Apolipoprotein A-I Antibodies

Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1)

Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility.

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	APOA1
Uniprot:	P02647
Entrez:	335

Family

Belongs to:
apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family

Alternative Names

Alp-1; APOA1; Apo-AI; apoA-I; Apolipoprotein A1; Apolipoprotein AI; Apolipoprotein A-I; Brp-14; Ltw-1; Lvtw-1; MGC117399; Sep-1; Sep-2

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
30.778 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	11q23.3
Sequence:	11; NC_000011.10 (116835751..116837950, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Major protein of plasma HDL, also found in chylomicrons. Synthesized in the liver and small intestine. The oxidized form at Met-110 and Met-136 is increased in individuals with increased risk for coronary artery disease, such as in carrier of the eNOSa/b genotype and exposure to cigarette smoking. It is also present in increased levels in aortic lesions relative to native ApoA-I and increased levels are seen with increasing severity of disease.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Atherosclerosis
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Obesity
• Dyslipidemias
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Heart Diseases
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypertensive Disease
• Inflammation
• Hypercholesterolemia

• Insulin Resistance
• Diabetes Mellitus, Non-insulin-dependent
• Arteriosclerosis
• Myocardial Infarction
• Infarction
• Metabolic Syndrome X
• Dysequilibrium Syndrome

Interacting Proteins

• ABCA1
• APP
• CMTM5
• FGA
• HP

• LCAT

Pathways

• Transport
• Cholesterol Efflux
• Cholesterol Transport
• Reverse Cholesterol Transport
• Secretion
• Pathogenesis
• Cholesterol Homeostasis
• Excretion
• Coagulation
• Aging
• Lipid Transport
• Localization
• Inflammatory Response

• Cell Adhesion
• Regeneration
• Menopause
• Lipid Homeostasis
• Lipid Binding
• Proteolysis
• Translation

PTMs

• Oxidation
• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage
• Glycosylation
• Acetylation

• Methylation
• Demethylation
• Biotinylation
• Nitration
• Reduction

Research Areas

• Biologically Active Proteins
• Breast Cancer
• Cancer
• Diabetes Research
• Lipid and Metabolism

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/APOA1

Best Uses Of The APOA1 Marker

The APO1 marker is a versatile biomarker. It has many uses and benefits. Researchers can use the results for identification of particular species and applications and also to obtain product credits. Researchers across the globe can get the results. Scientists can submit samples or applications to Boster Bio for analysis. This service is free and is available to all scientists in the world. Continue reading to learn more about the APOA1 marker.

S100A12

The importance of ApoA1 is well-established. ApoA1 antibodies bind to the Toll-like receptors of target cells and trigger a variety pro-inflammatory responses. Research on epidemiology supports the biochemical relationship between ApoA1 antibodies and CARKD. ApoA1 self-antibodies have been associated with acute coronary syndrome, myocardial damage and severe carotid stasis.

ApoA1 levels may not be the only determinant of atherosclerosis. However they are linked to LDL-C and HDL-C. These findings suggest that ApoA1 may play an important role in predicting the outcome of atherosclerosis. If this marker has the potential to improve the prognosis for those suffering from atherosclerosis could be a valuable instrument for the cardiovascular community.

ApoA1

In 1993, Steven Boster developed the first product, an ELISA kit. It was known as the "science converter" because of his propensity for creating his own inventions Boster Bio quickly became China's leading catalog antibody company. His innovations include the PicoKine(tm), a proprietary ELISA platform, and the creation of hundreds of primary antibodies. Boster Bio now offers a assortment of ApoA1 products, which range from high-sensitivity ELISA kits to quantitative immunoassays.

The ApoA1 marker is linked to LDL-C and HDL-C, well-known cardiovascular disease risk markers. The ApoA1 marker is more reliable than HDL-C or LDL-C in regards to predicting atherosclerosis. It was found to be more accurate than ApoB and its ratio in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease in men who are older.

Research is proving that ApoA1 levels can predict the way in which interferon therapy will be received by patients suffering from RRMS. Furthermore, it is associated with higher levels of HDL, a nutrient which is associated with less inflammation. ApoA1I levels could also reveal cognitive abilities in MS patients. In addition, it can be used to predict prognosis for patients, according to Koutsis' study.

The ApoA1 marker was also associated with glucose levels. It was associated positively with S100A12 and LDL-C levels in high-risk groups of patients not treated for RRMS. In women, ApoA1 levels were inversely associated with the levels of lipids. ApoA1 levels were also linked to age, but not sexual activity. This suggests that ApoA1 levels are associated with the age of women suffering from RRMS.

sHDL-DOX

SHDL-DOX is a peptide-based drug, and a recent study discovered that it is particularly efficient in battling cardiovascular disease. It is available in lyophilized forms and has the lowest amount of drug load. Because of its hydrodynamic dimensions, sHDL can be easily reconstituted with water. It is a good choice for drug delivery because it doesn't connect to membrane proteins as other peptides.

The study demonstrated that sHDL–DOX could stimulate antitumor T cells responses in mice, and it improved the biopharmacokinetics of DOX and tumor targeting. It also stimulated strong T cell responses to live tumor cells. In addition, it blocked the growth of colon cancer in 80 percent of mice and inhibited liver metastasis in CT26 mice. Moreover, sHDL-DOX induced an indefinite immune response against the cancerous cells that were rechallenged. Additionally, it stimulated tumor cells to immune checkpoint blockade.

Combined treatment with sHDL-DOX and APD-1 resulted in an increased antitumor effect in mice. The combination of sHDL-DOX and aPD-1 resulted in reduction in tumors in 88% of animals, whereas free DOX and aPD-1 dual therapy did not prevent the growth of established tumors. This is a promising development for patients suffering from cancer.

LC-MS

Boster Bio is an antibody manufacturing company. They have been providing antibodies to the biomedical field since 1993. They are famous for their ELISA kits. Recently, they've added molecular biology products based on PCR to their collection. They also offer a variety of services to scientists including free technical assistance and 24 hour assistance. Learn more about Boster Bio and their products.

The circulation of cholesterol throughout the body is controlled by the APOA1 gene. It is crucial to know the function of APOA1 genes and how they contribute to HDL. Defects in this gene lead to Tangier disease and systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis. Overexpression of the APOA1 gene enhances macrophage specific reverse cholesterol transport.

Apo-A1 is one of the biomarkers that can be useful for those at high risk of developing MS. It can aid in identifying high-risk patients, however it might not be found early enough. To fully understand the purpose of this marker, further research is required. The biomarker could aid in treatment and detect high-risk MS cases. Although research is ongoing, it has already proven promising.

ELISA

To determine the serum APOA1 levels, an ELISA was developed for the APOA1 markers in 2001. The blood levels that are low of ApoA1 are linked to an increased risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events. Researchers discovered that patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke had a lower chance of survival if their serum ApoA1 levels were high. To determine the level of ApoA1, researchers tested the serum of a group of patients suffering from acute Ischemic stroke. The ApoA1 level was positively associated with the outcome of the clinical trial and mortality and vessel stenosis.

ApoA1 is a marker of HDL cholesterol and is implicated in multiple pathways that protect the function of endothelial cells. It also inhibits apoptosis as well as increases nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation. An ELISA for the APOA1 marker provides quantitative measurements of ApoA1 levels in plasma, serum, and supernats of cell cultures.

The sensitivity and specificity of the APOA1 markers is extremely high. The kit's sensitivity and specificity are 94% and 86.6%, respectively, making it ideal for the purpose of separating cases and controls of APOA1.

As an additional benefit the APOA1 marker might be useful in diagnosing cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that ApoA1 levels are lower in patients with advanced cancer. It has been associated with early-stage ovarian cancer cervical cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia and metastases, as well as other forms of cancer. Researchers are studying this marker as an oblique urinary biomarker however there is no specific link between apoA1 levels with cancer risk.

Neurodegenerative disease

New imaging biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders are bringing a wider perspective to the field. In recent years imaging biomarkers have experienced a significant increase in their use and has brought further advantages to the field of neurodegenerative diseases. This article will focus on neuroimaging and machine-learning as tools for better understanding the biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. We will also briefly go over some of the most widely used neurodegenerative imaging techniques.

While ELISA is the most common method of determining ApoA1 levels However, it isn't extremely sensitive and is not reliable for absolute quantification. Although ApoA1 levels can be compared between samples within the same batch but there is a lower degree of certainty between runs. ApoA1 tests were carried out on the same day and by the same operator using the same set of standards to reduce the variability between runs.

In PD, higher ApoA1 levels are related to greater dopaminergic integrity. Patients suffering from PD have higher DAT density when they have higher ApoA1 levels. Additionally, higher levels of ApoA1 are associated with a greater age at onset, and higher DAT density in PD patients. The results of these studies confirm the hypothesis that higher ApoA1 levels may protect against neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with PD.

Apo-AI levels in MS are not utilized in RRMS. But it has been found that patients with higher ApoA1 levels show better response to interferon therapy. While this biomarker has not been widely employed in RRMS however, higher Apo A1 levels could indicate better prognosis in a broader MS population. Higher cognitive function was associated with a higher ApoA175G/A mutagenesis.