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- Table of Contents
Plan TJP2 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections using the observed cytoplasmic and membranous tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Compare staining across tissues with the IHC-validated antibody, accounting for tissue-dependent isoform expression (UniProt).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic and membranous staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Glandular cells show cytoplasmic and membranous staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A02774-1) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+3 more · see all |
| Fixation | Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent between samples (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | HPA staining may detect targets from more than one gene (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Isoform expression varies by tissue (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Seven isoforms; confirm which isoforms the epitope covers (UniProt) |
The catalog antibody’s IHC protocol is followed by published TJP2 staining details from two articles (PMC4061468; PMC10039855).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human ovarian serous adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A02774-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A02774-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A02774-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A02774-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-TJP2, 2μg/ml (datasheet A02774-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A02774-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A02774-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | TJP2-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
TJP2 is associated with tight and adherens junctions and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9UDY2). In paraffin tissue sections, expect staining along epithelial cell borders, with cytoplasmic and membranous staining also reported across many tissues (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA rates its tissue pattern Supported, with medium agreement between staining and RNA data, and cautions that the antibody signal may include protein from more than one gene (HPA: tissue IHC).
| Glandular or respiratory epithelial cells show membranous staining, especially at cell contacts, with some cytoplasmic signal. | This fits the junction-associated location of TJP2 (UniProt Q9UDY2) and HPA's cytoplasmic and membranous tissue profile (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA reports Medium staining in glandular cells of colon, duodenum, breast and endometrium, and in bronchial respiratory epithelium (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| The strongest signal is uniformly nuclear, with little staining at epithelial borders. | Treat this as a compartment mismatch for routine tissue interpretation (HPA: tissue IHC). Nuclear TJP2 remains possible under environmental stress and in migratory endothelial cells or subconfluent epithelial cultures (UniProt Q9UDY2). HPA also reports nucleoplasmic ICC-IF signal (HPA: subcellular). Nuclear staining alone therefore needs context and antibody controls before it is scored as specific (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining appears in adipocytes or soft-tissue fibroblasts while nearby epithelium is weak. | These cell types were Not detected in HPA tissue IHC (HPA: adipose tissue; soft tissue). Consider antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity, especially because HPA cautions that the tissue antibody signal may include protein from more than one gene (HPA: tissue IHC). A negative HPA observation is a comparison, not proof that every specimen must be negative. |
| Color covers stroma and empty spaces without recognizable cell borders. | This is diffuse background rather than the expected cell-associated pattern (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q9UDY2). Uneven blocking, residual detection reagent or excessive chromogen development are general IHC possibilities (general IHC practice). Judge whether the signal follows cells before assigning it to TJP2. |
| No staining is visible in glandular cells of a colon or duodenum section. | HPA reports Medium staining in those cells, so the section is a useful positive comparison (HPA: tissue IHC). An absent signal can reflect assay failure or specimen variation; it does not establish TJP2 absence from one negative slide (general IHC practice). Review controls and the assay steps before drawing a biological conclusion. |
| Junction association and topology | TJP2 has tight-junction and adherens-junction locations but no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9UDY2). Score the pattern at cell contacts; a diffuse outline of every structure has less support from the reported tissue pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). Topology alone does not predict an antigen-retrieval condition. |
| Tissue and cell-type context | HPA describes cytoplasmic and membranous expression in most tissues, with Low staining in lung alveolar and oral squamous epithelial cells and Not detected staining in adipocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare the named cell population rather than treating every tissue as uniformly positive. |
| Antibody evidence | HPA001813 and CAB009228 have Supported IHC status; HPA070714 has no listed IHC status (HPA: antibodies). HPA's overall tissue reliability is Supported and includes a caution about signal from more than one gene (HPA: tissue IHC). These ratings support cautious pattern comparison, not antibody-specific identity in an individual stained cell. |
| Isoforms and tissue distribution | UniProt lists seven TJP2 isoforms and reports different tissue distributions for A1 and C1 (UniProt Q9UDY2). Because the supplied evidence does not map an IHC antibody epitope to an isoform, a tissue difference cannot be assigned to a particular isoform from staining alone. |
| Additional nuclear location | UniProt describes nuclear localization in specific stress or cell-state contexts, while HPA calls nucleoplasm an additional ICC-IF location (UniProt Q9UDY2; HPA: subcellular). Use this as context for an unexpected nuclear signal, without making nuclear staining the default positive pattern for paraffin tissue sections (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known-positive glandular epithelium has no visible stain. | HPA reports Medium glandular staining in colon and duodenum, so a fully blank result merits an assay check (HPA: tissue IHC). | Check the positive control, primary-antibody step and chromogenic detection; compare any antigen-retrieval adjustment against the antibody's IHC-P instructions (general IHC practice). The supplied sources give no TJP2-specific retrieval condition. |
| Borders are hard to distinguish from broad cytoplasmic color. | Some cytoplasmic staining is expected in tissue, but the pattern should remain interpretable by cell type (HPA: tissue IHC). | Review adjacent cells and the counterstain, then compare the border pattern in a known-positive epithelial area (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). Avoid scoring diffuse color as junctional staining solely because the tissue is expected to express TJP2. |
| Adipocytes or fibroblasts stain strongly. | Both are listed as Not detected in the specified HPA tissue samples; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Inspect a no-primary control and reassess blocking and detection chemistry (general IHC practice). Compare staining with the expected epithelial pattern, while retaining HPA's caution that the tissue antibody may detect protein from more than one gene (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Background is widespread across cells and spaces. | A pattern that ignores tissue structures is inconsistent with HPA's cellular staining description (HPA: tissue IHC); assay background is possible (general IHC practice). | Check the no-primary control, wash and blocking steps, and chromogen development (general IHC practice). Interpret a revised section only when cellular boundaries can be distinguished. |
| Nuclear staining dominates the IHC section. | Nuclear TJP2 can occur in the contexts UniProt describes, but HPA's tissue profile emphasizes cytoplasmic and membranous staining (UniProt Q9UDY2; HPA: tissue IHC). | Record the cell type and specimen context, compare epithelial borders, and assess controls before accepting a nuclear call (general IHC practice). Do not infer environmental stress from nuclear color alone. |
| Q: Should an IF/ICC image show the same pattern as this IHC-P section? | A: HPA reports enhanced plasma-membrane and cell-junction locations plus approved nucleoplasmic localization in ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular). UniProt also allows nuclear localization in specific contexts (UniProt Q9UDY2). | Use the IF/ICC guide for that application. Here, compare the IHC-P section with HPA's tissue cell types and cytoplasmic or membranous profile (HPA: tissue IHC); do not treat an ICC-IF nuclear image as an IHC-P positive control. |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Caution, targets protein from more than one gene.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Soft tissue | Fibroblasts | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Spleen | Cells in red pulp | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Troubleshoot TJP2 chromogenic staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls and scoring before interpreting changes in expression.
Both antibodies have human paraffin-section IHC images and A431 cell IF images; listed species reactivity spans human, monkey, mouse and rat (catalog images; catalog reactivity).
A02774-1 has IHC images from human ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, rectal cancer and ovarian cancer paraffin sections, plus an A431 cell IF image (A02774-1 image captions). PA1957 has a human intestinal cancer paraffin-section IHC image and A431 and U2OS cell IF images (PA1957 image captions).
Which to pick: For chromogenic tissue IHC, PA1957 offers a listed 0.5–1 μg/ml paraffin-section range (PA1957 catalog dilution); its human intestinal cancer image used EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and DAB, with the fixative unreported (PA1957 IHC caption). For IF/ICC, PA1957 has images from two cell lines, A431 and U2OS (PA1957 IF captions), while A02774-1 has an A431 image (A02774-1 IF caption); both are rabbit antibodies with clonality unreported (catalog). For broader listed species reactivity, choose A02774-1, which includes monkey alongside human, mouse and rat (A02774-1 catalog reactivity); its IHC images show human paraffin sections processed with EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and DAB, with the fixative unreported (A02774-1 IHC captions).