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- Table of Contents
Facts about Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2.
Has a top bile-binding ability. .
Human | |
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Gene Name: | AKR1C2 |
Uniprot: | P52895 |
Entrez: | 1646 |
Belongs to: |
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aldo/keto reductase family |
aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2; aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C2 (dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 2; bile acidbinding protein; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type III); BABP; Chlordecone reductase homolog HAKRD; DD; DD-2; DD2DD/BABP; DDH2FLJ53800; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 2; Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase/bile acid-binding protein; EC 1.1.1,3-alpha-HSD3; EC 1.1.1.213; EC 1.3.1.20; HAKRDAKR1C-pseudo; HBAB; MCDR2; pseudo-chlordecone reductase; Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase; type II dihydrodiol dehydrogenase; Type III 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Mass (kDA):
36.735 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 10p15.1 |
Sequence: | 10; NC_000010.11 (4987775..5018033, complement) |
Expressed in fetal testes. Expressed in fetal and adult adrenal glands.
Cytoplasm.
If you're researching AKR1C2, you've probably already heard of Boster Bio. Boster provides high-affinity primary antibodies that are well cited for their use in Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. They are also backed by Boster Bio's renowned expertise in the field. Listed below are just a few of the most important uses of the AKR1C2 Marker.
The AKR1C2 gene is found in many organisms, including humans. It is one of the first known lncRNAs. Researchers have found that mutations in this gene lead to a reduction in the number of pups. The gene is also associated with prolonged estrous cycles, pseudopregnancy, and pregnancy. Scientists have used this marker to study the effects of these insects on plants.
AKR1C1 plays an oncogenic role in cholangiocarcinoma. Its expression levels are low in non-cancerous tissues but high in CCA. AKR1C1 is detected in different tissues using CCK8 assay and RT-PCR. Boster Bio: Best Uses Of The AKR1C2 Marker
The AKR1C2 gene is found in a range of organisms, including humans and yeast. It is the cDNA for human aldose reductase and is the second most abundant AKR gene in human cells. The enzyme is involved in the breakdown of phenols and other toxic compounds. However, it is not known how to use AKR1C2 in humans. However, the AKR1C2 gene promoter region is a great target for biomedical researchers, including cancer research.
The AKR1C2 Marker is a unique genetic marker for a variety of diseases and cell types. This gene is directly regulated by FoxM1, a novel transcription factor in the CCA. There are many possible applications for this marker in research. Here are some examples. Read on to discover the best uses for this AKR1C2 antibody.
AKR1C1 is a type of lncRNA. It is the first lncRNA identified in the human genome. In many cancer research studies, AKR1C1 is used to assess the effects of chemotherapy on cancer cells. Boster Bio: Best Uses Of The AKR1C2 Marker
This gene is regulated by the protein FoxM1 and acts as an oncogene in human malignant tumors. It is also known to be involved in the metabolism of carcinogens. By inhibiting FoxM1 expression, it has been associated with a decrease in tumor growth. The drug avasimibe inhibits this signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cells.
Although AKR1C2 gene polymorphisms are not essential in regulating the secretion and production of renin, they are related to the development of disease. Future studies are required to improve our understanding of the gene. There must be consistent findings before this marker can be adopted for clinical use. Only then will the AKR1C gene polymorphisms be useful in human trials.
Molecular biology applications of the AKR1C2 marker are numerous. This gene is a candidate for use in several tests, including genetic testing, DNA fingerprinting, and metabolomic analysis. BAC subclones of AKR1C are available for sequencing, but some sequences do not contain the entire gene. In order to determine the precise gene location, a linkage map containing a sequence from BAC subclones has to be created.
AKR1C2 is a positive regulator of liver cancer metastasis and drug metabolism. It also inhibits the sensitivity of certain anticancer drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil. However, since the gene is only rarely expressed in thyroid cancer, its role in prognosis is unknown. In addition, further studies are needed to establish its significance in thyroid cancer.
In this study, plasmid expressing the AKR1C2 gene was used to inhibit cellular proliferation induced by 10 nmol/L of DHT. Both AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 could suppress the proliferation of PC-3 cells in the presence of DHT or R1881 but could not inhibit cellular proliferation in the presence of pcDNA3.1(+)AKR1C2.
PDGF-A is a protein encoded by the PDGF gene. It can interact with the a or b receptor-presenting cells. This protein is expressed in embryonic and postnatal tissues. Activated PDGF-A and PDGF-B have multiple functions and are potential therapeutic targets for cardiac pathologies. Here are some reasons why they may be useful therapeutically.
PDGF-B and AKR1C2 are two proteins that can promote cardiac regeneration. In a recent study, researchers used peptide nanofibers with PDGF-B to prevent apoptosis. The nanofibers inhibited caspase-3 activation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Moreover, peptide nanofibers with PDGF-BB activated Akt in myocardium, a key component in regulating survival signaling.
These two proteins regulate a variety of cellular processes, including growth and aging. A significant portion of the AKR1C1 gene is regulated by FoxM1, a newly discovered transcription factor. AKR1C1 is directly regulated by FoxM1 in the CCA. A study conducted at Boster Bio found that AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 are regulated by the same cellular factors.
In order to test the effectiveness of AKR1C1 promoter reporters, we first amplified a 1660 bp fragment of the gene's 5' flanking sequence. Then, we transfected the plasmids into ST cells and PK cells for 24 to 48 hours. The transfection efficiency was compared to that of a negative control, which is the pGL3-basic plasmid.
AKR1C1 is a member of the AKR superfamily, comprising aldo-keto reductase (AKR) enzymes. AKR1C1 catalyzes NADPH-dependent reductions. It plays important roles in the metabolism of various metabolites and intermediates. Among these are glucocorticoids, glutathione conjugates, and phospholipid aldehydes.
The AKR1C2 marker was previously identified only in tumors of the lung and esophageal duct. Its expression has recently been shown to be associated with the chemoresistance of tumors, and its overexpression has been correlated with cancer stem cells. In addition, it has been found to be associated with columnar epithelium and the development of metastases in bladder cancer.
The AKR1C1 marker has also been associated with a high expression of bladder cancer cells in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. This protein was expressed in bladder cancer tumors from a total of 25 patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the level of AKR1C1 expression in the cancer cells. The analysis of IHC was used to identify metastatic and primary bladder tumors in patients with AKR1C1-dependent cancer.
AKR1C2 is expressed in ovarian cancer cells and may promote the metabolism of progesterone. The study also revealed a correlation between this enzyme and progesterone resistance. It is worth noting that this enzyme is also expressed in human breast cancer. This is consistent with other studies that have implicated it in ovarian cancer. It was also associated with a reduction in the activity of estrogen, which is important for pregnancy and early pregnancy.
The AKR1C1 gene belongs to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. AKR1C1s catalyze the oxidation of carbonyl groups to mono and dihydric alcohols. These enzymes are involved in detoxification and in metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and steroid hormones. The four members of this subfamily are highly expressed in human cancer cells.
Detection of AKR1 in tumors may help to understand the mechanism of autophagy and its role in the development of cancer. AKR1C1/C2 inhibits cell proliferation by interfering with BNIP3 metabolism and NDRG1 expression. Furthermore, AKR1C1/C2 is associated with an increase in EDHB, an extracellular substance that resembles PAHs. Detection of AKR1C1 in tumors may offer chemoprevention guidelines.
Detection of AKR1CR3 and AKR1C1 in tumors has implications for the treatment of patients with EAC. These genes are implicated in several types of cancer and contribute to the resistance to many treatments. However, their role in EAC is unknown. It is important to note that the expression levels of AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 are associated with poor overall survival.
PMID: 8274401 by Qin K.-N., et al. Molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding human enzymes structurally related to 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
PMID: 8011662 by Ciaccio P.J., et al. cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences of a human colon dihydrodiol dehydrogenase.