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- Table of Contents
17 Citations 7 Q&As
1 Citations 1 Q&As
Facts about Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.
Is a main inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU). As PLAT inhibitor, it is needed for fibrinolysis down-regulation and is responsible for the controlled degradation of blood clots (PubMed:8481516, PubMed:9207454, PubMed:17912461).
Human | |
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Gene Name: | SERPINE1 |
Uniprot: | P05121 |
Entrez: | 5054 |
Belongs to: |
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serpin family |
Endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor; Nexin; PAI1; PAI-1; PAI1PAI-1; PAISerpin E1; PLANH1; PLANH1plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogenactivator inhibitor type 1), member 1; Serpin E1; serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitortype 1), member 1
Mass (kDA):
45.06 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 7q22.1 |
Sequence: | 7; NC_000007.14 (101127104..101139247) |
Expressed in endothelial cells (PubMed:2430793, PubMed:3097076). Found in plasma, platelets, and hepatoma and fibrosarcoma cells.
Secreted.
If you've recently discovered an unusual molecule that's been found in your blood, you might like to know more about it. The SERPINE1 marker is a protein which is highly expressed in the central nervous system. When it attaches to a protein known as serine, it assists in detecting cancerous cells. The exact function of this protein is not known. Other diseases, like diabetes, could be affected by the SERPINE1 molecule.
The cell-mediated signaling pathway, uPA/uPAR, is closely connected to the acquisition of stem cell characteristics. Additionally, SERPINE1 expression is associated with the initiation of EMT and increased stem cell characteristics of cancer. It is not clear what pathway is responsible for regulating SERPINE1 levels in cancer cells. This marker is being used to monitor tumor-derived stem cells (TDCs).
The SERPINE1 protein has many ligands which interact with various proteins and activate distinct molecular pathways. The researchers who conducted this study have reported on the interactions between SERPINE1 and different proteins. These results suggest that therapeutic agents that inhibit PAI-1 activation are safe from a hemostatic standpoint. This research could have important implications in the development of new drugs that could be used to treat patients with inherited disorders of blood Clotting.
SERPINE1 expression is linked to the migration of head and neck cancer cells. Overexpression of SERPINE1 enhances cancer cell invasion and migration by activating the PI3K-Akt pathway. SERPINE1 interacts with LRP1 cells found in the head and neck cancer cells. This may affect cell migration. SERPINE1 expression has been proven to boost the adversity of cancerous cells and encourage tumor angiogenesis.
In this study, we identified 177 individuals with the SERPINE1 marker. 43 of participants were heterozygous to the null alele while seven were homozygous. 56 individuals with known birth dates and deaths were included in the study. This means that the null carriers were 50 percent less likely acute cerebral infarction as compared to non-affected participants.
Two haplotype pairs were discovered in a previous study that showed a significant difference in their PAI-1 levels. One pair was found to be different at the -6754G/5G locus, while the other had significant effects with other SERPINE1 SNPs. In this study there was no correlation between the common SERPINE1 haplotypes and the overall cardiovascular risk.
A cancer marker that interacts with several different proteins, such as serinephrine could aid in identifying tumors earlier. It could also be used as a target for immunotherapy. Before we discuss the potential uses of it, let's examine its properties. SERPINE1 is often expressed in cancers, which includes LGGs. It may be a prognostic indicator that could help patients.
The SERPINE1 gene provides instructions to create a protein known as the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 which is involved in normal blood clotting. This protein stops further loss of blood and helps protect blood vessels following an injury. It has been linked to chemo-resistance, resistance to chemotherapy, and radiation. More research is needed to determine if SERPINE1 is excessively abundant in HPV-positive HNSCCs.
In knockdown studies, it was found that SERPINE1 knockdown decreased cell adhesion as well as directional persistence in GBM cells. This result was found to be consistent across different disease and pathway set types. An analysis of enrichment of gene sets revealed that the gene set containing cell-cycle-related genes was upregulated by dispersive cells. SERPINE1 was the most affected in these tumors.
The uPA/uPAR uPA receptor is closely connected to SERPINE1 in breast cancer cells. These markers can be used to aid in treatment choices. These markers must be validated in clinical trials. Only then can we be sure that they are effective to treat patients. While these tests are promising for prognostication, they must be validated in order to determine their clinical significance.
In tumors, SERPINE1 expression is associated with an increase in migration. The overexpression of SERPINE1 enhances tumor cell movement by PI3K-Akt-mediated signaling. It is also involved in tumor cell invasion and migration via the Jak/Stat pathway. It can also be a factor in the aggressiveness of tumors through enhancing the angiogenesis of cancer cells.
The SERPINE1 cancer marker could be useful in glioma prognosis as well as treatment outcomes. The presence of SERPINE1 in tumors is inversely related to survival of patients in the TCGA datasets. It is observed in the mesenchymal form of GBM, which is associated with both low survival rates and resistance to therapy. It also has an increased risk of metastasis.
Serum serine protease inhibitor-1 (SERPINE1) is an inhibitor of plasminogen. This marker is produced primarily in the endothelium, but it also is released from tissues of the adipose. Its purpose is to regulate fibrinolysis which leads to an increased risk of bleeding. The marker is found in high concentrations in patients with various diseases and conditions, such as cancer.
SERPINE1 is a member of the serpin superfamily and acts as an inhibitor of plasma of tissue plasminogen activator (u-PA). This protein is crucial for regulation of coagulation in the body. It has also been associated with tumor-causing roles. For instance the presence of a high level of this marker have been associated with poor clinical outcomes in a number of cancer types such as prostate and breast cancer.
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PMID: 2430793 by Pannekoek H., et al. Endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI): a new member of the Serpin gene family.
PMID: 2820474 by Loskutoff D.J., et al. Structure of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene: nonrandom distribution of introns.
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