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1 Citations
Facts about T-box transcription factor TBX21.
Activates IFNG and CXCR3 genes in part by recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes such as KDM6B, a SMARCA4- comprising SWI/SNF-complex, and an H3K4me2-methyltransferase complicated for their promoters and all these complexes function to establish a more permissive chromatin state conducive with transcriptional activation (By similarity). Can trigger Th1 genes also through recruitment of Mediator complex and P-TEFb (composed of CDK9 and CCNT1/cyclin-T1) in the form of the super elongation complex (SEC) to super-enhancers and associated genes in activated Th1 cells (PubMed:27292648).
Human | |
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Gene Name: | TBX21 |
Uniprot: | Q9UL17 |
Entrez: | 30009 |
Belongs to: |
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No superfamily |
Tbet; T-bet; TBETT-PET; TBLYM; TBLYMT-cell-specific T-box transcription factor T-bet; T-box 21; T-box expressed in T cells; T-box protein 21; T-box transcription factor TBX21; TBX21; T-PET; Transcription factor TBLYM
Mass (kDA):
58.328 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 17q21.32 |
Sequence: | 17; NC_000017.11 (47733236..47746122) |
T-cell specific.
Nucleus.
TBX21 is an TH2-specific transcriptional factor, regulates the production IL-4. This is a vital cytokine that is found in TH2 cells. It helps to increase the stemness of cancer cells and helps predict the prognosis of patients suffering from LUAD. Find out more about TBX21 and its greatest uses. Also, learn about the possibilities of using the TBX21 marker in human health.
T cell-specific transcription factors such as TBX21 bind to the promoter of IL-4 genes. The promoter is located between 0-60bp upstream from the transcription start site. It promotes tumor stemness and activity of the IL-4 gene. Moreover, lung cancer stemness is linked to the TBX21 IL-4 signaling pathway.
In a recent research, researchers looked into the prognostic function of TBX21 in 1389 patients suffering from LUAD. Researchers identified TBX21 upregulation as a low prognostic biomarker. However, the baseline characteristics of clinical patients were not significantly different between the high and low expression groups. In this way it is possible that the TBX21 gene could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients suffering from LUAD.
Zhang and Yang cloned TBX21 in 2000. The 2.7 Kb TBX21 transcription was expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes, spleens, lung, and NK cells. In the mouse embryonic tissues, however the expression was not detected. To better understand the role of TBX21 further investigation into TBX21 is needed. It is a transcriptional factor with multiple targets genes.
The TBX21 protein plays an important role in controlling the expression of genes in TH2 cells. The TFH and TBX21and TH2 cells have distinct sets of genes. These TFH cells and TH2 cells had a higher level of genes involved in DNA replication, apoptosis as well as the Interferon-gamma signaling pathway.
TBX21 is found to be highly enriched in TH2 cells, while the TF profile of Tregs was quite similar. Certain TFs were TH2- and Th2-enriched. Moreover, a few were found to be enriched in both TH2 cells and CD4+ T cells in naive form. Some of these TFs are FOXP3, BHLHB2, and BHLHB2.
TBX21 regulates the production of the hallmark TH2 cytokine, IL-4 in mouse B cells. This cytokine is essential for the activation of the signature TH2 immune response, since IL-4 regulates the proliferation of GC and BMEM cells during an ongoing immune response. It also regulates TBET expression within B cells.
CTP-HBcAg18-27-tapasin is an intracellular protein that has emerged as a key regulator of cytokine-mediated homeostasis. In mice, SOCS signal deregulation triggers the onset of TH2 and Th2-mediated immune responses. It promotes BMDC maturation, and boosts IL-12p70 levels, which are two markers of cellular immune responses.
Several studies have shown that chronic hepatitis B virus infection is accompanied by a low adaptive immune response, which may be due to an imbalance of T helper cells of different kinds. A number of studies have identified suppressors of cytokine signals as key players in the regulation of T cell differentiation. The expression of fusion protein stimulates the maturation bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and increases the immune response of T cells in the lab.
Roquin and Regnase-1 are both vital proteins in IFN response pathway. The absence of either protein leads to massive activation of the T cells, though the functional relationship between these two genes isn't completely understood. Furthermore, mutations in both proteins result in an excessive amount of TH2 activation. They also may contribute to synergistic regulation and activation of T cells.
The purified soluble proteins have undetectable levels of endotoxin. Further, TBX21 suppresses the IL-4 pathway, which is vital for TH2 differentiation and function. The soluble fusion protein stimulates the production of IFNg T-bet and T-bet. It also enhances dendritic cell maturation.
A new study has revealed that the TBX21 gene, which is a major player in tumor stemness, regulates the expression of IL-4. The two genes have been shown to interplay, with a high levels of IL-4, which can cause cancer stemness and poor prognosis. While TBX21 has been proven to boost cancer stemness the study hasn't yet established whether it is involved in the initiation of lung cancer.
Two LUAD cell lines showed that the TBX21 marker increased the rate of cancer stemness. Although the gene itself isn't necessary for LUAD however, studies have revealed that it may increase the growth of cancer cells and decrease the time to live for patients with LUAD. Additionally the TBX21 gene itself appears to regulate LUAD. This research raises the possibility that TBX21 may play a role in tumor stemness.
New research has shown that the Boster Bio DNA TBX21 gene enhances stemness in cancer. Inflammation is a key factor in the development of cancers. The inflammation-related gene, IL-1b, promotes tumor growth and invading. This marker could be used to identify cancer stem cells in patients. However, this study will require more research to determine whether this gene is connected to stemness in cancer.
TBX21 gene regulates interferon gamma (IFN-g). It was discovered to be a reliable predictor for poor prognosis in 1389 patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Further research has been conducted to understand the mechanism through which TBX21 regulates the expression of IFN-g. In addition, TBX21 induced cancer stemness biomarker alterations in LUAD cells and mice model.
This study shows that the Boster Bio TBX21 marker could be used as a predictor for LUAD patients. The model was constructed with a risk score based on this marker and other clinicopathological variables. Age gender, gender, as well as smoking status were included as covariates. This model allowed researchers to determine risk groups with a poor prognosis, and also those with a positive outlook.
TBX21, an indicator of cancer stemness is connected to the IL-4 gene within 0-600 bp distance from the transcription start site. The survival rate of LUAD patients was associated with the expression of TBX21, IL-4. These results suggest that IL-4 and TBX21 could interact to boost tumor stemness, which can result in poor prognosis.
Cancer cells are able to express the TBX21 gene in normal and adjacent normal tissues. The gene is expressed higher in LUAD cells than normal ones. The protein level for TBX21 was determined using 15 samples. It was significantly higher in LUAD patients than in controls. The researchers concluded that TBX21 was a predictive marker of poor prognosis in LUAD patients.
Studies on functional aspects are needed to better understand how TBX21 influences LUAD progression. While there are more biomarkers identified for LUAD patients, they need functional studies. One study found that TBX21 stimulates stemness by enhancing the ability of forming spheres in LUAD cells. The study also showed that TBX21 increased the expression of cancer stemness biomarkers in SP cells.
Boster Bio TBX21 markers can be used to predict the prognosis and aid doctors in identifying high-risk subgroups of LUAD patients. These cancers benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with LUAD with early-stage disease may benefit from a full-scale treatment. If you've been diagnosed with LUAD it's time to make an appointment.
A drug known as TBX21 has been shown to increase the activity of the IL-4 gene and increase its secretion through binding to the promoter region. When IL-4 is secreted, it will bind to a receptor on the cell membranes of cancer cells. This activates downstream signaling which increases cancer stemness. This pathway is responsible for maintaining cancer stemness in LUAD cells.
Another characteristic of cancer stemness in LUAD cells is the capacity to self-renew. A study on A549 TBX21 sc cells revealed that they were able to grow spheres in serum-free medium and that the drug dramatically increased the size of the spheres. The expression of ABCG2 as well as OCT4 was also examined.
The researchers also found that TBX21 is expressed at a higher levels in two LUAD cell lines. They also discovered that TBX21 knockdown reduced the number of cancerous cells in A549-sc cells. These studies demonstrated that TBX21 knockdown significantly reduced the amount of cancer stem cells in both sides of the tumor. Despite these promising results TBX21 still needs to be tested thoroughly.
A study using a new drug to inhibit the expression of TCF-1 gene that is associated with tumors could be beneficial in the absence of additional information. The drug also inhibits the expression of effector-associated transcription factors. TBX21 may also enhance the stemness of LUAD cells. The company says that the drug is highly efficient in enhancing cancer stemness in LUAD cells.
According to the company, it has identified a molecular biomarker which can be used to help stratify LUAD patients. This biomarker will allow doctors to identify patients with high risk of developing the disease and who might require chemotherapy adjuvant therapy. The drug can also help doctors decide which patients will benefit most from a comprehensive treatment. This will allow doctors to prevent overtreatment and to optimize treatment.
PMID: 10761931 by Szabo S.J., et al. A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment.
PMID: 15806396 by Akahoshi M., et al. Functional promoter polymorphism in the TBX21 gene associated with aspirin-induced asthma.
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