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- Table of Contents
Facts about Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1.
Conversion of 5mC to 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC probably constitutes the initial step in cytosine demethylation. Methylation in the C5 position of cytosine bases is an epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome that has a significant role in transcriptional regulation.
Mouse | |
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Gene Name: | Tet1 |
Uniprot: | Q3URK3 |
Entrez: | 52463 |
Belongs to: |
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TET family |
bA119F7.1; CXXC finger 6; CXXC6; CXXC6FLJ10839; FLJ41442; KIAA1676CXXC-type zinc finger protein 6; LCX; LCXEC 1.14.11.n2; Leukemia-associated protein with a CXXC domain; methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1; Ten-eleven translocation 1 gene protein; ten-eleven translocation-1; tet oncogene 1
Mass (kDA):
219.261 kDA
Mouse | |
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Location: | 10 B4|10 32.48 cM |
Sequence: | 10; |
Present in embryonic stem cells (ES cells).
Whether you are an expert in the medical field or someone who is a student researching the TET1 gene take advantage of Boster's product credits and research assistance. You can submit species, applications, or special samples to be eligible for product credits. This program is open to all scientists worldwide. Read on to learn more about this marker. The Boster Bio: Best Uses for the TET1 Marker
The TET1 gene encodes a protein that regulates DNA demethylation. This enzyme is essential for NSC differentiation into dopaminergic neuron and is known to regulate levels of 5mC which is a nuclear transcription factor. Although the exact mechanism behind TET1 is not known but it is believed that it plays a role in the regulation of the expression of particular genes.
In neural stem cells, RNA-silencing was performed of Foxa2 and Tet1. Cells were then cultured for 24 hours in DMEM/F12 containing 10% FBS, DMEM/F12 medium. The qRTPCR method was used to study Foxa2 and Tet1 expression. The TET1 gene was expressed at a significantly lower rate in the siFoxa2-null population than in the PTE group.
In plants in plants, the TET1 gene is involved in epigenetically modifying populations. The Brassica Genus has created an eumethylated population through chemical means. The population also displayed variations in phenotypic traits. Scientists can pinpoint the genes that are responsible for certain traits through the use of a TET1 gene. TET1 can also be utilized as a genetic marker to detect changes in the levels of cellular RNA of plants.
TET1 is a DNA-methyltransferase that initiates the conversion of 5-methylcytosine into 5hmC. The TET1 protein has two major roles: to catalyze the hydroxylation of 5mC and to prevent the binding of the daughter strand. Both of these functions are crucial for the preservation of DNA methylation during cytokinesis.
TET1 interacts with multiple histone-modifying enzymes to trigger the suppression or silencing of genes. TET1 expression has been linked to stemness properties , and inhibiting EMT in HSIL cell lines. In addition, several studies have indicated that TET1 has interactions with immune cells. Hao-Xiang Wu and colleagues recently unification of clinical cohorts and matching mutational data, validating the predictive ability of specific mutations in genes.
The TET1 protein binds to the transcription start sites of embryonic stem cell promoters. This regulates genome-wide DNAmethylation within this region. TET1 also ensures the hypermethylation status of human embryonic stem cells promoter, which ensures expression of specific spectrum genes following differentiation. TET1 regulates the methylation of telomeres and is essential for maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells.
The TET1 protein is a fusion protein and has been identified as a tumor suppressor. The protein's name is derived from the t (10)-eleven-translocation in an ectopically located patient. Tahiliani's team discovered the TET family of proteins in 2009. In vitro research revealed that TET1 can have the ability to hydroxymethylate 5mC. Its N-terminus contains a cysteine-rich domain.
GPCR signaling is linked to DNA hydroxymethylation. GPCRs stimulate intracellular labile Fe(II pools) and enhance the genome-wide 5hmC. These effects were observed in many tissues, including neurons and tumour cells. The mechanisms behind AID on 5mC are not fully understood.
The TET1 marker plays a key role in OL development in the process of oligogenesis. It is also associated with the lineage marker SOX10, and mature OL markers CC1 and MBP. Tet1 knockout mice had lower numbers of mature CC1+OLs. This difference was not seen in adult mice. Tet1 mice that were cKO also had lower levels of MBP expression in their corpus callosum and cortex. However, the levels of MBP expression were similar between cKO mice and P60 adult mice.
The TET1 gene encodes a protein that facilitates the hydroxymethylation regulatory elements. This protein is also associated with OL differentiation. It also facilitates the methylation of DNA through targeting genes involved in calcium ion transport, cell expansion and OL differentiation. In addition, it was associated with hydroxymethylation of histone mark H3K27ac.
TET1 regulates genome-wide DNA hydroxymethylation and also regulates multiple distinct targets, including Itpr2, Slc12a2, and various OL stages. It regulates calcium transport via ITPR2, which is a key signaling pathway for myelination. What exactly is the TET1 gene actually do in oligogenesis, however?
TET1 is a transcriptional molecule which plays a role in OL differentiation. It is believed to be a cell-type-specific. In adult mice lacking Tet1 TET1-deficient OLs showed poor myelination capabilities. This suggests that TET1 plays a crucial role in myelin regeneration. However, more research is required to confirm this.
Numerous reports have linked TET1 to psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Through a multivariable regression analysis, Tet1 was a significant predictor of schizophrenia. Tet1's role in the physiological aspects of animal behavior was also explored. Tet1 cKO mice were tested to determine if they had schizophrenia-related behavioral patterns, but the results were not significantly different from littermates who were littermates with control.
The TET1 protein is the most abundant part of the myelin sheath. It is found throughout the peripheral nervous system including the brain. This protein contains seven exons and the total size of 32-34 kb. It is highly variable and can change in charge microheterogeneity. This makes it a potential autoantigen to multiple sclerosis. Boster Bio's anti-Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) antibody reacts with both Human and Mouse samples.
The researchers found that Tet1 mutant mice were deficient in myelination as evident by a decrease in the number of myelinated axons. These deficiencies were partially reversed by Bay K 8644, a calcium channel antagonist. These results suggest that Tet1 might be required to properly remyelinate white material injuries.
In addition to its role in myelination as well as myelination, the TET1 gene is also needed for OL differentiation. These results indicate that TET1 could be a specific cell transcription factor. These results also support the notion that TET1 is required for the regeneration of myelin in adult-age OLs. Tet1 deficient mice had higher PDGFRa/Ki67+ cell counts in the P7 corpus calumum than Tet1-cKO mice.
The regulation of DNA across the genome hydroxymethylation is controlled by the TET1 gene. In reality, TET1 regulates several targets, including OL differentiation, the process of myelination, and OL homeostasis. It also regulates DNA hydroxymethylation which is necessary for proper myelination. It is also required for animal behavior.
The TET1 gene is a potential biomarker of schizophrenia and has received a lot of attention. This gene is connected to the expression and growth of schizophrenia-causing psychoactive chemical serotonin. This gene is extremely specific and has a connection with other genes in the brain. Therefore, testing those with this gene could be beneficial in identifying of those who are at high risk for schizophrenia.
Polygenic risk scores are used to determine schizophrenia's genetic component in genetic studies. Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and other mental disorders are higher than those of healthy people. The BioMe (tm), BioBank can store the genetic and medical records of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Although more research is required to confirm the results, genetic tests are an the first step in helping to predict the onset of schizophrenia.
While the TET1 marker can be used to diagnose schizophrenia early, it is not as sensitive as other biomarkers. Many people believe that a biomarker should be consistent with an invariant diagnosis label. However, these studies have shown that the levels of proteins in serum of SZ patients vary greatly. This suggests that an extensive multi-marker analysis may have better accuracy, predictive power, and specificity compared to single-marker studies.
This study also suggests that a gene called TET1 is closely linked to mental disorders. The gene's upregulation increases the activity of the brain's glutamic acid descarboxylase and inhibits the 5hmU base excision repair process, and regulates synaptic transmission and gene expression in the mammalian brain. The TET1 gene family is involved in differential regulation of genes and synaptic transmission, memory and cognition in mammals.
PMID: 20639862 by Ito S., et al. Role of Tet proteins in 5mC to 5hmC conversion, ES-cell self-renewal and inner cell mass specification.
PMID: 21496894 by Guo J.U., et al. Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain.