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CDIP1 / Cell death-inducing p53-target protein 1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CDIP1
Plan chromogenic CDIP1 IHC-P with catalog antibody A10988, starting at 2.5 μg/mL (datasheet). Its IHC example uses mouse tissue (datasheet); the human tissue staining profile has medium agreement with RNA expression and awaits external verification (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CDIP1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasm and nucleus observed (HPA tissue IHC); late endosome and lysosome membranes annotated (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic/nuclear; high in tubal glands and spermatocytes (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Fallopian tube+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Spleen |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A10988) | |
| Caveat | Medium RNA–stain concordance; external verification pending (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | p53 target; staining response unverified (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 3 isoforms; variant-specific staining unresolved (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CDIP1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by one published CDIP1 chromogenic IHC protocol (PMC7965692).
| Sample | Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10988); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CDIP1, 2.5 μg/mL (datasheet A10988) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CDIP1-positive staining in glandular cells of fallopian tube (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen-retrieval rule); the paper reports heated citrate without temperature or duration (PMC7965692).
Section 2
What Is the Expected CDIP1 Staining Pattern?
In paraffin-section IHC, expect CDIP1 staining in the cytoplasm and nuclei of selected cells (HPA tissue IHC: general cytoplasmic and nuclear expression). UniProt places CDIP1 at late endosome and lysosome membranes and annotates no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q9H305). Interpret intensity by cell type: fallopian-tube glandular cells and testis pachytene spermatocytes stain strongly in HPA images (HPA: High). HPA rates the IHC evidence Approved, with medium consistency and pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC).
| Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in expected cells, strongest in the cited high-staining examples. | This fits the reported tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC: general cytoplasmic and nuclear expression; High in fallopian-tube glandular cells and testis pachytene spermatocytes). Score the relevant cell population and compartment, since nearby cells need not share its intensity (general IHC practice). |
| An isolated strong plasma-membrane rim, with little staining in the expected compartments. | Treat this as a suspect pattern and investigate staining specificity (HPA tissue IHC: general cytoplasmic and nuclear expression; UniProt Q9H305: late endosome and lysosome membranes, no transmembrane segment). Nuclear staining alone is not grounds for rejection because HPA reports it in tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Strong signal in spleen red-pulp cells or another cell population inconsistent with the chosen reference. | Check cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity before calling it CDIP1 (HPA tissue IHC: Not detected in spleen red-pulp cells; general IHC practice). The spleen entry concerns those cells, not every cell in the organ (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Diffuse color over tissue, blank areas, or many unrelated structures. | This is difficult to assign to a CDIP1 compartment or cell type (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic and nuclear profile). Review background and detection controls before scoring it as positive (general IHC practice). |
| No staining in a reference section containing expected positive cells. | A negative run is inconclusive until slide quality and detection controls are checked (general IHC practice). Fallopian-tube glandular cells or testis pachytene spermatocytes provide high-staining references in HPA images, but staining still needs independent confirmation (HPA: High; Approved, pending external verification). |
💡Expected CDIP1 appearanceCall a result positive when the expected cell population shows distinguishable cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining, with strong signal in HPA's high-staining examples; broad background or an isolated membrane rim is suspect (HPA tissue IHC: profile and High examples; UniProt Q9H305 topology; general IHC practice).
| Cell-specific reference intensity | HPA reports High staining in fallopian-tube glandular cells and testis pachytene spermatocytes, Medium in several listed cell types, Low in others, and no detection in spleen red-pulp cells (HPA tissue IHC). Compare like cell populations when setting a scoring threshold (general IHC practice). |
| Compartment and topology | HPA tissue IHC reports a general cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern; UniProt assigns CDIP1 to late endosome and lysosome membranes without a transmembrane segment (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9H305). These descriptions guide interpretation but do not identify the stained epitope. |
| Antibody evidence | The listed antibody HPA049352 is Approved for IHC, while the tissue profile has medium antibody–RNA consistency and awaits external verification (HPA antibodies; HPA tissue IHC). Treat an unexpected result as a finding to check, rather than a confirmed new localization. |
| Isoforms and processing | UniProt lists 3 isoforms and a single chain spanning residues 1–208, with no signal peptide or propeptide annotated (UniProt Q9H305). The payload gives no epitope, so isoform coverage cannot be assigned to the antibody. |
| IF/ICC Q: Should its puncta match tissue IHC? | HPA ICC-IF places CDIP1 mainly at the centrosome, with additional nucleoplasmic signal; tissue IHC reports a general cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern (HPA subcellular; HPA tissue IHC). Judge each application against its own reported pattern. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive cells show no signal. | The run or detection may have failed; a negative slide alone cannot distinguish this from low expression (general IHC practice). | Check section quality, retrieval and detection controls, then compare with a high-staining reference cell population (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: High examples). |
| All tissue appears uniformly brown. | Diffuse background can obscure cell and compartment boundaries (general IHC practice). | Review blocking, washes and detection-only controls; score only separable cellular signal (general IHC practice). |
| Signal follows only a sharp cell-surface rim. | That distribution conflicts with the reported tissue profile and is suspect (HPA tissue IHC: cytoplasmic and nuclear expression). | Check the negative control and compare the expected cells and compartments on a reference section (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Spleen red-pulp cells stain strongly. | HPA reports those cells as Not detected; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Check reagent and detection controls before assigning the signal to CDIP1 (general IHC practice). |
| A low-staining population looks negative. | HPA lists low staining in alveolar cells, cholangiocytes and other specified populations (HPA tissue IHC: Low). | Use the named cell type when interpreting the result and compare it with a high-staining reference (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Nuclear staining seems unexpected from the UniProt location. | The sources describe different observations: endosome and lysosome membranes in UniProt, but nuclear tissue staining in HPA (UniProt Q9H305; HPA tissue IHC). | Retain a well-controlled nuclear signal for assessment; HPA also reports nucleoplasmic signal by ICC-IF (general IHC practice; HPA subcellular). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CDIP1 staining
A10988 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of FNIP2 in mouse brain tissue with FNIP2 antibody at 2.5 μg/mL.
A10988 · IFImmunofluorescence of CDIP1 in mouse brain tissue with CDIP1 antibody at 20 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000089486-CDIP1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_14288920
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000089486-CDIP1/tissue/colon#imid_14293654
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000089486-CDIP1/tissue/liver#imid_14293663
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000089486-CDIP1/tissue/kidney#imid_14293672
HPA · ICC-IF HeLaHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HeLa, antibody HPA049352; green = CDIP1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF HeLaHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HeLa, antibody HPA049352; green = CDIP1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CDIP1 IHC & IF
🧪Run fallopian tube first; its glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in fallopian tube glandular cells). Run spleen as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected in red-pulp cells); any internal negative cells on the fallopian tube slide should be morphologically intact and show counterstain with only background-level chromogen, but HPA does not identify a negative cell type there (HPA: fallopian tube row).
Positive control tissue: Fallopian tube (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Spleen (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show CDIP1 in HeLa, Hep-G2, U2OS, NIH 3T3, with annotated localisation: Centrosome (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a control matched to the primary antibody’s host species and isotype, or host-matched nonimmune IgG for a polyclonal primary; and CDIP1-knockout tissue as a biological negative. For chromogenic IHC, quench endogenous peroxidase and check the fallopian tube slide for residual background; for IF, check tissue autofluorescence with a no-primary control (standard IHC/IF practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A CDIP1-specific fixation window and antigen-retrieval dependency are unreported in the supplied evidence; the selected A10988 caption describes FNIP2 in mouse brain and does not state a fixative (selected A10988 caption). The evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier for CDIP1, although ICC-IF images exist for HeLa, Hep-G2, U2OS and NIH 3T3 (HPA subcellular). No fallopian-tube-specific artefact is reported in the supplied evidence; evaluate glandular background on the control slides (HPA: High in fallopian tube glandular cells).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CDIP1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Testis | Pachytene spermatocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spleen | Cells in red pulp | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CDIP1 IHC Tips
Troubleshooting guidance for CDIP1 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections, with one entry for tissue immunofluorescence.
What should I change when CDIP1 staining is weak after retrieval?
Start with citrate pH 6.0 heat-induced retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval rule). Keep section thickness, cooling time, and antibody concentration constant while comparing retrieval runs, so a change in staining has a clear cause (standard IHC practice). CDIP1 is associated with late endosome and lysosome membranes, although no transmembrane segment is annotated; that annotation does not establish an optimal retrieval condition (UniProt Q9H305). If staining remains weak, trial a shorter or longer citrate incubation before testing EDTA pH 9.0 as a fallback (standard IHC practice). Compare signal with morphology and background on matched control sections (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven CDIP1 staining?
CDIP1-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown from the supplied evidence; no fixation condition has been established for this antibody here (supplied evidence). For a controlled paraffin-section comparison, use 10% neutral buffered formalin and document fixation duration, tissue thickness, and processing schedule (standard IHC practice). Compare matched sections processed under consistent conditions before attributing weak staining to fixation, because retrieval and detection can also affect chromogenic signal (standard IHC practice). Assess nuclear detail, tissue integrity, and edge-to-center staining on each section; pronounced gradients can indicate a processing problem (standard IHC practice). HPA staining patterns and UniProt topology do not establish fixation sensitivity (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9H305).
How should I assess cytoplasmic, nuclear, or punctate CDIP1 staining?
Score cytoplasmic, nuclear, and punctate staining separately rather than collapsing them into one positive call (standard IHC practice). UniProt places CDIP1 at late endosome and lysosome membranes without an annotated transmembrane segment, supporting careful review of punctate cytoplasmic signal (UniProt Q9H305). HPA tissue IHC reports general cytoplasmic and nuclear expression, while HPA cell imaging supports centrosomal and additional nucleoplasmic localisation (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Those observations come from different assay settings and do not validate every chromogenic pattern in a paraffin section (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Record cell type, compartment, and staining intensity against matched controls before interpreting an unexpected pattern (standard IHC practice).
How can isoforms or epitope access alter CDIP1 IHC results?
CDIP1 has 3 annotated isoforms, and its LITAF domain spans residues 122–206 in the supplied record (UniProt Q9H305). The supplied evidence does not identify this antibody’s epitope or establish which isoforms it detects (supplied evidence). Obtain the immunogen region and isoform coverage for the antibody before treating absence of staining as absence of every CDIP1 isoform (standard IHC practice; UniProt Q9H305). Compare retrieval conditions on matched sections if epitope masking is suspected, while checking that stronger staining does not raise background (standard IHC practice). No glycosylation sites or modified residues are annotated, so the record supplies no specific modification-based explanation for staining differences (UniProt Q9H305).
How should I pilot CDIP1 tissue IF alongside a cell-type marker?
For a cerebellar IF pilot, pair CDIP1 with a validated Purkinje-cell marker and identify that cell population independently of CDIP1 signal (HPA tissue IHC: medium in Purkinje cells; standard IF practice). Place the weaker signal in a bright, spectrally separated red or far-red channel, and check unstained tissue for autofluorescence before choosing fluorophores (standard IF practice). Because CDIP1 has endosome and lysosome membrane annotations but no stated epitope orientation, establish whether the antibody requires intracellular access before selecting permeabilisation (UniProt Q9H305; supplied evidence). If needed, compare brief 0.1% detergent treatment with an unpermeabilised section while monitoring morphology (standard IF practice). Include single-label controls to assess bleed-through and channel-specific background (standard IF practice).
What should I check when CDIP1 DAB staining looks diffuse?
First compare the primary-antibody section with a no-primary control and examine whether brown signal follows tissue edges, pigment, or damaged regions (standard IHC practice). For a peroxidase-based DAB workflow, a 3% hydrogen peroxide block for about 10 min is a general starting condition, not CDIP1-specific evidence (standard IHC practice). Titrate the primary antibody and detection reagent separately, keeping retrieval and development time fixed during each comparison (standard IHC practice). Evaluate background in compartments and cells where the proposed CDIP1 pattern is least convincing, alongside a matched positive control (standard IHC practice). HPA reports no CDIP1 detection in spleen red-pulp cells, but that observation alone does not certify a negative-control section (HPA tissue IHC).
How should I quantify CDIP1 staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and staining compartment before scoring, and keep section processing, imaging, and thresholds consistent across samples (standard IHC practice). For cellular staining, report the percentage of positive cells and an H-score from 0–300 when intensity categories are reproducible (standard IHC practice). For punctate staining, report positive puncta or stained area per mm², with the segmentation rule stated explicitly (standard image analysis practice). Normalise counts to the number of eligible cells or evaluable tissue area, and exclude folds, necrosis, and section edges by a prespecified rule (standard IHC practice). Keep cytoplasmic and nuclear results separate because both patterns have been reported (HPA tissue IHC).
Which CDIP1 staining patterns are credible, and which suggest artefact?
A credible result reproduces in the expected cell population and compartment across matched sections and agrees with the relevant control staining (standard IHC practice). CDIP1 has endosome and lysosome membrane annotations, while HPA reports cytoplasmic and nuclear tissue staining; treat either pattern as evidence to assess, not automatic proof of specificity (UniProt Q9H305; HPA tissue IHC). Check surprising strong signal against HPA’s high staining in fallopian-tube glandular cells and pachytene spermatocytes, where suitable comparison material is available (HPA tissue IHC). Edge-only staining, necrotic areas, or signal present without primary antibody favors artefact (standard IHC practice). Investigate endogenous peroxidase when DAB persists in the no-primary control (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best CDIP1 / Cell death-inducing p53-target protein 1 IHC Antibodies
A10988 lists IHC-P and IF for human and mouse (catalog: applications/reactivity). Its IF figure labels CDIP1, while its IHC figure labels FNIP2 (IF/IHC image alts).
Real IHC data
Anti-CDIP CDIP1 Antibody
Cat # A10988
A10988 is the sole card and lists IHC-P and IF with human and mouse reactivity (catalog: applications/reactivity). Its IHC figure shows mouse brain labeled FNIP2, while its IF figure shows CDIP1 in mouse brain (IHC/IF image alts).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, A10988 lists IHC-P starting at 2.5 μg/mL (catalog: applications; datasheet: 2.5 μg/mL), but its mouse-brain IHC caption names FNIP2 and does not report a fixative (IHC image alt). For IF, A10988 has a CDIP1 mouse-brain figure at 20 μg/mL (IF image alt); ICC is not listed and clonality is unreported (catalog: applications/clone). For cross-species planning, A10988 lists human and mouse reactivity, while the supplied figures show mouse brain only (catalog: reactivity; IHC/IF image alts).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9H305 (CDIP1_HUMAN, Cell death-inducing p53-target protein 1).
- Human Protein Atlas. CDIP1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. CDIP1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the centrosome. In addition localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. CDIP1 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Cardiac telocytes inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis through exosomal miRNA-21-5p-targeted cdip1 silencing to improve angiogenesis following myocardial infarction. Theranostics 2021 — PMC7681094.
- IL-33 Promotes the Growth of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through Regulating miR-128-3p/CDIP1 Signalling Pathway. Cancer management and research 2021 — PMC7965692.
- PubMed PMID:10570909 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:17599062 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:11230166 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CDIP1 (Cell death-inducing p53-target protein 1). Expected localisation Cytoplasm and nucleus observed (HPA tissue IHC); late endosome and lysosome membranes annotated (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A10988 at 2.5 μg/mL (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Fallopian tube (Glandular cells); negative Spleen. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10988); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CDIP1, 2.5 μg/mL (datasheet A10988); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A10988); Caveat: Medium RNA–stain concordance; external verification pending (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 3 isoforms; variant-specific staining unresolved (UniProt); Regulation: p53 target; staining response unverified (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9H305, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the centrosome. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet A10988, PMC7965692. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CDIP1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.