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TRMT10C / tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog C · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for TRMT10C
Plan chromogenic IHC for TRMT10C with the IHC-validated antibody at 2–5 μg/ml (datasheet A09612-1). Use placenta decidual cells as a high-staining reference (HPA tissue IHC), and assess nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in light of the reported medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
TRMT10C Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining; high in decidual cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A09612-1) | |
| Positive control | Placenta+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining shows medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Low tissue specificity by RNA (HPA tissue RNA) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms listed; annotated chain spans residues 40–403 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended TRMT10C IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody's IHC-P protocol (datasheet A09612-1) is accompanied by two published TRMT10C IHC protocols (PMC12080399; PMC13276065).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast duct carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A09612-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A09612-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A09612-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A09612-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-TRMT10C, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A09612-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A09612-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A09612-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | TRMT10C-positive staining in decidual cells of placenta (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General nuclear and cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (datasheet A09612-1). Retrieval conditions are unstated in both published excerpts (PMC12080399; PMC13276065).
Section 2
What Is the Expected TRMT10C Staining Pattern?
TRMT10C is a soluble mitochondrial matrix and nucleoid protein with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q7L0Y3). In paraffin section IHC, expect cellular staining in HPA positive populations, strongest in placental decidual cells and moderate in several glandular populations (HPA tissue IHC: High in decidual cells; Medium in glandular cells). HPA describes a general nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue pattern, with Approved reliability and medium consistency with RNA data (HPA tissue IHC).
| Placental decidual cells stain strongly, with cytoplasmic signal; nearby cells vary. | This fits the strongest listed tissue and cell population (HPA tissue IHC: High in placental decidual cells). Mitochondrial enrichment is biologically plausible (UniProt Q7L0Y3: matrix and nucleoid). Chromogenic IHC alone may not resolve individual mitochondria (general IHC practice). |
| Colon, appendix, or cervical glandular cells show moderate staining. | These are listed positive populations (HPA tissue IHC: Medium in glandular cells of colon, appendix, and cervix). Compare the named cell population, not the whole organ. HPA also reports a general nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue pattern, so cytoplasmic staining need not appear as discrete puncta (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Staining is predominantly extracellular or outlines cell membranes. | That distribution conflicts with the reported matrix and nucleoid location and absence of a transmembrane segment (UniProt Q7L0Y3). Treat it as a possible artefact and check controls before scoring. Nuclear signal alone is less decisive because HPA reports nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). |
| An HPA listed negative cell population stains as strongly as decidual cells. | Check the exact cell type: adipocytes in adipose tissue and cholangiocytes in liver are listed as Not detected, without establishing that every cell in those organs is negative (HPA tissue IHC). Strong staining there raises concern for cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; a no-primary control helps distinguish these possibilities (general IHC practice). |
| Color appears broadly across tissue and blank areas, or the positive population has no signal. | Widespread color without cellular definition suggests background from the detection workflow (general IHC practice). Absent signal in placental decidual cells conflicts with their reported High staining (HPA tissue IHC); first assess tissue preservation, retrieval, detection controls, and antibody dilution as general IHC checks. |
💡Expected TRMT10C appearanceCall a section positive when placental decidual cells show strong, cell-associated staining compatible with cytoplasmic mitochondrial localization (HPA tissue IHC: High; UniProt Q7L0Y3: matrix and nucleoid); diffuse extracellular color or membrane outlines warrant an artefact check (general IHC practice).
| Compartment and optical resolution | TRMT10C is assigned to the mitochondrial matrix and nucleoids and lacks a transmembrane segment (UniProt Q7L0Y3). These facts guide compartment checks, while a chromogenic paraffin section may not resolve mitochondria (general IHC practice). Avoid requiring visible puncta for every positive cell. |
| Cell population and staining strength | Decidual cells are High; listed glandular, hematopoietic, basal, and neuronal populations are Medium (HPA tissue IHC). Other listed populations are Low or Not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Select and score the specified cell type rather than using an organ-wide positive or negative label. |
| Evidence behind a nuclear signal | HPA tissue IHC describes general nuclear and cytoplasmic expression (HPA tissue IHC). Its ICC-IF record supports mitochondria as the main location but marks additional nucleoplasm localization uncertain (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). A nuclear IHC component therefore needs cautious interpretation; it does not by itself establish nucleoplasmic TRMT10C. |
| Antibody validation and protein processing | The listed antibody HPA036671 is IHC Approved, not reported here as IHC Enhanced (HPA antibodies). UniProt lists a 40–403 chain but supplies no antibody epitope position in this payload (UniProt Q7L0Y3). The record cannot predict whether processing changes this antibody’s staining. |
| IF/ICC Q&A: what localization should an IF image support? | Mainly mitochondrial signal; additional nucleoplasmic localization remains uncertain (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). This is localization evidence for interpreting images, not an IF protocol or a reason to demand resolved mitochondrial puncta in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No stain in placental decidual cells. | The result conflicts with the reported High population (HPA tissue IHC); a workflow failure is possible (general IHC practice). | Confirm the correct cells are present, then check the positive control, retrieval conditions, antibody dilution, and detection reagents (general IHC practice). |
| Moderate glandular staining is called negative because it is weaker than placenta. | HPA assigns Medium to glandular cells in colon, appendix, and cervix, versus High in decidual cells (HPA tissue IHC). | Score intensity within the identified cell population and compare with an appropriate positive section processed alongside it (general IHC practice). |
| Color persists in a no-primary control. | Endogenous detection activity or nonspecific detection reagents can create signal without primary antibody (general IHC practice). | Review enzyme blocking and detection steps; repeat the no-primary control before attributing tissue color to TRMT10C (general IHC practice). |
| Most of the section has diffuse haze. | Background can obscure cell-associated staining and its distribution (general IHC practice). | Check blocking, washes, primary antibody dilution, and detection exposure against controls; judge specific signal only after background is reduced (general IHC practice). |
| Only a sharp nuclear signal appears. | Its significance is uncertain: HPA tissue IHC reports nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, while ICC-IF marks nucleoplasm uncertain (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | Compare with the expected positive cell population and controls; do not infer a confirmed nucleoplasmic location from nuclear IHC alone (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining appears in adipocytes or liver cholangiocytes. | Those specific populations are listed as Not detected (HPA tissue IHC); cross-reactivity or detection background is possible (general IHC practice). | Verify cell identity, inspect no-primary staining, and compare with placental decidual cells on the same run (HPA tissue IHC: High in decidual cells; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing TRMT10C staining
A09612-1 · IHCIHC analysis of TRMT10C using anti-TRMT10C antibody (A09612-1). TRMT10C was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human breast duct car
A09612-1 · IHCIHC analysis of TRMT10C using anti-TRMT10C antibody (A09612-1). TRMT10C was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human liver cancer ti
A09612-1 · IFIF analysis of TRMT10C using anti-TRMT10C antibody (A09612-1). TRMT10C was detected in an immunocytochemical section of A549 cells. Enzyme a
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000174173-TRMT10C/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_8741476
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000174173-TRMT10C/tissue/colon#imid_8741394
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000174173-TRMT10C/tissue/liver#imid_8741403
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000174173-TRMT10C/tissue/kidney#imid_8741396
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA036671; green = TRMT10C, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA036671; green = TRMT10C, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for TRMT10C IHC & IF
🧪Run placenta first and look for TRMT10C staining in decidual cells (HPA: High in decidual cells). Use adipose tissue adipocytes as the negative comparison (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the positive slide, any cells judged negative should show counterstain and background only, without a convincing mitochondrial staining pattern (UniProt: mitochondrial matrix; standard IHC interpretation).
Positive control tissue: Placenta (Decidual cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show TRMT10C in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Mitochondria (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a matched rabbit IgG isotype control; and, if available, TRMT10C knockout tissue or a validated peptide-block control (selected-SKU caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase and check background on the placenta section before scoring DAB staining (selected-SKU caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected-SKU paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (selected-SKU caption). That caption reports heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, so retrieval conditions need verification for the chosen sections (selected-SKU caption). For IF/ICC, HPA supports mitochondrial localisation and lists ICC-IF images, but the supplied evidence does not establish that IF or frozen sections are easier; on placenta IHC, endogenous peroxidase can complicate DAB scoring (HPA: mitochondria supported; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for TRMT10C
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placenta | Decidual cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Basal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Cholangiocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced TRMT10C IHC Tips
Troubleshoot TRMT10C staining in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s tissue IHC conditions, with IF as a complementary localisation check.
Which retrieval conditions should I start with for TRMT10C paraffin IHC?
Start with heat mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet A09612-1). The selected tissue section was then blocked with 10% goat serum and incubated with 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C (caption A09612-1). Keep section thickness, heating time and cooling conditions consistent across a comparison series, and include a section processed without primary antibody to assess detection background. If staining is weak, adjust heating duration in small increments while checking tissue morphology and background on every slide. Record retrieval conditions alongside staining intensity so an apparent expression difference is not mistaken for a processing difference.
Could fixation explain weak or uneven TRMT10C staining?
Target specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected paraffin section caption does not state its fixative (caption A09612-1). Record the fixative, fixation duration and delay before fixation for each specimen, then compare sections processed together before attributing weak staining to biological expression. Uneven staining near the tissue edge can reflect processing or reagent coverage, so inspect morphology and compare interior regions under the same retrieval and detection conditions. Use a known staining section in each run to distinguish a run failure from a specimen specific result; decidual cells offer a reported high staining reference (HPA: High in placental decidual cells). Do not infer fixation tolerance from TRMT10C topology or phosphorylation (UniProt Q7L0Y3).
What staining pattern fits TRMT10C in chromogenic IHC?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining compatible with a mitochondrial protein, while recognizing that DAB may not resolve individual mitochondria in a paraffin section (UniProt Q7L0Y3: mitochondrial matrix and nucleoids; HPA subcellular: mitochondria supported). HPA tissue IHC also reports general nuclear and cytoplasmic expression, so nuclear colour alone is insufficient to assign a TRMT10C compartment (HPA tissue IHC: general nuclear and cytoplasmic expression). Inspect staining at matched magnification with the counterstain kept consistent, and compare the same cell type across sections. If nuclear staining dominates, check no primary controls and consider an independent antibody or IF localisation check. Report cytoplasmic and nuclear staining separately rather than collapsing them into one score.
How should epitope uncertainty affect retrieval and staining interpretation?
The supplied record lists 0 isoforms and a processed chain spanning residues 40–403, but provides no antibody epitope coordinates (UniProt Q7L0Y3). It also lists phosphoserine at residue 84 and a SAM dependent methyltransferase domain at residues 191–383; neither establishes whether the catalog antibody recognizes a modification sensitive epitope (UniProt Q7L0Y3). Begin with the documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 2 μg/ml primary concentration before varying conditions (caption A09612-1). Compare staining after one change at a time, using identical detection and counterstain settings. Avoid assigning different staining patterns to isoforms or processing unless independent epitope or protein evidence supports that explanation.
How can IF clarify an ambiguous IHC localisation result?
Use IF as a localisation check when DAB staining cannot resolve the expected mitochondrial pattern (UniProt Q7L0Y3: mitochondrial matrix and nucleoids; HPA subcellular: mitochondria supported). Multiplex TRMT10C with a mitochondrial marker and, when evaluating tissue cell identity, a marker for the expected cell type; HPA reports high staining in placental decidual cells (HPA tissue IHC: High in decidual cells). Choose a fluorophore in a channel with low tissue autofluorescence and inspect single stain controls before interpreting overlap. Because TRMT10C is assigned to the matrix, use permeabilisation sufficient to access an internal mitochondrial antigen, while recognizing that this antibody’s epitope coordinates are unspecified (UniProt Q7L0Y3). Keep the IF conclusion separate from chromogenic IHC scoring.
What should I check when TRMT10C DAB background obscures cells?
Run a no primary section and inspect whether colour persists in tissue compartments or along section edges before changing the TRMT10C antibody concentration. The selected workflow used 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml rabbit primary overnight at 4°C, a peroxidase conjugated secondary for 30 minutes at 37°C, and DAB development (caption A09612-1). Apply an endogenous peroxidase block as a general chromogenic IHC step and check that washes fully cover each section; neither step establishes target specific expression. If background rises with primary antibody, compare a lower concentration or shorter incubation on adjacent sections. Judge any improvement against a positive reference and preserved morphology, not background reduction alone.
How should I score TRMT10C staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and tissue region before scoring, then report the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity within that population. An H-score can combine percentages at intensity levels 0–3 into a 0–300 score; document thresholds and score cytoplasmic and nuclear signals separately. Alternatively, measure positive cell density per mm² of viable tissue when cell counts are the primary endpoint, and normalize signal to the number or area of eligible cells. Exclude folds, necrosis and edge artefacts using the same rules for every slide. Include a same run reference because the selected antibody’s staining depends on EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and its documented detection sequence (caption A09612-1).
How can I distinguish convincing TRMT10C staining from artefact?
Look for reproducible signal in intact cells with a cytoplasmic pattern compatible with mitochondrial localisation, and treat dominant nuclear staining cautiously (UniProt Q7L0Y3: mitochondrial matrix and nucleoids; HPA subcellular: mitochondrial localisation supported, nucleoplasmic localisation uncertain). Compare the stained cell type with documented tissue patterns: decidual cells are high, whereas adipocytes and liver cholangiocytes were not detected in the listed HPA samples (HPA tissue IHC). Check whether signal tracks section edges, folds or necrotic areas, and exclude those regions from interpretation. Persistent DAB colour without primary antibody suggests detection background, including possible endogenous enzyme activity. Resolve a disputed result with matched processing, a second antibody or IF localisation, and report the HPA tissue IHC assessment as approved with medium RNA consistency (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best TRMT10C / tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog C IHC Antibodies
A09612-1 has human IHC data from paraffin-embedded carcinoma sections and IF data from A549 cells and paraffin-embedded carcinoma sections (catalog image captions; catalog reactivity: Human).
Real IHC data
Anti-TRMT10C Antibody ®
Cat # A09612-1
A09612-1 was tested for IHC in human paraffin-embedded breast duct, liver, lung and lung squamous cell carcinoma sections (A09612-1 IHC image captions). The same SKU has IF images from A549 cells and human paraffin-embedded rectal and ovarian carcinoma sections (A09612-1 IF image captions).
Which to pick: Choose A09612-1 for human tissue IHC; its own captions document paraffin sections, while the fixative and antibody clonality are unreported (A09612-1 IHC image captions; catalog reactivity: Human). Choose A09612-1 for IF/ICC based on its listed applications and IF images (catalog applications; A09612-1 IF image captions). No cross-species option is supported by this catalog payload (catalog reactivity: Human).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q7L0Y3 (TM10C_HUMAN, tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog C).
- Human Protein Atlas. TRMT10C tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. TRMT10C subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the mitochondria. In addition localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. TRMT10C antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- De-succinylation-induced accumulation of TRMT10C in the nucleus plays a detrimental role in coronary microembolization via its m1A modification function. International journal of biological sciences 2025 — PMC12080399.
- Targeting N(1)-methyladenosine modification in osteoblasts through tRNA methyltransferase 10C reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorates osteoporosis. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2026 — PMC13276065.
- The m6A/m5C/m1A regulator genes signature reveals the prognosis and is related with immune microenvironment for hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC gastroenterology 2023 — PMC10173529.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10508479 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for TRMT10C (tRNA methyltransferase 10 homolog C). Expected localisation Nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A09612-1). Validated IHC antibody: A09612-1 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Placenta (Decidual cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human breast duct carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A09612-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A09612-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A09612-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A09612-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-TRMT10C, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A09612-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A09612-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining shows medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms listed; annotated chain spans residues 40–403 (UniProt); Regulation: Low tissue specificity by RNA (HPA tissue RNA). Evidence: UniProt Q7L0Y3, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the mitochondria. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet A09612-1, PMC12080399, PMC13276065. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/TRMT10C/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.