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- Table of Contents
Facts about Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4.
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Human | |
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Gene Name: | TAF4 |
Uniprot: | O00268 |
Entrez: | 6874 |
Belongs to: |
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TAF4 family |
FLJ41943; TAF(II)130; TAF(II)135; TAF2C1TBP-associated factor 4; TAF2CRNA polymerase II TBP-associated factor subunit C; TAF4 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor; TAF4A; TAFII130TAFII-130; TAFII135TAFII-135; TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 135kD; TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, RNA polymerase II, C1, 130kD; Transcription initiation factor TFIID 130 kDa subunit; transcription initiation factor TFIID 135 kD subunit; transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4
Mass (kDA):
110.114 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 20q13.33 |
Sequence: | 20; NC_000020.11 (61974798..62065810, complement) |
Nucleus.
If you're looking for the best uses of the TAF4 marker, you've come to the right place. In this article, we'll explain its biological relevance, validity, and applications. We'll also examine its validity in determining the function of specific genes in the body. Read on to discover more. The TAF4 marker is an important marker in determining the biological relevance of genes, including c-reactive protein.
The TAF4 Marker is a multimeric protein complex that mediates transcriptional responses to various activators and repressors. This marker can be used to monitor the activity of various tumor cells and to monitor the efficacy of cancer treatments. The biomarker is a key component in many biological assays, and Boster Bio offers several antibodies for this purpose.
This gene is part of the ATF/CREB transcription factor family and is found on chromosome 22. It regulates various processes within the body, such as amino acid biosynthesis, transporter activity, and glucose homeostasis. Its molecular mass is 50 kDa, and its applications include cancer research, osteoblasts, and more. Various biochemical reactions involving ATF4 are also supported by the gene.
The Biological Relevance Of The TAF4 marker is a DNA-binding protein involved in cell-to-cell signaling. In the absence of TAF4, GTF recruits and occupies a variety of sites. Hence, TAF4 has a role in regulating the gene expression and migration of GTF. Therefore, a mutation in the gene causes an accelerated growth of the corresponding GTF.
In breast cancer, overexpression of the TAF4B protein promotes cell proliferation. The protein may play an important role in GCT pathogenesis. In addition, it may be involved in estrogen signaling. This suggests that TAF4B regulates the GCT growth process. It is also involved in cell proliferation in granulosa cells, which support epithelial ovarian cancer.
The TAF4 gene is also present in the adult liver. In addition to regulating the proliferation of cells, it also controls their differentiation and apoptosis. Hence, further research on TAFs could shed light on their roles in ovarian cancer. They may also play a role in regulating the microenvironment of tumor cells. However, further studies will be necessary to determine the exact function of TAF4 in the body.
When Taf4 inactivation occurs, BCs lose their ability to secrete insulin and exhibit impaired insulin signalling. Insulin-secreting BCs are replaced by a novel population of cells expressing the TAF4 gene. Interestingly, Taf4 inactivation leads to increased glycaemia, which is associated with a poorer quality of insulin secretion. The surviving BCs are able to stabilize glycaemia and survive longer.
The TAF4 gene interacts with transcription factor HNF4a and plays a role in regulating post-natal metabolism genes in neonatal hepatocytes. When TAF4 is inactivated, HNF4A no longer binds to the cognate sites of these genes. In addition, TAF4 coordinates the formation of PICs and activation of gene expression in neonatal hepatocytes.
TAF4 inactivation decreases the expression of critical genes essential for the proper function of the BC. Resulting in increased glycaemia, lowered plasma insulin levels, impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and reduced BC mass. However, mutant animals retain the ability to survive long periods. Moreover, the RNA-seq data are summarized in Supplemental Datasets. This data also includes gene ontology analyses.
The TAF4 gene is an essential component of the cytoskeleton for proper cell growth and survival. Moreover, TAF4-/ cells express active TGFb, which is needed for serum-independent cell growth. However, the validity of this marker is questioned, given that only a small percentage of TAF4-/ cells express active TGFb. To evaluate its validity, we need to determine whether the gene expression of the tumor cells is altered.
The TAF4 locus in murine cells was isolated by screening an ES genomic DNA library for TAF4 expression, and TAF4 cDNA was cloned into pZERO and sequenced. A targeting vector was generated using PCR, which included a PGK promoter-driven hygromycin resistance gene and an additional EcoRI site. After cloning, the targeting vector was verified by restriction enzyme digestions and automated DNA sequencing.
In a recent study, researchers identified more than 1,000 genes dependent on the TAF4 gene. In addition, a TS mutant that lacks TAF4 function often undergoes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The TAF4 gene has a unique system for studying TFIID subunits. The TAF4 gene is present in more than one cell type, and loss of the TAF4 gene affects the expression of up to 1000 genes.
The TAF4 gene is involved in the process of neurodegenerative disease. A mutation in TAF4 alters gene expression in multiple organs, including the brain. Furthermore, a mutation in TAF4 causes the expression of BDNF in human fibroblasts. Furthermore, TAF4-mutant mice also have increased levels of CREB and RAR, thereby increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
The TAF4 gene has many functions, including cell-matrix interaction, adhesion, and communication. Its loss also increases the expression of TFIID subunits and BCL2L1, apoptotic-related gene. The TAF4 gene is also involved in various aspects of cell metabolism. Further, it modulates the dynamics of the cell's cytoskeleton. Moreover, it regulates gene expression in several other parts of the body.
The mouse TAF4 gene contains an upstream enhancer and binding sites for pluripotency transcription factors Nanog and Oct4. These proteins are important components in the conversion of human fibroblasts into iPSCs. TAF4 also serves important functions in maintaining TFIID stability. Moreover, this gene represents a novel tool to promote specific cellular programs. The study will help further studies in human genetic disorders.
The TAF4-TAFH domain is important in the differentiation of neural progenitors and mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, targeted proteolysis of Taf4 is required for differentiation of mouse embryonic carcinoma cells, whereas the inactivation of Taf4 inhibits differentiation of F9 cells toward early endodermal lineages. Furthermore, inactivation of Taf4 results in aggressive melanomas in the dermis compartment. Moreover, the absence of Taf4 results in the ectopic expression of melanoma-associated antigen 9 and melanocyte-specific melan-A.
However, the function of TAFs in vivo remains unclear. In the post-natal hepatocyte, TAF4 is required for gene expression program. Furthermore, TAF4 promotes binding to conserved cis-regulatory elements. In addition, the interaction between TAF4 and HNF4A is critical in regulating the occupation of cognate regulatory elements. This study will shed light on the mechanisms that regulate the function of TAFs.
Interestingly, TAF4 has been found in several tissues other than the liver. It is also found in ES cells and liver. Furthermore, TAF4 is required for normal maturation of post-natal hepatoblasts. Its high genomic occupancy in ES cells also suggests that TAF4 is a functional gene in hepatoblasts. This gene is a novel marker for identifying cancer-associated genes.
Moreover, the TAF4 gene is also important in determining cell viability. Loss of TAF4 abrogates cell viability in mouse ES cells. Somatic inactivation studies have examined the function of murine Taf4 in adult tissues and neonatal hepatocytes, while germline inactivation studies have studied its role during embryogenesis. The results of these studies have shown that TAF4 regulates specific gene expression programs and functions in various tissues.
PMID: 9192867 by Mengus G., et al. Human TAF(II)135 potentiates transcriptional activation by the AF-2s of the retinoic acid, vitamin D3, and thyroid hormone receptors in mammalian cells.
PMID: 8942982 by Tanese N., et al. Molecular cloning and analysis of two subunits of the human TFIID complex: hTAFII130 and hTAFII100.