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- Table of Contents
Facts about Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | TPH2 |
Uniprot: | Q8IWU9 |
Entrez: | 121278 |
Belongs to: |
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biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family |
ADHD7; EC 1.14.16; EC 1.14.16.4; FLJ37295; MGC138872; Neuronal tryptophan hydroxylase; NTPH; NTPHMGC138871; TPH2; tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 2; Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 2; Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2
Mass (kDA):
56.057 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 12q21.1 |
Sequence: | 12; NC_000012.12 (71938845..72032440) |
Brain specific.
If you are looking for information about Boster Bio: Anti-Phospho-Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (Ser19) Marker, you've come to the right place. Find out more about the benefits and uses of this product. Boster Bio's TPH2Marker may also interest you. This is a Boster Bio product. These products are useful for a variety of scientific uses.
This antibody detects TPH2, which is an enzyme found within the pineal gill. It catalyzes tryptophan's 5-hydroxylation, which is the first step in the biosynthesis indoleamines including serotonin. The pineal gland secretes melatonin and serotonin, which are both neurotransmitters. CaM K II, cAMP-dependent protein kinase II and AMPK increase activation of TPH.
This antibody detects Tryptophanhydroxylase activity in various cell and molecular applications. It is a member of the pterin-dependent aromatic acid hydroxylase (PDAOH) family. It is responsible for the biosynthesis and regulation of serotonin, a neurotransmitter essential for mood regulation. TPH2 is expressed mainly in the brain stem. It is also regulated by several genes, including the transport and monoamine. It also has oxidoreductase activity, iron ion binding, and other functions. It also has a paralog TPh2.
The TPH2 gene is located on the sunflower genetic map. This gene has a number of applications, including marker-assisted selection and further characterization of tocopherol biosynthesis in sunflower seeds. We will be discussing some of these potential applications and why they are important for plant biotechnology. The following sections will cover some of the more popular uses for the TPH2 indicator. These are also relevant for the study of human healthcare.
The TPH2 genome codes for a protein called tryptophan hydrolase (TPH). This protein is involved with the synthesis serotonin (5 HT). TPH2 polymorphisms are associated with a range of clinical populations characterized by emotional dysregulation. The NEO Personality Inventory (TPH2) and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire were used to test for associations between polymorphisms in TPH2 and personality disorders.
Although initially isolated from rabbit pineal glands in rats and rabbits, the TPH2 gene is now expressed in other tissues, including CNS. Although TPh2 is expressed primarily in peripheral tissues, TPH2 is expressed primarily in the CNS. Lampreys only have one copy of the gene, and it is expressed within the pineal gland, and diencephalic nodes. TPh2 may not be expressed in mammals due to a derived condition.
TPH2 proteins also were found to be expressed within a subset TBCs of type II. Furthermore, double immunostaining revealed that some of the TPH2-expressing cells did not express TRPM5, which indicates that they did not have TPH2 gene expression. These findings support the hypothesis that the TPH2 gene may have been duplicated in cyprinids. Its role as a taste regulator in salmonids is not yet known.
The present study provides a detailed overview of TPH2's distribution in the brain of rainbow-tailed trout. They show that these neurons are located predominantly in the SRa and IRa and are related to the genesis of the 5-HT system in the brainstem. However, despite the similarities between the two gene expression patterns, there is no homologue in tetrapod species. Most fish studies have confirmed the existence of pretectal, serotonergic nerves. However, Senegalese sole is unique.
TPH2 genes are a rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis. The levels of 5-HT will change if any of these factors are altered in the tissues. There are many uses for TPH2.
The TPH2 marker can be an important part of the genetics for depression. However it is not a perfect predictor. Although the TPH2 polymorphisms have been associated with depression, they are not consistent across families and populations. There are numerous different SNPs that can result in similar outcomes, including altered 5-HTExt and reduced neurotransmission of this neurotransmitter. TPH2 has genetics that are similar to phenylketonuria.
Recent research looked at the effects of different TPH2 variants upon the production of 5-HT. Mice with the Pro447 coding variation produced more 5-HT than mice with the Arg447 coding variety. The TPH2 Tyr41 mutation was associated with bipolar disorder. It reduced transcription efficiency and binding to transcription factors. The TPH2 variant does not appear have a causal influence on bipolar disorder symptoms.
Studies have shown the Tph2 genetic is linked to psychiatric disorders as well as a familial predisposition for ADHD. The brain's sensory system development is also affected by the Tph2 gene. Loss of function of the Tph2 gene can lead to the development of psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
TPH2 gene is an excellent marker for diagnosing depression. The marker is associated in decreased lever pressing when mice receive sucrose reward. More studies are being done to determine if Tph2 markers confer a greater vulnerability to chronic stressors. These rodent depression models have very little in common with human depression. The study was conducted in adult male rats and females carrying the TPH2 gene.
TPH2 genes are expressed in multiple areas of the brain. It is associated a wide range of neurotransmitters including the adenosinergic, as well as many other neurotransmitters. In rats with the TPH2 gene, the stress-mediated upregulation of Arc was completely suppressed. Other effects of the TPH2 gene on brain function are also known. This marker was found to increase neurotransmitter expression in rats, including depression-related neurotransmitters.
These findings suggest that TPH2 polymorphisms can be linked with fatigue. This genetic marker could be used to improve the treatment of IBS patients suffering from fatigue. The results are promising, and a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanism of fatigue may pave the way for individualized symptom management. And there are several other advantages of this gene marker, as well. TPH2 is a biomarker that can also be used to improve the management and control of IBS.
PMID: 12511643 by Walther D.J., et al. Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform.
PMID: 17905754 by Cichon S., et al. Brain-specific tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2): a functional Pro206Ser substitution and variation in the 5'-region are associated with bipolar affective disorder.