AXL Antibodies

Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL)

Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. After activation by ligand, ALX binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3- kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11.

Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TNS2. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL contributes to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	AXL
Uniprot:	P30530
Entrez:	558

Family

Belongs to:
protein kinase superfamily

Alternative Names

AI323647; ARK; AXL oncogene; AXL receptor tyrosine kinase; AXL transforming sequence/gene; Axl; EC 2.7.10; EC 2.7.10.1; JTK11; Tyro7; tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO; UFO; UFOoncogene AXL

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
98.337 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	19q13.2
Sequence:	19; NC_000019.10 (41219223..41261767)

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in metastatic colon tumors. Expressed in primary colon tumors. Weakly expressed in normal colon tissue.

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Myeloproliferative Syndrome, Transient
• Tissue Adhesions
• Carcinoma
• Inflammation
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Cell Invasion
• Leukemia
• Nervousness
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Myeloid Leukemia

• Growth Arrest
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Kidney Diseases
• Autoimmune Reaction
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Tumor Angiogenesis

Interacting Proteins

• EGFR
• GRB2

Pathways

• Cell Proliferation
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Adhesion
• Phagocytosis
• Cell Growth
• Coagulation
• Angiogenesis
• Cell Migration
• Cell Death
• Secretion
• Immune Response
• Spermatogenesis
• Cell Differentiation

• Platelet Aggregation
• Inflammatory Response
• Chemotaxis
• Cell Cycle
• Methylation
• Blood Coagulation
• Rna Interference

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage
• Gamma-carboxylation
• Methylation
• Carboxylation
• Decarboxylation

• Dephosphorylation
• Reduction
• Glycosylation
• Acetylation
• Demethylation
• Ubiquitination

• Deglycosylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/AXL

Boster Bio Review - Best Uses Of The AXL Marker

In this article, we will review the benefits of using the AXL Marker. The benefits of using the AXL Marker are discussed in detail, as well as a discussion of MERTK mutations and the custom genome-edited zebrafish/c. elegans models available from InVivo Biosystems. The information presented here is applicable to scientists from around the world.

Benefits of using the AXL Marker

The AXL Marker is a biomarker that has potential for use in breast cancer treatment. This marker has a high degree of clinical utility because it is a mesenchymal-specific protein. The expression of this protein increases with drug resistance and the number of therapies given. In addition, it has been shown to correlate with distant metastatic sites compared to CK-positive single CTCs.

In addition, many types of cancers are characterized by the overexpression or activation of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. Many cancers have elevated levels of the AXL marker or the GAS6 major ligand, which is related to poor prognosis. However, AXL inhibitors have been shown to improve drug sensitivity and efficacy in cancer patients.

MERTK mutations

MERTK has been shown to be a potential therapeutic target for melanoma. Mutations in MERTK alter the protein's ability to recognize peptides and regulate their activity. However, more research is needed to identify the underlying mechanism and determine the effects of MERTK mutations on melanoma cell survival. Boster Bio has undertaken this work. To determine the effect of MERTK mutations on melanoma cell survival, a merTK knockdown was performed in cell lines with known mertka expression.

In addition to the mutations that affect the mertk gene, the researchers are investigating the behaviors of Boster cell lines. One such cell line is the kcat mutant, which displays a high tendency to accumulate mertin in tumors. A recent study in Boster Bio found that a similar number of cells carrying mutations to MERTK are resistant to certain drugs. Boster Bio scientists are eligible for product credits for these studies.

Other associations between MERTK and cancer have been reported. While these associations are less significant than those for AXL, there is a connection between the two proteins. Interestingly, MERTK is also associated with mitochondrial pathways. Its positive correlations with BCKDHA and ACO2 may be responsible for this. The association with cell adhesion proteins like FYN and CDh2 is a possible mechanism as well.

In addition to the MERTK gene, MERTK is also associated with the TYRO3 receptor kinase family. The protein consists of two Ig-like C2-type domains and fibronectin type-III. Mutations in MERTK are associated with disruptions of the phagocytosis pathway in RPE cells and the development of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Boster validates its antibodies by testing both positive and negative samples to ensure that they are accurate.

InVivo Biosystems Custom zebrafish/c. elegans genome edited models for AXL

InVivo Biosystems is a company that provides end-to-end services for drug discovery and development. Founded in 1999, the company specializes in C. elegans and zebrafish models, providing customized, in-vivo analysis and data for early-stage drug development. Our team of scientists has over 40 years of combined experience in gene editing, resulting in a highly optimized genetically altered organism.

The AXL protein kinase is an important regulator of many physiological processes. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces AXL dimerization, phosphorylation of the PI3-kinase subunits and recruitment of GRB2 via phosphatidyl 3 kinase. These signaling events lead to the activation of the AKT kinase.

AXL can be used to study neural circuits in C. elegans. The AXL protein is important for sensory-motor integration and involves the use of computational strategies to study neural pathways. OpenWorm is an open-source platform that simulates all aspects of C. elegans behavior. Neural network modeling combines the structural connectome data from C. elegans with a physiological model of the neuron. The results from this computational approach allow researchers to predict the responses to novel situations.

InVivo Biosystems Custom zeBRAfish/c. elegans genome edited models for AXL helps researchers test potential drugs quickly and effectively. Drug dosage can be determined through genetic reproduction of disease state and condition. The genomic editing of the AXL gene can also enable multiple genetic variants to be modelled to match the population demographics.