CCN family member 2 Antibodies

CCN family member 2 (CCN2)

Major connective tissue mitoattractant secreted by vascular endothelial cells. Promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes.

Mediates heparin- and divalent cation-dependent cell adhesion in many cell types including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CCN2
Uniprot:	P29279
Entrez:	1490

Family

Belongs to:
CCN family

Alternative Names

CCN family member 2

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
38.091 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	6q23.2
Sequence:	6; NC_000006.12 (131948176..131951372, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in bone marrow and thymic cells. Also expressed one of two Wilms tumors tested.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. Secreted.

Interacting Proteins

• ESR1
• ESR2
• FN1

PTMs

• Disulfide bond

• Glycoprotein

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CCN2

Best Uses of the CCN2 Marker

If you're looking for the best uses for the CCN2 marker, read on to learn more about the benefits of this molecule. This marker can be used to diagnose four conditions: Fibrous tissue, inflammation, thrombosis and thrombosis. Learn more about Boster Bio's custom service, including BeNeLux delivery. BosterBio can be a valuable tool in your arsenal, no matter your medical condition.

Fibrous tissue

CCN2 is a marker in matricellular proteins that plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and repair. Dysregulated CCN2 is associated with various diseases, including cancer, pulmonary fibrillis, and cardiovascular disease. Genetic manipulation of the CCN2 gene has been used to determine if CCN2 expression is linked with lung fibrosis. CCN2 expression can be reduced using siRNA. This results in lower expression of profibrotic markers.

CCN2 can also help diagnose and monitor fibrosis. CCN2 has been proven to be a useful biomarker in fibrosis diagnosis and monitoring by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. CCN2 detection by ELISAs has a wide range if applications, including diabetes, clinical trials of drugs for fibrosis, and other medical conditions.

After bleomycin treatment, mice without the CCN2 gene had significant decreases in pulmonary fibrillation and interstitial scarring. CCN2-deficient mice were compared to wildtype or CCN2 knockout mice. Mice bleomycin-treated mice displayed a marked reduction in fibrotic scores compared to wildtype controls. Mice with bleomycin-induced CCN2 mutation showed lower levels of PAH, COL1a2 and other toxins in their lungs than wildtype mice.

TGF-b signalling selectively inducing the CCN2 marker. Although it is not a direct fibrotic factor CCN2 is necessary to create a fibrotic environment for experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Its downregulation reduces the TGF-b-induced profibrotic response, and it prevents interstitial fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Thrombosis

The CCC2 marker can be used to detect arterial thrombosis. CCN2 is a cysteine rich protein with a molecular mass of 36 to 38kDa. It belongs to the CCN family. Six members make up CCN, and each member has 30 to 50 percent homology in amino acid sequences and 40 to 60% homology in nucleotide sequences.

The bone-repair tissues secrete the CCN2 protein. This protein plays a role in bone regeneration. It also promotes osteoblast growth and differentiation in vitro. ADAM TS5 is also responsible for cartilaginous ECM decay. CCN2 plays an important role in the development of and maintenance articular cartilage.

Patients with Behcet’s Disease had higher levels CCN2, especially those who had major organ involvement. CCN2 levels were decreased by steroids and cyclophosphamide. This study could lead the way to new treatments for BD. To determine the role CCN2 has in thrombosis, further research is required. Although the CCN2 indicator is not a test for the presence or absence of thrombosis in itself, it is useful in identifying the disease.

CCN2 expression in patients with severe oral tissue injury can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect oral thrombosis. CCN2 expression is present in both the mouth and dermal tissues of smokers. It plays a key role in tissue regeneration and is abundantly encapsulated within platelets. It is also responsible for increasing the production of type I collagen in fibroblasts as well as periodontal ligament cells.

CCN2 is vital for the homeostasis and maintenance of healthy vascular walls in humans. Depletion of CCN2 results in rapid development of aortic aneurysms and rupture. CCN2 neutralization was also effective in Ang II-induced aortic rupturing. There are also many studies that support the positive effects of CCN2 on the blood vessels of humans.

Studies have shown CCN2 may play a part in articular cartilage. It has been implicated with osteoarthritis. It is vital for patients suffering from osteoarthritis to have a high quality life. In societies all over the world, a promising therapeutic strategy has been identified. Osteoarthritis causes articular damage to the cartilage. The chondrocytes attempt to reproduce and create CCN2 in order to repair the damage.

Metastasis

TSCC cells expressing the CCN2 marker were enhanced in invasion, migration, and metastasis. These results suggest a link between CCN2 expression and cell adhesion. Cell adhesion relies on protein interactions in an extracellular domain. Cell adhesion is a process that results from cell-cell interaction induced by extracellular stimuli, such as matrix production and activation of adhesion pathways triggered by integrins. Cell attachment and cell detachment are also important outcomes of this process. CCN2's role in cell migration is therefore important for the study and treatment of cancer metastasis.

CCN2 was added either to 5% CO2 or 95% oxygen in order to determine its function in cell adhesion. The timelapse video microscope system used a 409 oil objective lens to measure cell adhesion. Also, cell adhesion to the CCN2-coated surfaces was evaluated. R&D Systems purchased an anti TGF-b antibody.

CCN2 is responsible for the proliferation of two mesenchymal-derived stem cell lines, CAL27 or TSCCA. CCK-8 was used to measure TSCC cells proliferation. Also, colony-formation tests were conducted with these cell lines. CCN2 expression was also determined by Western blot and qRTPCR. The results were obtained from three independent experiments with the TSCC, mesenchymal and mesenchymal conditioned media.

Inflammation

CCN2 is a secreted protein found in several body fluids. It has been detected in serum, cerebrospinal, follicular, uterine, and urine. Serum CCN2 levels have been associated with severity of inflammation and fibrosis. More research is needed to confirm the importance of this marker for inflammation.

The CCN2 family of proteins is a relatively novel family of multi-functional proteins that mediate cellular signaling. The six members of CCN share four modules and similar sequences to insulin-like growth factors-binding proteins, von Willebrand type C module, thrombospondin 1 repeat, and insulin-like growth protein-binding proteins. The classical member of the CCN family, CCN2/CTGF, shares significant sequence similarities with CCN1/Cyr61.

Researchers have discovered CCN2 to be an important biomarker for inflammation. It could be useful in fibrosis as well as hepatic fibris. The serum CCN2 levels can be used for identifying patients with the first stage hepatitis B. CCN2 can also be used to distinguish between mild or severe fibrosis. This biomarker can be used as a diagnostic tool.

Numerous arthritic diseases have been linked to CCN2 markers. It has been detected in both experimental and clinical OA models. The development extracellular matrixes (ECMs) and inflammatory stimuli are both related. It is known that TGFb regulates CCN2 in a way that is not obvious. Moreover, there is evidence that the CCN2 gene responds to TGF-b.