ANAPC2 / Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 · IHC design guide

Design Immunohistochemistry for ANAPC2

Plan chromogenic ANAPC2 IHC on paraffin sections using a human-reactive, IHC-validated antibody (datasheet A06153-1). Expect nuclear staining in a subset of cells, with high staining reported in rectal glandular cells and tonsil germinal center cells (HPA tissue IHC).

Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ANAPC2 (IHC for ANAPC2): expected localisation Nuclear staining in a subset of tissue cells (HPA tissue IHC), antibody A06153-1, validated IHC image, and IHC protocol steps
Printable ANAPC2 IHC protocol sheet — expected localisation Nuclear staining in a subset of tissue cells (HPA tissue IHC), antibody A06153-1, controls and protocol steps. Open the full ANAPC2 IHC guide →

ANAPC2 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide

Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.

Must know before staining
Expected localisation Nuclear staining in a subset of tissue cells (HPA tissue IHC)
Staining pattern Some glandular and germinal center cells stain in the nucleus (HPA tissue IHC)
Antigen retrieval EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A06153-1)
Positive control ⓘ Appendix+4 more · see all
Negative control ⓘ Adipose tissue+4 more · see all
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
Fixation Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific)
Caveat Staining has medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC)
Regulation Staining-intensity regulation is unreported (UniProt)
Isoform / epitope 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt)
Section 1

Recommended ANAPC2 IHC & IF Protocols

The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A06153-1) is accompanied by one published CD34/ANAPC2 dual-color IHC protocol (PMC5609928).

Recommended immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) protocol parameters
SampleParaffin-embedded human rectal cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06153-1)
FixationImage fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06153-1); verify before use.
Sectioning4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard)
DeparaffinisationXylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard)
Antigen retrievalHeat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A06153-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard)
Peroxidase block3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard)
Blocking10% goat serum (datasheet A06153-1)
Primary antibodyRabbit anti-ANAPC2, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A06153-1)
Primary incubationOvernight at 4 °C (datasheet A06153-1)
DetectionStreptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A06153-1)
CounterstainHematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard)
Expected resultANAPC2-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Nuclear expression in a subset of cells of several different tissues. No signal in the no-primary control.
💡Decision noteStart with EDTA pH 8.0 heat retrieval (datasheet: A06153-1); citrate pH 6.0 is the published alternative (PMC5609928).
Section 2

What Is the Expected ANAPC2 Staining Pattern?

In paraffin-section IHC, expect nuclear staining in subsets of cells across several tissues, including colon glandular cells and lymph-node germinal-center cells (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA rates the tissue profile Enhanced, while reporting medium consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). ICC-IF places ANAPC2 mainly in the nucleoplasm, with additional mitochondrial localization (HPA subcellular). A membrane pattern is unexpected because ANAPC2 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology).

What am I looking at on my slide?
Distinct nuclear chromogen in a subset of colon glandular cells or lymph-node germinal-center cells.This fits the reported tissue IHC pattern: both cell populations are scored High, and staining need not appear in every cell (HPA tissue IHC). Judge the relevant cell population and compartment together; tissue-wide colour alone cannot establish a correct ANAPC2 pattern (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular).
Predominantly membranous or broad cytoplasmic colour with little nuclear staining.Treat this as a possible staining artefact and review antibody specificity and detection controls. HPA reports nuclear tissue staining and mainly nucleoplasmic ICC-IF localization; ICC-IF also reports mitochondria, so a small extranuclear signal alone is inconclusive (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Membrane enrichment lacks support from the no-transmembrane topology (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology).
Strong colour in adipocytes or skeletal-muscle myocytes while reference positive cells are weak.Investigate cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic activity before calling those cells ANAPC2-positive (general IHC practice). HPA reports ANAPC2 as Not detected in those specific cell populations, versus High in several glandular and germinal-center populations (HPA tissue IHC). Other cells within the same tissue have not been ruled out by those entries.
Diffuse colour covers nuclei, cytoplasm, and surrounding section with poor cell boundaries.The distribution is difficult to score as specific nuclear staining (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). Check the no-primary control, blocking, washes, detection background, and chromogen development as general IHC troubleshooting steps; HPA supplies a localization reference, not a target-specific cause of diffuse background (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
No nuclear signal in colon glandular cells or tonsil germinal-center cells.These are useful reference populations because HPA scores each High, but its profile describes staining in a subset of cells (HPA tissue IHC). Check section preservation, retrieval, antibody dilution, detection, and counterstain using routine IHC controls (general IHC practice). Absence in one section alone does not prove ANAPC2 is absent.
💡Expected ANAPC2 appearanceCall the IHC result consistent when a subset of appropriate cells shows clear nuclear staining, especially High-scored colon glandular or tonsil germinal-center cells; diffuse background, dominant membrane colour, or strong signal in HPA Not detected reference cell types raises concern (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular; UniProt Q9UJX6 topology).
How each factor affects the staining
Cell population and tissue choiceHPA scores appendix, colon, duodenum, and rectum glandular cells High; stomach glandular cells are Medium (HPA tissue IHC). Compare like cell populations when selecting a positive reference, since an entire tissue section contains more than one population (general IHC practice).
Subcellular referenceHPA tissue IHC describes nuclear expression in subsets of cells; ICC-IF supports a mainly nucleoplasmic location and approves additional mitochondrial localization (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). The ICC-IF observation helps interpret localization but does not itself validate a paraffin-section staining pattern.
Antibody-specific validationCAB018692 has Enhanced IHC status, whereas HPA066539 has no supplied IHC status; both have Approved ICC status (HPA antibodies). The tissue profile has Enhanced reliability with medium staining-to-RNA consistency (HPA tissue IHC). Apply these ratings only to the stated HPA evidence, not automatically to another catalog antibody.
Topology and processingANAPC2 has no transmembrane segment or signal peptide, and its recorded chain spans residues 1–822 (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology and processing). These annotations offer no basis for expecting a cell-surface or shed-protein IHC pattern; they do not identify the antibody epitope.
Isoform coverageUniProt lists two ANAPC2 isoforms (UniProt Q9UJX6 isoforms). If an antibody gives an unexpected pattern, check its documented immunogen or epitope against the isoforms before making an isoform-specific interpretation (general IHC practice); the supplied record gives no epitope or isoform-specific staining result.
Why is my staining missing, weak or wrong?
SituationLikely causeNext action
Expected positive reference cells show no chromogen.A missed population, weak assay detection, or a routine section-processing problem may explain the result; HPA reports staining in subsets rather than all cells (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).Locate the relevant colon glandular or tonsil germinal-center cells first (HPA tissue IHC). Then review the IHC-validated antibody's documented dilution and retrieval conditions and verify detection with routine controls (general IHC practice).
The whole section looks positive, including HPA Not detected reference cells.Nonspecific antibody binding or endogenous detection activity can produce misleading chromogen (general IHC practice). HPA's Not detected entries apply to named cells, such as adipocytes and cardiomyocytes (HPA tissue IHC).Compare the named cell populations, inspect a no-primary control, and check blocking, washes, and chromogen development (general IHC practice). Do not score every cell in a tissue as negative solely from one HPA cell-type entry.
Colour is mainly membranous or strongly cytoplasmic.This diverges from nuclear tissue IHC and mainly nucleoplasmic ICC-IF observations (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). UniProt reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology).Review controls and antibody specificity before scoring the signal (general IHC practice). Interpret any limited mitochondrial-looking signal cautiously: that additional localization is reported for ICC-IF, not established here as an IHC scoring rule (HPA subcellular).
Stomach glandular cells stain less strongly than colon glandular cells.That contrast agrees with HPA's Medium score for stomach glandular cells and High score for colon glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC).Score each named cell population against its own HPA reference before changing assay conditions (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). If both are unexpectedly blank, investigate assay controls and documented IHC conditions (general IHC practice).
Two antibodies give different nuclear staining patterns.Antibody performance or epitope recognition may differ (general IHC practice). The supplied HPA record gives CAB018692 Enhanced IHC status but no IHC status for HPA066539 (HPA antibodies).Check each antibody's stated IHC validation and immunogen, then compare positive and no-primary controls (general IHC practice). Do not transfer CAB018692's HPA IHC rating to another antibody (HPA antibodies).
Q: What if IF/ICC shows signal outside the nucleus?HPA reports mainly nucleoplasmic ANAPC2 with additional mitochondrial localization in ICC-IF (HPA subcellular). Thus limited extranuclear IF signal can fit its reported localization.A: Assess nucleoplasmic signal first and compare the extranuclear signal with appropriate IF controls (HPA subcellular; general IF practice). Keep the IF/ICC interpretation separate from paraffin-section IHC scoring (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular).

Sample controls for ANAPC2 IHC & IF

🧪Run colon first and expect staining in its glandular cells (HPA: High in colon glandular cells); use heart muscle cardiomyocytes as the negative tissue comparator (HPA: Not detected in cardiomyocytes). On the colon slide, non-glandular cells should show little background staining, but their ANAPC2-negative status is unverified by the supplied HPA row (HPA: High in colon glandular cells).
Positive control tissue: Appendix (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ANAPC2 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, HaCaT, MCF-7, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and a concentration-matched rabbit IgG isotype control for the rabbit primary antibody (caption: rabbit anti-ANAPC2 A06153-1); use ANAPC2-knockout material, if available, as a biological specificity control. For colon sections, block endogenous peroxidase and assess endogenous biotin background when using the illustrated SABC/DAB detection method (caption: SABC/DAB).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A06153-1 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (caption: fixative not stated). The illustrated IHC uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but the evidence does not establish whether retrieval is required (caption: EDTA pH 8.0). Frozen-section feasibility and whether IF is easier are unreported; HPA provides ICC-IF images with mainly nucleoplasmic localization (HPA: nucleoplasm supported), while endogenous biotin may complicate interpretation of the illustrated SABC/DAB method in colon sections (caption: SABC/DAB).

HPA tissue IHC evidence for ANAPC2

Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.

Positive expression · recommended positive controls

TissueCell typeLevelEvidenceSource
Appendix Glandular cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Bone marrow Hematopoietic cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Colon Glandular cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Duodenum Glandular cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →
Lymph node Germinal center cells High Protein (IHC) HPA →

Undetected expression · recommended negative controls

TissueCell typeLevelEvidenceSource
Adipose tissue Adipocytes Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Cerebral cortex Endothelial cells Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Heart muscle Cardiomyocytes Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Hippocampus Glial cells Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Ovary Ovarian stroma cells Not detected Protein (IHC) HPA →
Section 3

Advanced ANAPC2 IHC Tips

Troubleshoot ANAPC2 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s tissue staining conditions and reported cellular patterns.

What retrieval should I try when ANAPC2 staining is weak?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (A06153-1 tissue-IHC caption). The documented paraffin-section workflow then used 10% goat serum block and 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C (A06153-1 tissue-IHC caption). If nuclear staining remains weak, check that sections were fully deparaffinised and compare retrieval durations while keeping the buffer and pH fixed (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: nuclear expression in a subset of cells). Run a positive tissue control in the same batch to distinguish retrieval failure from a specimen-specific low signal (HPA tissue IHC: high staining in rectal glandular cells; standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain variable ANAPC2 staining between paraffin blocks?
Target-specific sensitivity to fixation is unknown: the selected paraffin-section caption does not state its fixative (A06153-1 tissue-IHC caption). Record each block’s fixative, fixation duration, processing history and storage conditions before comparing staining intensity (standard IHC practice). Keep section thickness, retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 and antibody concentration at 2 μg/ml consistent across a comparison run (A06153-1 tissue-IHC caption; standard IHC practice). Include a similarly processed positive control, then assess whether weak staining tracks a processing batch rather than a tissue region (HPA tissue IHC: high staining in rectal glandular cells; standard IHC practice). Do not assign a fixation effect from the tissue expression pattern alone (HPA tissue IHC: expression profile).
How should I assess nuclear versus cytoplasmic ANAPC2 staining?
Prioritise staining in nuclei of a subset of cells when reading chromogenic sections (HPA tissue IHC: nuclear expression in a subset of cells). Nucleoplasmic localisation is supported by IF data, with an additional approved mitochondrial location, so a minor extranuclear component requires careful review rather than automatic rejection (HPA subcellular: nucleoplasm supported; mitochondria approved). Compare apparent cytoplasmic signal with adjacent negative structures and a no-primary control, especially where DAB deposits or counterstain obscure cell boundaries (standard IHC practice). ANAPC2 has no annotated transmembrane segment, so a crisp cell-surface rim would warrant specificity checks (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology). Score the nuclear and extranuclear patterns separately if both persist (standard IHC practice).
Can isoforms or epitope changes explain inconsistent ANAPC2 staining?
ANAPC2 has 2 recorded isoforms, but the supplied tissue-IHC caption does not identify the antibody’s epitope or establish isoform selectivity (UniProt Q9UJX6 isoforms; A06153-1 tissue-IHC caption). The record lists several phosphoserines, including residues 218, 314, 470, 534 and 697; it does not show that these modifications alter staining (UniProt Q9UJX6 modified residues). If specimens differ, review any available immunogen or epitope documentation before proposing isoform loss or modification-dependent masking (standard IHC practice). Repeat the same retrieval and detection conditions on a positive control to check reproducibility (A06153-1 tissue-IHC caption; standard IHC practice). Treat a changing stain pattern as an observation until epitope-specific evidence supports a mechanism (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help check an ambiguous chromogenic ANAPC2 pattern?
Use IF as an orthogonal localisation check when DAB and counterstain make nuclear boundaries difficult to resolve in IHC (standard IHC/IF practice). Multiplex ANAPC2 with a marker for the expected cell population, such as glandular cells in a rectal section, and inspect nuclear overlap cell by cell (HPA tissue IHC: high in rectal glandular cells; standard IF practice). Choose a fluorophore channel with low tissue autofluorescence and include single-label controls when comparing channels (standard IF practice). For intracellular ANAPC2 epitopes, use permeabilisation suitable for access beyond the plasma membrane; no transmembrane segment is annotated, and nucleoplasm is the supported main location (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology; HPA subcellular: nucleoplasm supported; standard IF practice). IF staining conditions need their own optimisation (standard IF practice).
What causes diffuse brown background in ANAPC2 IHC?
Compare the section with a no-primary control to separate antibody-dependent staining from the detection system’s background (standard IHC practice). The documented workflow uses biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary, a streptavidin–biotin complex and DAB, so inspect controls for endogenous biotin and peroxidase activity (A06153-1 tissue-IHC caption; standard IHC practice). Apply a peroxidase block, wash thoroughly and check whether DAB development is producing deposits outside intact cells (standard chromogenic IHC practice). The caption’s 10% goat serum block and 2 μg/ml primary concentration provide documented starting conditions for comparing background across runs (A06153-1 tissue-IHC caption). Judge diffuse colour against the expected subset of nuclear-positive cells (HPA tissue IHC: nuclear expression in a subset of cells).
How should I quantify patchy nuclear ANAPC2 staining? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the scored cell population and tissue region before counting, then score nuclear signal separately from any extranuclear staining (HPA tissue IHC: nuclear expression in a subset of cells; standard IHC practice). Report the percentage of positive nuclei and, if intensity is reproducible, an H-score from 0–300 using intensity categories 0–3 (standard IHC scoring practice). Alternatively, report positive-cell density per mm² when cellularity varies markedly (standard IHC scoring practice). Normalise counts to eligible intact nuclei or the measured area of viable tissue, and exclude folds, edges and necrosis by a prespecified rule (standard IHC scoring practice). Compare specimens only after matching staining batches or using a shared control (standard IHC practice).
When is ANAPC2 staining credible rather than an artefact?
A credible IHC result shows staining in a subset of nuclei with appropriate cell context, supported by the reported tissue pattern and nucleoplasmic localisation (HPA tissue IHC: nuclear expression in a subset of cells; HPA subcellular: nucleoplasm supported). Rectal glandular cells are a useful positive reference, whereas adipocytes were reported as not detected in the HPA tissue profile (HPA tissue IHC: rectum high in glandular cells; adipose tissue adipocytes not detected). Scrutinise signal confined to section edges, necrotic areas or damaged cells before calling those cells positive (standard IHC practice). Use no-primary and peroxidase controls to investigate diffuse brown deposits or endogenous enzyme activity (standard chromogenic IHC practice). HPA rates tissue-IHC reliability as Enhanced, with medium agreement between staining and RNA, so interpret isolated discrepancies cautiously (HPA tissue IHC: reliability description).
Boster reagents

Best ANAPC2 / Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 IHC Antibodies

A06153-1 has real IHC data from paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer tissue (IHC image caption) and IF data from A431 cells (IF image caption); catalog reactivity includes human, monkey, mouse, and rat (catalog reactivity).

Real IHC data IHC analysis of ANAPC2 using anti-ANAPC2 antibody (A06153-1). ANAPC2 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human rectal cancer tissue. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed in EDTA buffer (pH8.0, epitope retrieval solution). The tissue section was blocked with 10% goat serum. The tissue section was then incubated with 2μg/ml rabbit anti-ANAPC2 Antibody (A06153-1) overnight at 4°C. Biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as secondary antibody and incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C. The tissue section was developed using Strepavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) (Catalog # SA1022) with DAB as the chromogen.
Anti-ANAPC2 Antibody ®
Cat # A06153-1

A06153-1 will render with its own IHC figure from a paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer section (IHC image caption). Its listed applications include IHC, ICC, and IF (catalog applications), with IF shown in A431 cells (IF image caption) and reactivity listed for human, monkey, mouse, and rat (catalog reactivity).

Which to pick: Choose A06153-1 for chromogenic tissue IHC: its own figure documents paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer tissue, EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, and 2 μg/ml primary antibody (A06153-1 IHC image caption); the fixative is unreported (A06153-1 IHC image caption). The same SKU has an IF/ICC example in A431 cells at 5 μg/ml (A06153-1 IF image caption). For cross-species work, A06153-1 lists human, monkey, mouse, and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity), while its supplied tissue IHC figure shows human tissue (A06153-1 IHC image caption).

Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.