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- Table of Contents
Plan chromogenic TRIM25 IHC around the general cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Breast glandular cells show high staining (HPA tissue IHC); the IHC-validated antibody M03232 is shown at 1:50 (datasheet M03232).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | General cytoplasmic staining in tissue (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | General cytoplasmic staining across cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M03232) | |
| Positive control | Bone marrow+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
| Fixation | Keep tissue fixation consistent. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Ubiquitous; expressed in breast tumors (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No annotated isoforms; one 1–630 chain (UniProt) |
The catalog antibody has an IHC-P protocol (datasheet M03232). Published TRIM25 IHC methods provide examples for hepatocellular carcinoma tissue (PMC13079618) and prostate cancer tissue microarrays (PMC9408812).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M03232) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M03232); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M03232); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M03232) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit monoclonal (clone ADFG-20) anti-TRIM25, 1:50 (datasheet M03232) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M03232) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M03232) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | TRIM25-positive staining in hematopoietic cells of bone marrow (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
TRIM25 is generally cytoplasmic in tissue IHC (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression), with nuclear localization also reported (UniProt Q14258: nucleus). Expect stronger staining in breast glandular, bronchial respiratory epithelial, and bone marrow hematopoietic cells (HPA: High in each). TRIM25 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q14258: topology). HPA rates its tissue IHC Approved, with medium consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA: reliability).
| Cytoplasmic staining is strong in breast glandular cells or bronchial respiratory epithelial cells, with nearby cells differing in intensity. | This fits the reported tissue pattern (HPA: High in those cell types; general cytoplasmic expression). Score the relevant cell population and compartment, rather than treating every cell in a section as equally positive. HPA reports low tissue specificity overall, so staining elsewhere can also be genuine (HPA: RNA specificity). |
| Staining appears mainly at cell borders, in extracellular material, or as an isolated nuclear signal with no cytoplasmic staining. | A border or extracellular pattern conflicts with the expected intracellular distribution and lacks a transmembrane basis (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; UniProt Q14258: topology). Review it as possible artefact. Judge nuclear staining separately: UniProt lists the nucleus, while HPA ICC-IF calls nucleoplasm uncertain (UniProt Q14258: subcellular location; HPA: nucleoplasm uncertain). |
| Strong staining predominates in adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, or skeletal myocytes while expected positive cells are weak. | This reverses the reported contrast and warrants a specificity check (HPA: Not detected in those cell types; High in breast glandular and bone marrow hematopoietic cells). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible, not proven. HPA’s Not detected designation describes its observed staining; it does not establish an absolute biological absence. |
| Color coats the section diffusely, obscures cell boundaries, or appears across many compartments. | The expected pattern is interpretable within cells, chiefly cytoplasmic (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Diffuse color alone cannot identify TRIM25; assess background with an appropriate no-primary control and inspect detection and washing steps (general IHC practice). Interpret any faint tissue staining in light of HPA’s medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: reliability). |
| No signal appears in breast glandular cells or bone marrow hematopoietic cells. | Those cells are reported as High and provide useful comparison tissues (HPA: High in each). Absence there raises a technical or antibody-performance question before a biological conclusion. Check tissue preservation, retrieval and detection with appropriate controls (general IHC practice); the supplied sources do not establish TRIM25-specific fixation sensitivity. |
| Which tissue and cell population is scored? | HPA reports High staining in bone marrow hematopoietic, breast glandular, bronchial respiratory epithelial, colon endothelial, and duodenal glandular cells, while adipocytes and several muscle cell types are Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Identify the cell population before comparing intensities across sections. |
| How much weight should one IHC pattern carry? | The listed rabbit polyclonal antibody is IHC Approved, and HPA describes medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA: HPA005909 validation; reliability). These designations support using the pattern as a reference while leaving discordant staining open to control-based review; an IHC Enhanced designation is not supplied. |
| Does TRIM25 processing predict surface staining? | The record lists one 1–630 chain, no signal peptide or propeptide, and no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q14258: processing and topology). A dominant surface pattern therefore lacks support from this record; these features do not establish how a particular epitope survives tissue preparation. |
| IF/ICC Q: Where should TRIM25 appear? | A: HPA reports supported cytosolic localization, uncertain nucleoplasmic localization, and uncertain additional nuclear-body localization (HPA: ICC-IF subcellular summary). UniProt also lists cytoplasm, stress granules, and nucleus (UniProt Q14258: subcellular location). Use the separate IF/ICC guide for its workflow. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| A known HPA High cell population is blank. | The run may have lost detectable signal; the supplied evidence gives no TRIM25-specific fixation or retrieval sensitivity. | Confirm tissue identity, then review retrieval, primary-antibody application, detection reagents, and a working positive control (general IHC practice; HPA: High in breast glandular cells). |
| Every cell has similar diffuse color. | Background from detection chemistry or insufficient washing can obscure an intracellular pattern (general IHC practice). | Inspect a no-primary control, blocking and wash steps, and detection exposure before assigning cell-specific TRIM25 signal (general IHC practice; HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). |
| Adipocytes or myocytes stain more strongly than the expected positive population. | The result conflicts with HPA’s reported cell-type contrast; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity are possibilities (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes and myocytes). | Compare matched control sections and no-primary staining; reassess the labeled cell types before scoring the unexpected color as TRIM25 (general IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Signal outlines membranes or fills extracellular spaces. | That distribution is unsupported by the reported localization and topology (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; UniProt Q14258: no transmembrane segment). | Check control staining and section morphology, then score only signal assignable to intact cells (general IHC practice). |
| A section shows nuclear staining but little cytoplasmic signal. | Nuclear localization is plausible, although HPA’s nucleoplasm assignment is uncertain (UniProt Q14258: nucleus; HPA: nucleoplasm uncertain). | Confirm that nuclei and cytoplasm are distinguishable by counterstain and morphology; compare a positive tissue and control section before accepting a nuclear-only pattern (general IHC practice). |
| Low-level staining varies between tissues. | TRIM25 has low tissue specificity, but HPA reports distinct cell-level intensities and only medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: RNA specificity; tissue IHC; reliability). | Compare the same cell type and compartment across sections, record intensity separately from the fraction of stained cells, and avoid calling low signal absent solely because another tissue stains strongly (general IHC scoring practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Endothelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Cholangiocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Skeletal muscle | Myocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Smooth muscle | Smooth muscle cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Troubleshoot TRIM25 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections using the selected antibody’s tissue result, reported localisation, and appropriate section controls.
Anti-TRIM25 antibodies have IHC images from human breast and mammary cancer, human pancreatic cancer, and mouse stomach paraffin sections (catalog IHC captions); IF/ICC images show human cells (catalog IF/ICC captions).
M03232 has IHC images from human breast cancer and mouse stomach paraffin sections (M03232 IHC captions); A03232-1 has IHC images from human mammary and pancreatic cancer paraffin sections (A03232-1 IHC captions). A03232-2 has IF/ICC images from HeLa cells and lists human and mouse reactivity, with no IHC application listed (A03232-2 image captions and catalog applications/reactivity).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose M03232 for human breast cancer or mouse stomach paraffin sections at 1:50, or A03232-1 for human mammary or pancreatic cancer paraffin sections at 1 μg/mL (respective IHC captions). For IF/ICC, A03232-2 has HeLa cell images at 20 μg/mL (A03232-2 IF/ICC captions). For cross-species tissue IHC, M03232 is monoclonal and lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity, with IHC images for human and mouse only (M03232 catalog and IHC captions); the IHC captions do not report the fixative (M03232 and A03232-1 IHC captions).