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Plan chromogenic ANAPC2 IHC on paraffin sections using a human-reactive, IHC-validated antibody (datasheet A06153-1). Expect nuclear staining in a subset of cells, with high staining reported in rectal glandular cells and tonsil germinal center cells (HPA tissue IHC).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Nuclear staining in a subset of tissue cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Some glandular and germinal center cells stain in the nucleus (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A06153-1) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining has medium consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Staining-intensity regulation is unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt) |
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A06153-1) is accompanied by one published CD34/ANAPC2 dual-color IHC protocol (PMC5609928).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A06153-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06153-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A06153-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A06153-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-ANAPC2, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A06153-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A06153-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A06153-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ANAPC2-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Nuclear expression in a subset of cells of several different tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
In paraffin-section IHC, expect nuclear staining in subsets of cells across several tissues, including colon glandular cells and lymph-node germinal-center cells (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA rates the tissue profile Enhanced, while reporting medium consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC). ICC-IF places ANAPC2 mainly in the nucleoplasm, with additional mitochondrial localization (HPA subcellular). A membrane pattern is unexpected because ANAPC2 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology).
| Distinct nuclear chromogen in a subset of colon glandular cells or lymph-node germinal-center cells. | This fits the reported tissue IHC pattern: both cell populations are scored High, and staining need not appear in every cell (HPA tissue IHC). Judge the relevant cell population and compartment together; tissue-wide colour alone cannot establish a correct ANAPC2 pattern (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). |
| Predominantly membranous or broad cytoplasmic colour with little nuclear staining. | Treat this as a possible staining artefact and review antibody specificity and detection controls. HPA reports nuclear tissue staining and mainly nucleoplasmic ICC-IF localization; ICC-IF also reports mitochondria, so a small extranuclear signal alone is inconclusive (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Membrane enrichment lacks support from the no-transmembrane topology (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology). |
| Strong colour in adipocytes or skeletal-muscle myocytes while reference positive cells are weak. | Investigate cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic activity before calling those cells ANAPC2-positive (general IHC practice). HPA reports ANAPC2 as Not detected in those specific cell populations, versus High in several glandular and germinal-center populations (HPA tissue IHC). Other cells within the same tissue have not been ruled out by those entries. |
| Diffuse colour covers nuclei, cytoplasm, and surrounding section with poor cell boundaries. | The distribution is difficult to score as specific nuclear staining (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). Check the no-primary control, blocking, washes, detection background, and chromogen development as general IHC troubleshooting steps; HPA supplies a localization reference, not a target-specific cause of diffuse background (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| No nuclear signal in colon glandular cells or tonsil germinal-center cells. | These are useful reference populations because HPA scores each High, but its profile describes staining in a subset of cells (HPA tissue IHC). Check section preservation, retrieval, antibody dilution, detection, and counterstain using routine IHC controls (general IHC practice). Absence in one section alone does not prove ANAPC2 is absent. |
| Cell population and tissue choice | HPA scores appendix, colon, duodenum, and rectum glandular cells High; stomach glandular cells are Medium (HPA tissue IHC). Compare like cell populations when selecting a positive reference, since an entire tissue section contains more than one population (general IHC practice). |
| Subcellular reference | HPA tissue IHC describes nuclear expression in subsets of cells; ICC-IF supports a mainly nucleoplasmic location and approves additional mitochondrial localization (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). The ICC-IF observation helps interpret localization but does not itself validate a paraffin-section staining pattern. |
| Antibody-specific validation | CAB018692 has Enhanced IHC status, whereas HPA066539 has no supplied IHC status; both have Approved ICC status (HPA antibodies). The tissue profile has Enhanced reliability with medium staining-to-RNA consistency (HPA tissue IHC). Apply these ratings only to the stated HPA evidence, not automatically to another catalog antibody. |
| Topology and processing | ANAPC2 has no transmembrane segment or signal peptide, and its recorded chain spans residues 1–822 (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology and processing). These annotations offer no basis for expecting a cell-surface or shed-protein IHC pattern; they do not identify the antibody epitope. |
| Isoform coverage | UniProt lists two ANAPC2 isoforms (UniProt Q9UJX6 isoforms). If an antibody gives an unexpected pattern, check its documented immunogen or epitope against the isoforms before making an isoform-specific interpretation (general IHC practice); the supplied record gives no epitope or isoform-specific staining result. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive reference cells show no chromogen. | A missed population, weak assay detection, or a routine section-processing problem may explain the result; HPA reports staining in subsets rather than all cells (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Locate the relevant colon glandular or tonsil germinal-center cells first (HPA tissue IHC). Then review the IHC-validated antibody's documented dilution and retrieval conditions and verify detection with routine controls (general IHC practice). |
| The whole section looks positive, including HPA Not detected reference cells. | Nonspecific antibody binding or endogenous detection activity can produce misleading chromogen (general IHC practice). HPA's Not detected entries apply to named cells, such as adipocytes and cardiomyocytes (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare the named cell populations, inspect a no-primary control, and check blocking, washes, and chromogen development (general IHC practice). Do not score every cell in a tissue as negative solely from one HPA cell-type entry. |
| Colour is mainly membranous or strongly cytoplasmic. | This diverges from nuclear tissue IHC and mainly nucleoplasmic ICC-IF observations (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). UniProt reports no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9UJX6 topology). | Review controls and antibody specificity before scoring the signal (general IHC practice). Interpret any limited mitochondrial-looking signal cautiously: that additional localization is reported for ICC-IF, not established here as an IHC scoring rule (HPA subcellular). |
| Stomach glandular cells stain less strongly than colon glandular cells. | That contrast agrees with HPA's Medium score for stomach glandular cells and High score for colon glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). | Score each named cell population against its own HPA reference before changing assay conditions (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). If both are unexpectedly blank, investigate assay controls and documented IHC conditions (general IHC practice). |
| Two antibodies give different nuclear staining patterns. | Antibody performance or epitope recognition may differ (general IHC practice). The supplied HPA record gives CAB018692 Enhanced IHC status but no IHC status for HPA066539 (HPA antibodies). | Check each antibody's stated IHC validation and immunogen, then compare positive and no-primary controls (general IHC practice). Do not transfer CAB018692's HPA IHC rating to another antibody (HPA antibodies). |
| Q: What if IF/ICC shows signal outside the nucleus? | HPA reports mainly nucleoplasmic ANAPC2 with additional mitochondrial localization in ICC-IF (HPA subcellular). Thus limited extranuclear IF signal can fit its reported localization. | A: Assess nucleoplasmic signal first and compare the extranuclear signal with appropriate IF controls (HPA subcellular; general IF practice). Keep the IF/ICC interpretation separate from paraffin-section IHC scoring (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lymph node | Germinal center cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Endothelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Ovary | Ovarian stroma cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Troubleshoot ANAPC2 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s tissue staining conditions and reported cellular patterns.
A06153-1 has real IHC data from paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer tissue (IHC image caption) and IF data from A431 cells (IF image caption); catalog reactivity includes human, monkey, mouse, and rat (catalog reactivity).
A06153-1 will render with its own IHC figure from a paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer section (IHC image caption). Its listed applications include IHC, ICC, and IF (catalog applications), with IF shown in A431 cells (IF image caption) and reactivity listed for human, monkey, mouse, and rat (catalog reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose A06153-1 for chromogenic tissue IHC: its own figure documents paraffin-embedded human rectal cancer tissue, EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, and 2 μg/ml primary antibody (A06153-1 IHC image caption); the fixative is unreported (A06153-1 IHC image caption). The same SKU has an IF/ICC example in A431 cells at 5 μg/ml (A06153-1 IF image caption). For cross-species work, A06153-1 lists human, monkey, mouse, and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity), while its supplied tissue IHC figure shows human tissue (A06153-1 IHC image caption).