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ATF5 / Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-5 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ATF5
Plan chromogenic ATF5 staining in paraffin sections using the documented M02792 tissue workflow (datasheet: M02792). Compare nuclear staining with HPA tissue observations, while accounting for their uncertain reliability (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ATF5 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | General nuclear tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Nuclear staining across tissue cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M02792) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA data show low consistency; verify the pattern (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | HSPA1A/B interaction stabilizes ATF5 (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No recorded isoforms; one 1–282 chain (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ATF5 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody uses EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet M02792). These published ATF5 IHC protocols cover thyroid, rat heart, and human nucleus pulposus sections (PMC5067000; PMC8677764; PMC13202852).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human pancreas cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M02792) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M02792); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M02792); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M02792) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit monoclonal (clone HDD-1) anti-ATF5, 1:50 recommended; image 1:100 (datasheet M02792) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M02792) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M02792) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ATF5-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General nuclear expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet M02792); citrate pH 6.0 was used with other antibodies (PMC8677764; PMC13202852).
Section 2
What Is the Expected ATF5 Staining Pattern?
ATF5 staining should be predominantly nuclear in paraffin sections, with high staining reported in selected epithelial, glandular, glomerular and Purkinje cells (HPA: general nuclear expression; HPA: tissue IHC). Cytoplasmic and centrosomal localization is also described (UniProt Q9Y2D1: subcellular location). Interpret tissue patterns cautiously: HPA rates its tissue IHC profile Uncertain because antibody staining and RNA expression have low consistency (HPA: reliability). ATF5 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9Y2D1: topology).
| Distinct nuclear staining in bronchial respiratory epithelial cells or cerebellar Purkinje cells, with little surrounding background. | This fits the reported general nuclear pattern and High staining in those cell types (HPA: tissue IHC). It is a useful positive pattern, but the overall tissue profile remains Uncertain (HPA: reliability). Compare cell identity and nuclear location before treating staining intensity alone as evidence of specificity. |
| Membrane-dominant staining, or signal confined to extracellular material, without a convincing nuclear component. | Treat this as a possible artefact: ATF5 has no transmembrane segment, and HPA describes general nuclear expression (UniProt Q9Y2D1: topology; HPA: tissue IHC). Cytoplasmic signal alone is less decisive because cytoplasmic and centrosomal localization is reported (UniProt Q9Y2D1: subcellular location). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes while expected positive cells on the same run stain weakly or inconsistently. | HPA reports ATF5 as Not detected in adipocytes, so investigate antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity before scoring this as positive (HPA: adipose tissue IHC). The Uncertain tissue validation limits how firmly any single tissue comparison can establish specificity (HPA: reliability). |
| Uniform chromogen across nuclei, cytoplasm and tissue-free areas, obscuring cell boundaries. | This is diffuse background rather than an interpretable ATF5 distribution; the reported tissue pattern is generally nuclear (HPA: tissue IHC). Check the no-primary control, blocking, washes and detection reagents as general IHC troubleshooting steps. Reassess localization only after the background clears. |
| No staining in a section containing a reported High-staining cell population. | If bronchial respiratory epithelial cells or cerebellar Purkinje cells are identifiable yet unstained, first check the run controls and detection sequence (HPA: High in those cells). A blank slide does not by itself show biological absence, especially given the Uncertain tissue profile (HPA: reliability). |
💡Expected ATF5 appearanceA convincing positive is predominantly nuclear staining in identifiable High-staining cells, such as bronchial respiratory epithelial or Purkinje cells; strong membrane-only staining or widespread cell-free chromogen is suspect (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q9Y2D1: topology).
| Which cells provide an IHC comparison? | HPA reports High staining in adrenal glandular cells, bronchial respiratory epithelial cells, Purkinje cells and glomerular cells; adipocytes are Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Use the named cell populations when comparing sections, because a tissue name alone does not define which cells should stain. |
| How should liver staining be interpreted? | Hepatocytes have Low staining in HPA tissue IHC, although liver is RNA-enriched in HPA and has higher expression in the UniProt tissue summary (HPA: liver IHC; HPA: RNA specificity; UniProt Q9Y2D1: tissue specificity). Do not require strong hepatocyte chromogen as the IHC positive criterion. |
| How strong is the antibody evidence? | The listed rabbit polyclonal HPA030187 is rated Uncertain for IHC and Supported for ICC (HPA: antibody validation). HPA also rates the overall tissue IHC profile Uncertain because staining and RNA show low consistency (HPA: reliability). Treat a matching pattern as supportive rather than conclusive. |
| Which compartment should be scored? | HPA describes general nuclear tissue expression, while UniProt also lists cytoplasm and centrosome, with centrosomal accumulation during G1 to M and movement to the midbody late in cell division (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q9Y2D1: subcellular location). Score the dominant, cell-resolved pattern and record focal nonnuclear signal separately. |
| IF/ICC Q&A: where can ATF5 appear? | HPA reports mainly nucleoplasmic signal, with additional vesicular and cytosolic localization in ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular). Those observations can inform compartment interpretation here; the separate IF/ICC guide covers its experimental workflow. HPA030187 is Supported for ICC (HPA: antibody validation). |
| Does the record establish a fixation effect? | No target-specific fixation sensitivity is reported in the supplied UniProt or HPA evidence. ATF5 is listed as a 1–282 chain without a signal peptide or propeptide, and with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9Y2D1: processing; topology); those facts do not predict retrieval performance. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected nuclei are faint or blank across the run. | A failed staining or detection step is possible; HPA reports High staining in several named cell populations, but its tissue profile is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: reliability). | Inspect a reported High-staining cell population and the run controls; verify primary-antibody, detection and counterstain steps. If repeating retrieval, treat the adjustment as general IHC optimization, since target-specific fixation sensitivity is unreported. |
| The tissue is positive, but the wrong cells carry most of the signal. | Cell identity may be misread, or staining may reflect cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity. HPA reports High staining in specified cell populations and Not detected in adipocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare cell morphology with the named HPA cell population and inspect a no-primary control. Avoid assigning ATF5 positivity from whole-tissue color alone; the HPA tissue profile is Uncertain (HPA: reliability). |
| Signal is predominantly membranous. | This conflicts with HPA's general nuclear tissue pattern and with the absence of a transmembrane segment (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q9Y2D1: topology). | Check whether the apparent membrane signal follows tissue edges or persists in a no-primary control. Reassess nuclear staining before calling the section positive; cytoplasmic or centrosomal signal can occur (UniProt Q9Y2D1: subcellular location). |
| Brown haze covers both cells and empty areas. | Diffuse background prevents compartment scoring against the reported nuclear pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). Nonspecific reagent deposition or endogenous detection activity is possible under standard chromogenic IHC practice. | Review the no-primary control, blocking, washes and chromogen development. Repeat scoring only when nuclei and cell borders can be distinguished; do not count uniform haze as ATF5-positive cells. |
| Hepatocytes look weak despite liver-enriched RNA. | The measurements differ: HPA lists Low hepatocyte IHC staining and liver-enriched RNA, while UniProt describes higher liver expression (HPA: liver IHC; HPA: RNA specificity; UniProt Q9Y2D1: tissue specificity). | Keep the IHC observation separate from RNA abundance. Check a reported High-staining cell population for run performance before interpreting weak hepatocyte signal; avoid raising the positivity threshold from RNA data. |
| Small extranuclear puncta appear beside convincing nuclear staining. | UniProt describes centrosomal localization and movement to the midbody during cell division; HPA ICC-IF also reports additional vesicular and cytosolic signal (UniProt Q9Y2D1: subcellular location; HPA: subcellular). | Record puncta separately from nuclear intensity and compare their position with cell morphology. In chromogenic sections, do not identify a punctum as a centrosome or vesicle solely from its appearance; retain the nuclear pattern as the principal IHC comparison (HPA: tissue IHC). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ATF5 staining
M02792 · IHCIHC analysis of ATF5 using anti-ATF5 antibody (M02792). ATF5 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human pancreas cancer tissue. He
M02792 · IHCIHC analysis of ATF5 using anti-ATF5 antibody (M02792). ATF5 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of mouse liver tissue. Heat mediate
M02792 · IFICC staining of ATF5 in Hela cells (green). Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room tem
A02792 · IFICC staining ATF5 in Hela cells (green). The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue). Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000169136-ATF5/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_7458816
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000169136-ATF5/tissue/colon#imid_7458678
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000169136-ATF5/tissue/liver#imid_7458671
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000169136-ATF5/tissue/kidney#imid_7458672
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA030187; green = ATF5, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA030187; green = ATF5, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ATF5 IHC & IF
🧪Run bronchus first and look for staining in respiratory epithelial cells (HPA: High in bronchus respiratory epithelial cells). Run adipose tissue as the negative tissue, focusing on adipocytes (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the bronchus slide, cells without specific staining can help gauge background, but HPA does not identify a validated internal negative cell type.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ATF5 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, RPTEC/TERT1, hTERT-RPE1 (serum starved), with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a concentration-matched nonimmune rabbit IgG control, with primary clonality unreported; and an ATF5-knockout biological negative (M02792 caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC practice). Check for endogenous peroxidase signal in bronchial inflammatory cells before interpreting DAB staining (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the selected M02792 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (M02792 caption). Heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 is a documented starting condition for paraffin IHC, though its necessity in bronchus is unreported (M02792 caption: pancreas cancer section). Frozen sections and IF are not established as easier for this tissue; bronchial autofluorescence may complicate IF interpretation (HPA: ICC-IF images in listed cell lines; standard IF practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ATF5
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Purkinje cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced ATF5 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot ATF5 chromogenic IHC by checking retrieval, staining compartment, controls, and scoring; use IF as a localization check.
Which retrieval conditions should I try first for weak ATF5 staining?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet M02792). The catalog antibody yielded ATF5 staining in a human pancreas cancer paraffin section after this retrieval, followed by 10% goat serum and 1:100 primary antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet M02792). If staining is weak, compare adjacent sections with a cautiously adjusted heating time or an alternative retrieval buffer, keeping antibody concentration, detection, and development constant (standard IHC practice). Check morphology and a no-primary control before calling stronger DAB signal improved ATF5 detection, because excessive retrieval can increase nonspecific staining or damage tissue (standard IHC practice).
How can I assess whether fixation is affecting ATF5 IHC?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the catalog image identifies a paraffin-embedded human pancreas cancer section but does not state its fixative (datasheet M02792). For a new specimen, record fixative, fixation duration, tissue thickness, and processing history, then compare matched sections under the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 1:100 primary conditions (datasheet M02792; standard IHC practice). If nuclear staining varies, first inspect morphology and matched controls before assigning a fixation effect, because processing and detection can also vary (standard IHC practice). Neither tissue expression patterns nor ATF5 topology or modifications establish target-specific fixation sensitivity (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9Y2D1 topology and modified residues).
Should I score cytoplasmic or punctate ATF5 staining alongside nuclear signal?
Score nucleoplasmic staining as the main expected signal while documenting cytoplasmic staining separately (HPA subcellular: supported nucleoplasm and cytosol). ATF5 also localizes to cytoplasm and the centrosome, with movement to the midbody late in cell division, so a discrete perinuclear punctum can be biologically plausible but requires independent validation (UniProt Q9Y2D1 subcellular). In chromogenic paraffin sections, compare the punctum with adjacent nuclei and a no-primary control, and avoid assigning centrosomes from DAB morphology alone (standard IHC practice). Report nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions separately across at least 3 comparable fields, with cell identity and section quality recorded, rather than pooling every brown deposit into one score (standard IHC practice).
Could an ATF5 isoform or modified epitope explain weak nuclear staining?
The supplied ATF5 record lists 0 isoforms, one 1–282 amino-acid chain, and a bZIP domain at residues 208–271 (UniProt Q9Y2D1). Its topology has no transmembrane segment or signal peptide, so an extracellular epitope assumption is unsupported (UniProt Q9Y2D1 topology and processing). Ask for the catalog antibody's mapped immunogen before attributing weak nuclear staining to epitope masking, and compare serial sections using the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 1:100 primary dilution (datasheet M02792; standard IHC practice). Acetylation at residue 29 and phosphorylation at residue 256 are annotated, but their effects on this antibody's binding cannot be inferred without an epitope map and testing (UniProt Q9Y2D1 modified residues; standard IHC practice).
How can IF help check an ambiguous ATF5 IHC localization pattern?
Use IF as an orthogonal localization check for chromogenic IHC, pairing ATF5 with a marker validated for the expected cell type and imaging nuclei separately (standard IF practice). Choose a fluorophore channel after measuring unstained-section autofluorescence, and include single-stain controls when multiplexing to check bleed-through (standard IF practice). ATF5 has no transmembrane segment and is reported in nucleoplasm, cytosol, and centrosomes; permeabilize fixed cells to access intracellular epitopes, titrating detergent to preserve nuclear and punctate structure (UniProt Q9Y2D1 topology and subcellular; HPA subcellular; standard IF practice). Compare compartment patterns with the chromogenic section, while treating the paraffin IHC caption's 1:100 overnight incubation as IHC evidence only (datasheet M02792).
How do I reduce diffuse DAB background without losing ATF5 signal?
Begin with the catalog section conditions: 10% goat-serum block, 1:100 rabbit primary overnight at 4°C, and peroxidase-linked secondary for 30 minutes at 37°C (datasheet M02792). When diffuse DAB obscures nuclei, compare a no-primary section and a matched section with reduced primary concentration, holding retrieval and DAB development fixed (standard IHC practice). Include a peroxidase-block step and inspect no-primary staining to assess endogenous enzyme contribution; these are general chromogenic controls, not ATF5-specific evidence (standard IHC practice). Also inspect section edges, folds, and necrotic areas before scoring, since uneven exposure and damaged tissue can create misleading deposits (standard IHC practice).
How should I quantify ATF5 across chromogenic tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the scoring compartment before analysis: H-score nuclear ATF5 as 0–300 from percentages at intensities 0–3, and record cytoplasmic staining separately (standard IHC practice; HPA subcellular: supported nucleoplasm and cytosol). Alternatively report percent positive cells or positive nuclei per mm², specifying thresholds and the tissue region examined (standard IHC practice). Normalize counts to the number of evaluable nuclei, or area density to viable tissue area, after excluding folds, necrosis, and section edges by the same rule for every slide (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval, 1:100 primary dilution, DAB development, and counterstain consistent within a comparison set, then score matched no-primary controls (datasheet M02792; standard IHC practice).
How can I distinguish true ATF5 staining from artefact?
A convincing result has reproducible nuclear enrichment in cells, checked against no-primary controls (HPA subcellular: supported nucleoplasm; standard IHC practice). Cytoplasmic or centrosome-associated staining can occur, but isolated DAB puncta do not prove centrosome identity without another localization method (UniProt Q9Y2D1 subcellular; standard IHC practice). Unexpected adipocyte staining merits checking cell identity and background because HPA reports adipocytes as not detected (HPA tissue IHC). Treat edge-only signal, necrotic staining, and staining persisting without primary antibody as artefact candidates; check endogenous peroxidase before assigning expression (standard IHC practice). HPA tissue-IHC reliability is uncertain, with low staining–RNA consistency, so its cell patterns provide context rather than independent validation (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best ATF5 / Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-5 IHC Antibodies
Anti-ATF5 antibodies have IHC images from human pancreas cancer and mouse liver paraffin sections (M02792 IHC captions) and an IF/ICC image from HeLa cells (A02792 IF caption).
Real IHC data
Anti-ATF5 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M02792
Real IF data
Anti-ATF5 Antibody
Cat # A02792
M02792 is listed for IHC, IF and ICC in Human, Mouse and Rat, with IHC images from human pancreas cancer and mouse liver paraffin sections (catalog applications/reactivity; M02792 IHC captions). A02792 is listed for IHC, IF and ICC in those three species, with an ICC image from paraformaldehyde-fixed HeLa cells (catalog applications/reactivity; A02792 IF caption).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose M02792: monoclonal clone HDD-1 has paraffin-section IHC examples; their captions do not report the fixative (catalog clone; M02792 IHC captions). For IF/ICC, choose A02792 for its HeLa staining image with paraformaldehyde fixation and Triton permeabilisation (A02792 IF caption). For cross-species studies, both list Human, Mouse and Rat reactivity and IHC, IF and ICC applications (catalog reactivity/applications).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9Y2D1 (ATF5_HUMAN, Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-5).
- Human Protein Atlas. ATF5 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Uncertain).
- Human Protein Atlas. ATF5 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to vesicles and cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. ATF5 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Differential expression of two activating transcription factor 5 isoforms in papillary thyroid carcinoma. OncoTargets and therapy 2016 — PMC5067000.
- Altered cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in rat after short-term cocaine administration. Scientific reports 2021 — PMC8677764.
- Expression and targeting of transcription factor ATF5 in dog gliomas. Veterinary and comparative oncology 2018 — PMC5677578.
- From collapse to comeback: Luteolin rejuvenates nucleus pulposus progenitor cells via SIRT1/ATF5-UPRmt to reverse intervertebral disc degeneration cascade. Stem cell research & therapy 2026 — PMC13202852.
- PubMed PMID:11087824 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15221005 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ATF5 (Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-5). Expected localisation General nuclear tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M02792). Validated IHC antibody: M02792 at 1:50 recommended; image 1:100 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human pancreas cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M02792); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M02792); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M02792); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M02792); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit monoclonal (clone HDD-1) anti-ATF5, 1:50 recommended; image 1:100 (datasheet M02792); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M02792). Watch for: Fixation: Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining and RNA data show low consistency; verify the pattern (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No recorded isoforms; one 1–282 chain (UniProt); Regulation: HSPA1A/B interaction stabilizes ATF5 (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9Y2D1, HPA tissue IHC · Uncertain, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to…, Datasheet M02792, PMC5067000, PMC8677764. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ATF5/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.