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- Table of Contents
Facts about Tenascin-R.
Binding to cell surface gangliosides inhibits RGD-dependent integrin-mediated cell adhesion and leads to an inhibition of PTK2/FAK1 (FAK) phosphorylation and cell detachment. Binding to membrane surface sulfatides leads to a oligodendrocyte adhesion and differentiation.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | TNR |
Uniprot: | Q92752 |
Entrez: | 7143 |
Belongs to: |
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tenascin family |
Janusin; MGC149328; Restrictin; tenascin R (restrictin, janusin); Tenascin R; tenascin-R; TNR; TN-R
Mass (kDA):
149.562 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 1q25.1 |
Sequence: | 1; NC_000001.11 (175315194..175743702, complement) |
Brain specific.
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix.
You are making a significant step towards conservation when you use a TNR mark to protect wildlife habitat. But how does it work exactly? What are the benefits and drawbacks of TNR? Let's learn about TNR, its best uses, and its impacts on endemic and range-restricted fauna. For more information on TNR as conservation tool, don't forget about reading the rest.
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This study examined the effects of TNR upon the home-range overlap of feral and intact cats. It was found out that male home ranges were significantly higher than those of the females. However, the extent that home-range overlap was not affected significantly by the season or the reproductive status of the cats. The results showed that males weren't significantly less active than the females, suggesting that TNR did not affect their home-range overlap.
However, the authors fail address critical issues like spillover predation of cats to nearby wildlands or zoonotic disease risk. In addition, the effects of TNR on feral cats are poorly documented, making it difficult to assess the true effects of the program. Further, the authors ignore the baseline conditions before TNR efforts. The authors fail to recognize that cats were present before TNR efforts began. They argue that cats had already made their presence known in the region and that TNR is an appropriate response.
While acknowledging the need for more research into the economic impact of TNR the article relies on a dubious model which is based only on one super colony, and not the overall system. While this may be the case, available evidence suggests that it would be more cost-effective to adopt more habitat than to practice TNR. This article shows that TNR is worth the potential risks.
TNR's effects on Hawaii's native wildlife are not well understood. However, it would likely increase the problem in Hawaii of feral felines and could result in potential litigation under ESA or conflicting with Hawaii's laws. In the state of New York, the American Bird Conservancy has sued the government for allowing the introduction of feral cats in a state park where threatened species of plover live. The legislation also conflicts with Hawaii's existing laws prohibiting the keeping of mongooses.
In the western United States, TNR is widely practiced in urban areas, with the exception of some cases. However, in other areas, the population of feral cats may remain stable. The feral cat population decreased by 16 to 32 percent over a 10-year TNR program. This study also showed that TNR stabilizes feral kitten colonies by removing unwanted and socialized cats. In Texas, a TNR program operated at Texas A&M University neutered 123 feral cats in the first year. The following year, there was no need to create new litters.
Despite these findings, other studies have found that TNR colony cats pose a significant risk of transmitting diseases to humans. TNR colonies may also pose a threat to zoonotic infections, which are transmitted through close contact with humans. This research also shows the importance of conservation efforts and research to ensure the safety for the cats.
TNR programs are not perfect. One of the most significant is a lack of standardized, objective data on population change. Several studies have failed to collect data in this manner. Another issue is the lack or ambiguity of how to measure population changes over the time. A lack of robust experimental plans is another challenge for program coordinators. They help them identify potential issues and budget time appropriately. Experiments that are controlled can be the most powerful tool for evaluating TNR's effectiveness. However, these studies are not common enough.
PMID: 8626505 by Carnemolla B., et al. Human tenascin-R: complete primary structure, pre-mRNA alternative splicing and gene localization on chromosome 1q23-q24.