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ATF1 / Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ATF1
This guide uses the observed nuclear tissue pattern to plan ATF1 staining in paraffin sections (HPA tissue IHC). It covers fixation consistency, titration within 0.5–1 μg/mL (datasheet M01600-1), chromogenic detection (datasheet M01600-1), and nuclear scoring.
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ATF1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | General nuclear staining across tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M01600-1) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Nasopharynx |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | ATF1 is not detected in nasopharyngeal basal cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation not annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope differences unreported (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ATF1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: M01600-1) is accompanied by one published xenograft IHC protocol for phosphorylated CREB/ATF1 (PMC8038809).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M01600-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M01600-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M01600-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M01600-1) |
| Primary antibody | Mouse monoclonal (clone 7F8) anti-ATF1, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet M01600-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M01600-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet M01600-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ATF1-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General nuclear expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA, pH 8.0, retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet: M01600-1). The published protocol does not specify retrieval (PMC8038809).
Section 2
What Is the Expected ATF1 Staining Pattern?
ATF1 should show predominantly nuclear staining in a range of tissues (UniProt P18846: nucleus; HPA: general nuclear expression). Strong examples include adrenal and colon glandular cells, cerebellar Bergmann glia nuclei, and kidney glomerular cells (HPA: High). ATF1 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt P18846 topology). Interpret tissue patterns with care: HPA rates its IHC evidence Supported, with medium consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA: tissue IHC).
| Distinct nuclear chromogen in adrenal or colon glandular cells, with relatively clear cytoplasm. | This fits the expected compartment and two documented high-staining cell populations (UniProt P18846: nucleus; HPA: High in adrenal and colon glandular cells). Compare nuclei within the same section before judging intensity; HPA's High designation describes these cell populations, not every nucleus. |
| Predominantly cytoplasmic, membranous, or extracellular staining, especially when nuclei remain clear. | The compartment conflicts with the reported nuclear pattern (UniProt P18846: nucleus; HPA: general nuclear expression). Treat it as a possible artefact or off-target signal. Morphology and control sections should guide interpretation; this appearance alone cannot identify its cause. |
| Strong signal confined to nasopharyngeal basal cells while documented high-staining cells are weak. | HPA reports ATF1 as Not detected in nasopharyngeal basal cells and High in several other cell populations (HPA: tissue IHC). This mismatch raises possible cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; it does not prove either. Check the control stains and tissue identity. |
| Uniform haze across nuclei, cytoplasm, and tissue spaces obscures cell boundaries. | This is difficult to score as the expected nuclear pattern (UniProt P18846: nucleus; HPA: general nuclear expression). In chromogenic IHC, widespread haze can arise from nonspecific reagent binding or detection background (general IHC practice). Compare a no-primary control before calling cells positive. |
| No nuclear signal in an intact adrenal gland or colon section. | Both contain glandular cells reported as High by HPA, so absence of signal warrants a control and workflow check (HPA: tissue IHC). It does not establish that ATF1 is absent: HPA's tissue IHC reliability is Supported, with medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC). |
💡Expected ATF1 appearanceCall a convincing positive when chromogen is predominantly nuclear in the relevant glandular or other documented cell population, with strong staining possible in HPA High examples; diffuse cytoplasmic or extracellular colour is suspect (UniProt P18846: nucleus; HPA: general nuclear expression and High cell populations).
| Cell population and tissue context | HPA describes general nuclear expression and low tissue RNA specificity, yet its IHC levels vary by cell population: High in selected glandular and glomerular cells, Low in lung alveolar type I cells, and Not detected in nasopharyngeal basal cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Score the identified cells, not a whole-section average. |
| Antibody validation | HPA055069 and CAB016222 each have Supported IHC status; HPA055406 has no supplied IHC status (HPA: antibody validation). HPA defines tissue IHC reliability as Supported with medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC). An ICC result alone does not establish performance on paraffin sections. |
| Isoforms and epitope coverage | UniProt lists two ATF1 isoforms, but the supplied evidence does not map antibody epitopes or show isoform-specific staining (UniProt P18846: isoforms 1 and 2; HPA: antibody validation). An unexpected difference between samples cannot be assigned to isoform recognition without antibody-specific evidence. |
| Target-specific fixation sensitivity | No ATF1-specific fixation or antigen-retrieval effect is established by the supplied sources (UniProt P18846; HPA: tissue IHC). Retrieval conditions may be checked as part of general paraffin-IHC troubleshooting (general IHC practice), but neither ATF1's topology nor HPA staining levels predict a fixation-dependent result. |
| IF/ICC Q&A: Where should signal appear? | In the nucleoplasm: HPA reports enhanced nucleoplasmic localisation and lists ICC-IF images, while UniProt places ATF1 in the nucleus (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; UniProt P18846: nucleus). This localisation is useful context for IHC; ICC-IF validation supplies no paraffin-IHC protocol. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known high-staining glandular cells have no nuclear signal. | A failed staining run or unsuitable assay conditions are possibilities; the absent result alone cannot distinguish them (HPA: High in adrenal and colon glandular cells; general IHC practice). | Check tissue morphology, positive-control performance, antibody instructions, retrieval, and detection reagents on matched sections (general IHC practice). Do not infer an ATF1-specific fixation effect from this result (UniProt P18846; HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Colour is mainly cytoplasmic or membranous. | The compartment disagrees with ATF1's reported nuclear localisation (UniProt P18846: nucleus; HPA: general nuclear expression). Nonspecific staining or slide interpretation is possible (general IHC practice). | Recheck cell boundaries and counterstained nuclei; compare the matched no-primary control and a documented high-staining cell population (general IHC practice; HPA: High in adrenal glandular cells). |
| Nasopharyngeal basal cells stain strongly. | That conflicts with the supplied Not detected observation; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible, not established (HPA: nasopharynx basal cells Not detected; general IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control and review endogenous-enzyme blocking if using enzyme-based chromogenic detection (general IHC practice). Confirm the cell type before assigning a biological difference from HPA. |
| Brown haze covers most of the section. | Diffuse deposition may reflect detection background or nonspecific binding rather than a resolvable nuclear pattern (general IHC practice; HPA: general nuclear expression). | Inspect a no-primary control; then review blocking, wash steps, antibody concentration, and chromogen development against the antibody instructions (general IHC practice). Judge nuclear staining only after cell boundaries can be resolved. |
| Signal is weak in a low-staining population. | Weakness can agree with HPA's Low observations, including lung alveolar type I cells; it is not, by itself, evidence of assay failure (HPA: tissue IHC). | Check a documented High cell population in the same run before changing conditions (HPA: High in adrenal and colon glandular cells; general IHC practice). Keep cell identity and the Supported, medium-consistency HPA rating in the interpretation (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| An ICC-IF image appears convincing, but paraffin-section staining is uncertain. | HPA's enhanced nucleoplasmic ICC-IF localisation addresses a different application; the supplied IHC statuses are Supported for HPA055069 and CAB016222 (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; HPA: antibody validation). | Evaluate the paraffin-section result by its nuclear pattern, documented tissue controls, and the antibody's IHC validation status (UniProt P18846: nucleus; HPA: tissue IHC and antibody validation). Do not substitute an ICC-IF result for IHC evidence. |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ATF1 staining
M01600-1 · IHCIHC analysis of ATF1 using anti-ATF1 antibody (M01600-1). ATF1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissue. Heat m
M01600-1 · IHCIHC analysis of ATF1 using anti-ATF1 antibody (M01600-1). ATF1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human rectal cancer tissue. Heat
M01600-1 · IFIF analysis of ATF1 using anti-ATF1 antibody (M01600-1). ATF1 was detected in immunocytochemical section of A431 cells. Enzyme antigen retri
A01600-1 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human Colon cancer. 1, Antibody was diluted at 1:200(4° overnight). 2, Tris-EDTA,pH9.0 was
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000123268-ATF1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_4075252
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000123268-ATF1/tissue/colon#imid_4075178
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000123268-ATF1/tissue/liver#imid_4075171
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000123268-ATF1/tissue/kidney#imid_4075164
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody CAB016222; green = ATF1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody CAB016222; green = ATF1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ATF1 IHC & IF
🧪Run colon first: its glandular cells show High ATF1 staining (HPA: High in colon glandular cells). Use nasopharynx basal cells as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in nasopharynx basal cells); any independently validated internal negative cells on the colon slide should lack nuclear chromogen above background.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Nasopharynx (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ATF1 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, HeLa, U2OS, siRNA 1 (10x), U2OS, siRNA 2 (10x), U2OS, scrambled (10x), NIH 3T3, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (enhanced) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and matched mouse IgG isotype controls for the mouse catalog antibody (caption: mouse anti-ATF1), plus independently validated ATF1 knockout material as a biological negative. Block endogenous peroxidase and check for endogenous biotin in colon sections because the reported detection uses a biotinylated secondary, streptavidin-biotin complex and DAB (caption: SABC/DAB).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the selected M01600-1 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (caption: fixative unreported). The reported IHC procedure uses heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, with nuclear staining expected (caption: EDTA pH 8.0; UniProt P18846: nucleus). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF/ICC are easier; in colon, assess glandular staining against nonspecific chromogen and endogenous biotin background from the reported detection method (HPA: High in colon glandular cells; caption: SABC/DAB).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ATF1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Bergmann glia - nucleus | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasopharynx | Basal cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced ATF1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot ATF1 staining in paraffin sections by assessing nuclear signal, tissue controls and detection chemistry (UniProt P18846; HPA tissue IHC).
What retrieval conditions should I try when ATF1 nuclear staining is weak?
For paraffin-section ATF1 IHC, start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 (datasheet M01600-1). The selected tissue image used that retrieval before overnight incubation at 4°C with 1 µg/mL catalog antibody (datasheet M01600-1). If nuclei remain weak, check that sections were fully deparaffinised and heated evenly, then vary retrieval duration using your laboratory's validated range (standard IHC practice). Keep antibody concentration and DAB development constant while comparing retrieval conditions, so a stronger signal can be attributed to retrieval (standard IHC practice). Score nuclei separately from diffuse cytoplasmic colour, since ATF1 is nuclear (UniProt P18846; HPA subcellular).
Could fixation explain weak ATF1 staining in my paraffin sections?
The selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative, so ATF1-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown (datasheet M01600-1). Record the fixative and fixation interval for each specimen, and compare sections processed together before assigning a staining difference to ATF1 abundance (standard IHC practice). Start troubleshooting with the documented EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and 1 µg/mL antibody incubation overnight at 4°C (datasheet M01600-1). If similarly processed controls stain unevenly, inspect section adhesion, deparaffinisation and retrieval consistency across the slide (standard IHC practice). Do not infer a preferred fixative from ATF1's nuclear location or phosphorylation sites (UniProt P18846).
How should I evaluate cytoplasmic colour in an ATF1 IHC section?
Prioritise nuclear staining: ATF1 is annotated in the nucleus, with enhanced nucleoplasmic localisation in cellular imaging (UniProt P18846; HPA subcellular). Its 271-residue sequence has no transmembrane segment, so a membrane outline is not the expected target pattern (UniProt P18846). Compare cytoplasmic colour with a no-primary control and inspect whether it follows tissue damage or diffuse DAB deposition (standard IHC practice). In the selected paraffin-section image, detection used a biotinylated secondary, streptavidin-biotin complex and DAB; check those steps if nonnuclear colour dominates (datasheet M01600-1). Record nuclear and cytoplasmic staining separately rather than combining them into one positivity score (standard IHC practice).
Can this IHC antibody distinguish ATF1 isoforms or phosphorylation states?
ATF1 has 2 annotated isoforms, but the supplied tissue-IHC caption does not locate this antibody's epitope or establish isoform selectivity (UniProt P18846; datasheet M01600-1). The annotated KID spans residues 31–90 and the bZIP region spans 213–271 (UniProt P18846). Phosphorylation is annotated at residues 63 and 198; those annotations alone do not establish whether fixation or phosphorylation changes antibody binding (UniProt P18846). Treat chromogenic nuclear staining as total detectable ATF1 unless separate epitope and selectivity evidence is available (standard IHC interpretation). For an isoform-specific or phospho-specific claim, use a separately validated reagent and matched controls (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help assess an ambiguous ATF1 IHC pattern?
Use IF as a separate localisation check when chromogenic staining cannot clearly distinguish nuclei from adjacent tissue structures (standard IHC/IF practice). ATF1 is expected in the nucleoplasm, and HPA reports high staining in colon glandular cells, making a validated glandular-cell marker a useful multiplex partner in that tissue (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores after checking the specimen's autofluorescence in each channel, and include single-label controls (standard IF practice). Because ATF1 is nuclear and lacks a transmembrane segment, permeabilise sufficiently for antibody access to the nuclear epitope, then assess nuclear morphology with a DNA counterstain (UniProt P18846; standard IF practice). Optimise IF fixation independently; the selected IHC caption does not report its fixative (datasheet M01600-1).
How do I reduce diffuse DAB background without losing nuclear ATF1?
First compare a no-primary section with the ATF1-stained section to identify colour arising from detection chemistry (standard IHC practice). The selected image used 10% goat serum blocking, a biotinylated secondary, streptavidin-biotin complex and DAB (datasheet M01600-1). Include an endogenous peroxidase block and check whether endogenous biotin contributes background in this biotin-based workflow (standard chromogenic IHC practice). If background persists, optimise blocking and washes while holding retrieval at EDTA pH 8.0 for the initial comparison (datasheet M01600-1; standard IHC practice). Judge improvement by retained nuclear staining and reduced nonnuclear colour, consistent with ATF1's reported localisation (UniProt P18846; HPA subcellular).
What is a defensible way to score ATF1 IHC across specimens? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the scored cell population and count only interpretable nuclei, because ATF1 is nuclear and HPA describes general nuclear tissue expression (UniProt P18846; HPA tissue IHC). Report the percentage of positive nuclei and an intensity-based H-score on a 0–300 scale, with the same thresholds across sections (standard IHC scoring). Normalise positive counts to all evaluable nuclei in the specified compartment, or report positive nuclei per mm² with the analysed area stated (standard IHC quantification). Exclude folds, damaged edges and necrotic regions before scoring, and keep DAB development comparable across batches (standard IHC practice). Record tissue and cell type: HPA reports high staining in colon glandular cells but low staining in lung alveolar type I cells (HPA tissue IHC).
How can I distinguish true ATF1 staining from section artefacts?
A credible ATF1 pattern is predominantly nuclear, consistent with UniProt's nuclear annotation and HPA's enhanced nucleoplasmic signal (UniProt P18846; HPA subcellular). Check that positive cells fit the sampled compartment: HPA reports high signal in adrenal glandular cells and no detected signal in nasopharyngeal basal cells (HPA tissue IHC). Treat staining confined to section edges, folds or necrotic areas as suspect, and compare it with intact tissue on the same slide (standard IHC practice). A no-primary control helps identify endogenous enzyme activity or detection-related colour, particularly when DAB is used (standard chromogenic IHC practice; datasheet M01600-1). Confirm an unexpected compartment or cell population with an independent validated assay before assigning biological meaning (standard IHC interpretation).
Boster reagents
Best ATF1 / Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 IHC Antibodies
Real IHC images show ATF1 staining in human lung, rectal and colon cancer paraffin sections (IHC captions: M01600-1; A01600-1); an IF image shows A431 cells (M01600-1 IF caption).
Real IHC data
Anti-ATF1 Antibody ®(monoclonal, 7F8)
Cat # M01600-1
Real IHC data
Anti-ATF1 Antibody
Cat # A01600-1
M01600-1 has IHC images from human lung and rectal cancer paraffin sections and an IF image from A431 cells (M01600-1 image captions). A01600-1 has an IHC image from a human colon cancer paraffin section; its application list also includes IF/ICC (A01600-1 IHC caption; catalog applications).
Which to pick: For human tissue IHC, choose M01600-1 for a mouse monoclonal antibody with documented EDTA pH 8 retrieval, or A01600-1 for a rabbit polyclonal antibody with documented Tris-EDTA pH 9 retrieval (catalog host and clone; respective IHC captions). For IF/ICC, M01600-1 has a documented A431 cell IF image, while A01600-1 also lists IF/ICC applications (M01600-1 IF caption; A01600-1 catalog applications). For mouse or rat samples, A01600-1 is the listed cross-species option; its IHC image shows human tissue only, and neither IHC caption reports the fixative (A01600-1 catalog reactivity; respective IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P18846 (ATF1_HUMAN, Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1).
- Human Protein Atlas. ATF1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
- Human Protein Atlas. ATF1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. ATF1 antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
- Phosphorylated ATF1 at Thr184 promotes metastasis and regulates MMP2 expression in gastric cancer. Journal of translational medicine 2022 — PMC8994398.
- Exploring Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on ATF/CREB Transcription Factor Family Gene-Related Model. Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma 2023 — PMC9983578.
- Colorectal Cancer-Associated Genes Are Associated with Tooth Agenesis and May Have a Role in Tooth Development. Scientific reports 2018 — PMC5813178.
- Blockade of AMPK-Mediated cAMP-PKA-CREB/ATF1 Signaling Synergizes with Aspirin to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers 2021 — PMC8038809.
- PubMed PMID:2196176 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:1655749 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ATF1 (Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1). Expected localisation Nuclear staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M01600-1). Validated IHC antibody: M01600-1 at 0.5-1μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Nasopharynx. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human lung cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M01600-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M01600-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M01600-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M01600-1); 8. Primary antibody: Mouse monoclonal (clone 7F8) anti-ATF1, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet M01600-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M01600-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation conditions consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: ATF1 is not detected in nasopharyngeal basal cells (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 2 isoforms; epitope differences unreported (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation not annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P18846, HPA tissue IHC · Supported, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoplasm., Datasheet M01600-1, PMC8038809. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ATF1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.