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- Table of Contents
1 Citations
Facts about Transgelin.
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Human | |
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Gene Name: | TAGLN |
Uniprot: | Q01995 |
Entrez: | 6876 |
Belongs to: |
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calponin family |
DKFZp686P11128; Protein WS3-10; SM22 alpha; SM2222 kDa actin-binding protein; SMCCDKFZp686B01212; Smooth muscle protein 22-alpha; TAGLN; TAGLN1; transgelin variant 2; Transgelin; WS3-10; WS3-10SM22-alpha
Mass (kDA):
22.611 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 11q23.3 |
Sequence: | 11; NC_000011.10 (117199294..117207465) |
Cytoplasm.
TAGLN is a typical protein that is found in blood of cancer patients. A number of pharmaceutical companies have been developing pan-ErbB inhibitors to inhibit cancer-causing cytokines. TAGLN has been used by some of the biggest pharmaceutical companies, including Warner Lambert, Pfizer, and ISIS/Lilly, to test their anticancer drugs.
TAGLN, also known as talin is a protein expressed in the cell stroma. It may be a general biomarker for cancers that are invasive and is particularly abundant in pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma, one of the most aggressive types of lung cancer. Intact TAGLN can also be used as a diagnostic marker for malignancies that are invasive, in a similar manner to erythocyte segregation rates (ESR) and C-reactive proteins (CRP).
Chd64 expression has been observed in female and male genitalia, suggesting that it may play a role in adult fly fertility. TAGLN2 is also thought to be involved in the implantation of embryos and mouse blastocyst growth. This knowledge could allow us further understand the role of TAGLN during early development. But, the exact function of TAGLN is not clear.
The connection between heparin and TAGLN is not known, however the two proteins contain consensus heparin-binding sites and motifs similar to them. Additionally, TAGLN2 contains an actin-binding site (154KKAQEHKR161) that was previously identified as a binding site. Furthermore, negative charges could play a role in binding interactions.
TAGLN Marker sequences found in the Boster Bio database are identified by the expression of over 1900 genes in each cell type. The first set of markers is generally expressed in every cell type and is not present in other clusters. The size of the dot represents the number of cells that express the gene. The color indicates its level of expression. Certain markers are expressed in more than 80% of cells, for example, Myh21 in VSMCs, C1qa (monocytes), and Pecam1 (ECs).
TAGLN is a unique transcriptional factor, has been proven to have a unique role to play in the process of hMSC proliferation and differentiation. TAGLN hMSCs had enhanced TAGLN transcriptional activity and protein expression, as well as staining of immunocytochemicals and western blot analysis. The TAGLN-mediated differentiation slowed the proliferation of hMSCs, and facilitated hMSC movement. The TAGLN-mediated differentiation may result in changes in the distribution of actin or the dynamics of the cytoskeleton.
After 48 hours of radiation, TAGLN gene expression could be assessed. The expression of TAGLN was also measured by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and a Transwell invasion test. To determine if TAGLN affected MMP9, Western blot was employed. TAGLN expression was decreased in cancerous colorectal tissues LoVo cells, and adjacent normal tissues.
The transgelins form a family of conserved actin-binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal remodeling cell contractility, cytoskeletal remodeling, and shape. Transgelin proteins display a broad expression pattern, which may obscure their specific function in the development. Mammalian TAGLN and Drosophila TAGLN proteins have a higher sequence identity than human TAGLN. In late embryogenesis, CG5023 is located in the cytoplasm of Drosophila as well as all somatic muscle cells.
In osteogenic differentiation, TAGLN-siRNA treated cells showed a reduced degree of differentiation and a significant decrease of mineralized matrix formation. Alizarin red quantification also showed that cells depleted of TAGLN-siRNA showed reduced expression of osteoblastic gene marker genes, including RUNX2, ALPL, COL1A1 and DICKKOPF related protein.
Global gene expression profiling of TAGLN-depleted cells and parental cells demonstrated clear distinction between TAGLN-depleted cells and CL1 control cells. Significant analysis revealed that there were 2990 up-regulated genes and 4717 down-regulated genes in cells depleted in TAGLN, with a percentage of 2.0 FC, P0.05 in Supplementary Table F. In addition, TAGLN cells decreased the expression of Adipogenic markers.
PMID: 1520290 by Thweatt R., et al. A novel gene encoding a smooth muscle protein is overexpressed in senescent human fibroblasts.
PMID: 1872880 by Nishida W., et al. Gene cloning and nucleotide sequence of SM22 alpha from the chicken gizzard smooth muscle.
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