CNS profile, while recognising that the selected caption demonstrates staining in paraffin-embedded human cervical cancer tissue (HPA: tissue IHC; datasheet PB9441). Edge staining, necrotic regions, and colour persisting in no-primary controls warrant review for processing or endogenous-enzyme artefacts (standard IHC practice). Finally, treat an isolated positive pattern as provisional: the HPA tissue antibody carries a warning that it targets proteins from more than one gene (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
Boster reagents
Best SNRPN / Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N IHC Antibodies
PB9441 has IHC images from human paraffin sections and IF images from CACO-2 cells, human breast tissue, and mouse and rat brain sections (PB9441 image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-SNRPN Antibody ®
Cat # PB9441
PB9441 is shown in IHC on paraffin sections of human cervical cancer, breast cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma tissue (PB9441 IHC image captions). It is also shown in IF on CACO-2 cells, human breast tissue, and mouse and rat brain sections (PB9441 IF image captions).
Which to pick: Choose PB9441 for chromogenic IHC on paraffin sections: its IHC captions document EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and 2 μg/ml primary antibody; the fixative is unreported (PB9441 IHC image captions). For IF/ICC, PB9441 lists both applications and shows IF at 5 μg/ml in cells and tissue sections (PB9441 applications; PB9441 IF image captions). For cross-species work, PB9441 lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity, with mouse and rat IF images; its IHC images are human, and clonality is unreported (PB9441 catalog; PB9441 image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P63162 (RSMN_HUMAN, Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N).
- Human Protein Atlas. SNRPN tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. SNRPN subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoplasm. Caution: Based on antibodies targeting proteins from multiple genes..
- Human Protein Atlas. SNRPN antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide N Accelerates Malignant Progression and Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Transcriptionally Regulated by E2F8. Frontiers in oncology 2020 — PMC7669248.
- PubMed PMID:2522186 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:2522449 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:2528429 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for SNRPN (Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N). Expected localisation Nuclear staining in CNS tissue (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet PB9441). Validated IHC antibody: PB9441 at 2-5μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Caudate (Neuronal cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human cervical cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet PB9441); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet PB9441); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet PB9441); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet PB9441); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-SNRPN, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet PB9441); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet PB9441). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Antibody may detect proteins from multiple genes (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt); Regulation: Expressed in brain and lymphoblasts (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P63162, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoplasm. Caution: Based on antibodies targeting proteins from…, Datasheet PB9441, PMC7669248. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SNRPN/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.