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CEP78 / Centrosomal protein of 78 kDa · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for CEP78
Plan CEP78 paraffin-section IHC around cytoplasmic staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) and a starting antibody dilution of 1:100–1:300 (datasheet). Breast myoepithelial cells and kidney tubular cells provide high-staining reference populations (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
CEP78 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in cells of most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Breast+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining–RNA consistency is medium (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Widely expressed (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 4 isoforms; epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended CEP78 IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet) with three published CEP78 paraffin-section protocols (PMC4928268; PMC7607667; PMC8097100).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A13706) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A13706); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-CEP78, 1:100-1:300 (datasheet A13706) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | CEP78-positive staining in myoepithelial cells of breast (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 HIER at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval rule). The retina protocol specifies Cell Conditioning 2 retrieval (PMC8097100).
Section 2
What Is the Expected CEP78 Staining Pattern?
CEP78 is a non-transmembrane protein at the centriole wall, pericentriolar material and cilium basal body (UniProt Q5JTW2: topology and subcellular location). In tissue IHC, expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining, with strong signal reported in selected epithelial and other cell populations (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat the pattern as a guide: HPA rates the staining Approved, with medium agreement with RNA data and external verification pending (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Cytoplasmic chromogenic signal in bronchial respiratory epithelial cells or kidney tubular cells (HPA: High in both). | This fits the reported tissue pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). Fine centrosomal puncta may be difficult to resolve in paraffin-section IHC; use the cell compartment and distribution as practical checks (UniProt Q5JTW2: subcellular location; general IHC practice). |
| Signal appears predominantly nuclear, with little cytoplasmic staining. | A nuclear-only pattern conflicts with the reported cytoplasmic tissue profile and centrosomal localization (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q5JTW2: subcellular location). Check the counterstain, chromogen deposits and antibody-dependent staining before scoring it as CEP78 (general IHC practice). |
| Strong staining occurs in adipocytes or duodenal glandular cells (HPA: Not detected in both). | This differs from those HPA observations and warrants a specificity check (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare adjacent expected-positive cells and a no-primary control; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity are possible causes, not diagnoses from appearance alone (general IHC practice). |
| A uniform haze covers cells, stroma or the section edge. | That distribution obscures the cell-restricted pattern needed for interpretation (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). Review blocking, washes, antibody concentration and detection background using the same run's controls (general IHC practice). |
| No signal appears in bronchial respiratory epithelium or kidney tubules (HPA: High in both). | First consider a failed stain or detection step, then sample variation (general IHC practice). An HPA High designation is a reference observation, not a guarantee for every specimen; its IHC assessment has medium RNA agreement and awaits external verification (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). |
💡Expected CEP78 appearanceA supported positive is chiefly cytoplasmic staining in HPA High cells such as kidney tubules or bronchial respiratory epithelium; isolated nuclear signal or uniform background is suspect (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q5JTW2: subcellular location; general IHC practice).
| Compartment and resolution | CEP78 is reported at the centriole wall, pericentriolar material and basal body (UniProt Q5JTW2: subcellular location). HPA describes tissue IHC as cytoplasmic (HPA: tissue IHC); absence of visible puncta in chromogenic sections alone does not establish a negative result (general IHC practice). |
| Tissue and cell choice | Reported High cells include breast myoepithelial cells, epididymal glandular cells and late spermatids; adipocytes and smooth muscle cells are Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Select a reported High cell population for a positive reference and assess the named cells, not a whole-section average (general IHC practice). |
| Strength of validation | The tissue pattern is Approved, with medium consistency between staining and RNA expression and external verification pending (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). HPA048846 has Approved IHC status; no independent-antibody reproduction or Enhanced designation is supplied (HPA: antibody validation). Interpret unexpected staining with controls (general IHC practice). |
| Isoforms and epitope coverage | Four CEP78 isoforms are listed (UniProt Q5JTW2: isoforms). The supplied evidence gives no antibody epitope or isoform coverage, so differences between specimens cannot be assigned to isoform recognition from these records; consult epitope documentation if a discrepant pattern requires investigation (general IHC practice). |
| What should IF/ICC show? | Centrosomal, centriolar or basal-body localization is biologically plausible (UniProt Q5JTW2: subcellular location). HPA supplies no main ICC-IF location or cell-line images, and HPA048846 has no ICC validation status here (HPA: subcellular and antibody records); an observed IF pattern cannot be claimed from this evidence. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected-positive cells stain weakly or not at all. | The run may have insufficient antibody signal or a detection failure (general IHC practice); HPA High is a reference observation, not a specimen guarantee (HPA: tissue IHC). | Inspect the positive reference and detection controls, then review the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions for its stated dilution and retrieval conditions; no target-specific retrieval setting is supplied here (general IHC practice). |
| The entire section shows brown haze. | Nonspecific background, excess reagent or incomplete washing can obscure cell boundaries (general IHC practice). | Compare the no-primary control; review blocking, washes and antibody concentration before interpreting tissue differences (general IHC practice). |
| Unexpected cells stain strongly. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice); HPA reports no detection in some named populations, including adipocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). | Identify the stained cell type, compare an HPA High reference in the same run and check the no-primary control. Treat a mismatch as unresolved until specificity is supported (general IHC practice). |
| Staining is mainly nuclear. | That location disagrees with the reported cytoplasmic and centrosomal pattern (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt Q5JTW2: subcellular location). | Check nuclear counterstain and chromogen appearance, then repeat with appropriate controls if the compartment assignment remains uncertain (general IHC practice). |
| A reported negative cell population has no staining. | This can match the reference pattern: adipocytes and smooth muscle cells are Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). | Score the specified cell type and confirm that a reported High cell population stains in the run before calling the assay functional (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| IF/ICC appears diffuse rather than punctate. | UniProt places CEP78 at centrosomal structures, but HPA supplies no ICC-IF images or main-location result for comparison (UniProt Q5JTW2: subcellular location; HPA: subcellular record). | Treat the IF result as unvalidated by these sources; assess compartment assignment and background controls using the separate IF/ICC guide (HPA: antibody ICC status; general IF practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing CEP78 staining
A13706 · IHCImmunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue, using CEP78 Antibody. The picture on the right is blocked
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000148019-CEP78/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_15174566
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000148019-CEP78/tissue/colon#imid_15174492
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000148019-CEP78/tissue/liver#imid_15174493
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000148019-CEP78/tissue/kidney#imid_15174510
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for CEP78 IHC & IF
🧪Run breast first and assess its myoepithelial cells, which HPA scores High for CEP78 (HPA: breast myoepithelial cells, High). Use adipose tissue adipocytes as the negative comparator (HPA: adipocytes, Not detected); on the breast slide, adjacent cells without specific staining should show background signal, but their CEP78 status is not established by the supplied HPA row.
Positive control tissue: Breast (Myoepithelial cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for CEP78; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Myoepithelial cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species and clonality (standard IHC practice). Use a CEP78 knockout specimen or the peptide block shown for the catalog antibody as a biological specificity control (SKU A13706 caption: peptide-blocked image), and block endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection in breast sections (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window, fixation effect and antigen retrieval dependency are unreported in the supplied evidence; the selected paraffin-section caption does not report a fixative (SKU A13706 caption). There is no supplied basis to call frozen sections or IF/ICC easier (SKU A13706 caption: paraffin-section IHC; HPA subcellular: no ICC-IF images). Interpret the breast carcinoma image cautiously when assessing the HPA-listed myoepithelial compartment, since the caption identifies carcinoma tissue while HPA identifies myoepithelial cells as the High breast population (SKU A13706 caption; HPA: breast myoepithelial cells, High).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for CEP78
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | Myoepithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Cells in tubules | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Nasopharynx | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Oral mucosa | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced CEP78 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot CEP78 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, subcellular pattern and cell specific controls before interpreting chromogenic signal.
How should I optimize antigen retrieval when CEP78 staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with citrate buffer at pH 6.0, heat induced retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page IHC-P retrieval setting). Compare adjacent sections processed together, holding antibody incubation and chromogen development constant while checking whether the expected cellular pattern becomes clearer (standard IHC practice). CEP78 is a centrosomal and centriolar protein without a transmembrane segment, so assess intracellular staining rather than a membrane rim (UniProt Q5JTW2 localisation and topology). If staining remains weak, optimize heating duration on serial sections before trying another retrieval buffer, and reject conditions that increase diffuse background (standard IHC practice).
Can I infer an optimal fixative for CEP78 from the available tissue images?
No target specific fixation sensitivity is established for CEP78 in the supplied evidence, so record the fixative and fixation interval for every specimen. The catalog image shows paraffin embedded human breast carcinoma with peptide blocking, but its caption does not state the fixative (A13706 tissue-IHC caption). Compare sections with matched processing and a positive tissue control before attributing weak staining to fixation (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval at citrate pH 6.0, 95–98 °C for 20 min while assessing processing differences (page IHC-P retrieval setting). Do not use broad tissue staining or phosphoserines at positions 325 and 327 to infer a fixation effect (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q5JTW2 modified residues).
What CEP78 staining pattern should I expect in chromogenic tissue sections?
Look for intracellular staining compatible with a centriolar or pericentriolar location, although individual centrioles may be hard to resolve by brightfield microscopy (UniProt Q5JTW2 localisation; standard IHC practice). CEP78 mainly localizes at the centriolar wall and can occur in pericentriolar material and the cilium basal body (UniProt Q5JTW2 localisation). HPA reports cytoplasmic expression in most tissues and high staining in breast myoepithelial cells and kidney tubular cells (HPA tissue IHC). Compare those cell populations with adjacent tissue compartments on the same slide, and treat an isolated membrane rim as inconsistent with the reported topology (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q5JTW2 topology).
How should CEP78 isoforms and epitope uncertainty affect my staining controls?
CEP78 has 4 annotated isoforms, but the supplied antibody caption does not locate its epitope or establish which isoforms it recognizes (UniProt Q5JTW2 isoforms; A13706 tissue-IHC caption). The protein has no annotated signal peptide, propeptide or transmembrane segment, so a predicted extracellular epitope would need independent support (UniProt Q5JTW2 processing and topology). The selected tissue image includes a synthesized peptide blocking comparison, which supports an epitope competition check for that image alone (A13706 tissue-IHC caption). Compare blocked and unblocked serial sections under identical development, then verify any isoform specific interpretation with epitope mapping or orthogonal evidence (standard IHC practice).
How can I follow up an ambiguous CEP78 IHC pattern with multiplex immunofluorescence?
On a separate IF/ICC workflow, pair CEP78 with a validated marker for the expected cell population, such as breast myoepithelial cells, to test cellular assignment (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose fluorophores after inspecting an unstained section for tissue autofluorescence, and place the weaker signal in a cleaner spectral channel (standard IF practice). Because CEP78 is intracellular and lacks a transmembrane segment, use a mild permeabilisation trial to expose intracellular epitopes while preserving punctate structure (UniProt Q5JTW2 localisation and topology; standard IF practice). Include single stain and secondary only controls for bleed through and background; HPA supplies no CEP78 ICC/IF images here (HPA subcellular record; standard IF practice).
How do I reduce diffuse or granular background without losing CEP78 signal?
First inspect a no primary control and adjacent sections for nonspecific detection, then compare background with the peptide blocked image as a reference for the catalog antibody (standard IHC practice; A13706 tissue-IHC caption). Block endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection and use a suitable protein block, with matched wash and development conditions across sections (standard IHC practice). Titrate the primary antibody empirically because the supplied CEP78 evidence gives no working dilution, and stop chromogen development before background obscures cellular boundaries (standard IHC practice). Retain conditions that preserve plausible intracellular signal in high expressing kidney tubular cells while limiting signal in adipocytes reported as undetected (HPA tissue IHC).
What should I score when comparing CEP78 IHC across specimens? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, then record the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity for an H-score (standard IHC practice). Score breast myoepithelial cells separately from neighboring cells because HPA reports high CEP78 staining specifically in that population (HPA tissue IHC). Normalize counts to the number of evaluable cells, or report positive cell density per mm² of viable tissue when cell counts are impractical (standard IHC practice). Use identical retrieval, exposure to chromogen and scoring thresholds across specimens, and exclude necrotic or folded regions from the denominator (page IHC-P retrieval setting; standard IHC practice).
When is a CEP78 positive stain credible rather than an IHC artefact?
A credible result has a reproducible intracellular pattern in the intended cell population, consistent with CEP78 at centrioles or pericentriolar material (UniProt Q5JTW2 localisation; standard IHC practice). HPA reports high staining in kidney tubular cells but no detected staining in adipocytes, providing cell specific comparison points rather than universal rules (HPA tissue IHC). Question signal restricted to section edges, folds or necrosis, and check a no primary control for endogenous enzyme or detection background (standard IHC practice). Peptide blocking in the catalog breast carcinoma image supports that image's staining comparison, but HPA rates tissue staining consistency as medium and pending external verification (A13706 tissue-IHC caption; HPA tissue IHC reliability).
Boster reagents
Best CEP78 / Centrosomal protein of 78 kDa IHC Antibodies
A13706 has a human breast carcinoma paraffin-section IHC figure (IHC image caption). IF is listed without an IF figure, and human and mouse reactivity is listed (catalog: applications, IF images, reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-CEP78 Antibody
Cat # A13706
A13706 will render with an IHC image of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue and a peptide-blocked comparison (IHC image caption). The catalog lists IHC and IF applications and human and mouse reactivity for A13706; it provides no IF image (catalog: applications, reactivity, IF images).
Which to pick: Choose A13706 for paraffin-section tissue IHC because its own caption shows that preparation; the fixative is unreported (IHC image caption). A13706 is also the listed option for IF/ICC and cross-species planning because IF and human and mouse reactivity are listed, though no IF image or mouse tissue image is provided (catalog: applications, reactivity, IF images; IHC image caption). It is a rabbit polyclonal antibody (catalog: host, dilution_raw).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q5JTW2 (CEP78_HUMAN, Centrosomal protein of 78 kDa).
- Human Protein Atlas. CEP78 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. CEP78 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Highest expression in HAP1: 45.5 nTPM.
- Human Protein Atlas. CEP78 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- Low expression of centrosomal protein 78 (CEP78) is associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Chinese journal of cancer 2016 — PMC4928268.
- Centrosome Protein 78 Is Overexpressed in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer and Is Associated with Tumor Molecular Subtypes and Mutation Signatures. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 2020 — PMC7607667.
- Long-Read Sequencing to Unravel Complex Structural Variants of CEP78 Leading to Cone-Rod Dystrophy and Hearing Loss. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 2021 — PMC8097100.
- PubMed PMID:15164053 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for CEP78 (Centrosomal protein of 78 kDa). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A13706 at 1:100-1:300 (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Breast (Myoepithelial cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A13706); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A13706); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-CEP78, 1:100-1:300 (datasheet A13706); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining–RNA consistency is medium (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 4 isoforms; epitope coverage is unknown (UniProt); Regulation: Widely expressed (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q5JTW2, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA cell-line RNA · Highest expression in HAP1: 45.5 nTPM, Datasheet A13706, PMC4928268, PMC7607667. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CEP78/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.