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ILK / Scaffold protein ILK · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ILK
Plan ILK IHC in paraffin sections using skeletal-muscle myocytes and kidney glomerular cells as high-staining references (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers the catalog antibody’s 2–5 μg/ml IHC range (datasheet A02932-3), fixation consistency and interpretation of cytoplasmic staining (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ILK Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic staining in most organs (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Strong cytoplasmic staining in skeletal-muscle myocytes (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A02932-3) | |
| Positive control | Kidney+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA levels show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No staining-linked regulator specified (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 3 isoforms; epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ILK IHC & IF Protocols
Compare the catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: A02932-3) with 4 published ILK IHC protocols (PMC12826184; PMC2588856; PMC4878430; PMC546218).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded mouse colon tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A02932-3) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A02932-3); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A02932-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A02932-3) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-ILK, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A02932-3) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A02932-3) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A02932-3) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ILK-positive staining in cells in glomeruli of kidney (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most organs, with highest abundance in muscle tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet: A02932-3); the cited excerpts do not state retrieval conditions.
Section 2
What Is the Expected ILK Staining Pattern?
In paraffin-section IHC, expect predominantly cytoplasmic ILK staining, especially in skeletal-muscle myocytes and cells in kidney glomeruli (HPA tissue IHC: High in both; cytoplasmic expression in most organs). ILK also localizes to focal adhesions and other intracellular sites (UniProt Q13418: subcellular location). It has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q13418: topology). HPA rates its tissue IHC evidence Enhanced, while reporting medium consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC: reliability).
| Strong intracellular staining in skeletal-muscle myocytes or cells in kidney glomeruli. | This matches the reported high-staining cell populations and provides a useful positive-pattern comparison (HPA tissue IHC: High in both). Judge the relevant cells, rather than assigning one intensity to every structure in the section (general IHC practice). |
| Predominantly cytoplasmic staining, with possible signal near cell junctions or adhesion-rich edges. | The cytoplasmic pattern matches tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC: profile); junctional and focal-adhesion localization is biologically plausible (UniProt Q13418: subcellular location). Routine chromogenic sections may not resolve individual focal adhesions (general IHC practice). |
| Signal confined to extracellular material, luminal contents, or a sharp uninterrupted surface rim. | Treat this as a pattern requiring investigation: ILK has no transmembrane segment, and its annotated locations are intracellular or adhesion-associated (UniProt Q13418: topology and subcellular location). Check controls and tissue morphology before calling it ILK (general IHC practice). |
| Staining in adipocytes or esophageal squamous epithelial cells. | These cell populations were not detected in the supplied tissue survey (HPA tissue IHC: adipocytes; esophagus). Consider nonspecific binding or endogenous chromogenic activity, but verify the exact cell identity and control results before assigning a cause (general IHC practice). |
| No staining in skeletal-muscle myocytes or cells in kidney glomeruli. | Both are reported as High in the HPA survey (HPA tissue IHC: skeletal muscle; kidney). A blank result warrants checking section quality, antibody compatibility, retrieval, detection, and a matched positive control; it alone does not prove ILK absence (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected ILK appearanceCall a positive result when skeletal-muscle myocytes or cells in kidney glomeruli show clear, predominantly cytoplasmic staining, potentially enriched at adhesion-associated regions (HPA tissue IHC: High in both; cytoplasmic profile; UniProt Q13418: focal adhesion); isolated extracellular deposits or staining limited to HPA-undetected cell populations should prompt control review (UniProt Q13418: topology; HPA tissue IHC: adipocytes and esophageal squamous cells).
| Tissue and cell selection (HPA tissue IHC: cell-level staining). | Skeletal-muscle myocytes and glomerular cells offer High-staining comparisons; several glandular and hematopoietic populations are Medium, while listed negative calls apply to specific cells, not whole organs (HPA tissue IHC: positive and negative lists). |
| Compartment and resolution (UniProt Q13418: subcellular location; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | Focal adhesions are a supported main ICC-IF location, with supported cytosol and approved actin-filament localization; nucleoplasm is uncertain (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). These microscopy calls can guide interpretation but do not establish a required punctate pattern in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice). |
| Antibody validation (HPA antibodies: CAB004041 IHC Enhanced; HPA tissue IHC: reliability). | The listed IHC antibody has Enhanced validation, but the tissue profile reports only medium agreement with RNA expression (HPA antibodies: CAB004041; HPA tissue IHC: reliability description). Use the actual IHC-validated antibody's controls when judging a surprising pattern (general IHC practice). |
| Protein forms and epitope scope (UniProt Q13418: isoforms and processing). | UniProt lists three isoforms and a single annotated chain spanning residues 1–452, with no signal peptide or propeptide (UniProt Q13418: isoforms and processing). Without an antibody epitope, these facts cannot establish which isoforms its staining detects. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| The known-positive myocytes or glomerular cells are blank (HPA tissue IHC: High in both). | Possible weak assay signal, an incompatible reagent, or loss of usable tissue; the slide alone cannot distinguish these (general IHC practice). | Confirm section integrity and the antibody's IHC-P instructions; compare a matched positive control, then review retrieval, dilution, incubation, and detection one variable at a time (general IHC practice). |
| Color covers most of the section without recognizable cellular boundaries. | Broad background can result from nonspecific binding, excess primary antibody, incomplete washes, or endogenous detection activity (general IHC practice). | Inspect a no-primary control, verify blocking and wash steps, and adjust antibody or detection conditions according to the assay controls (general IHC practice). |
| Unexpected signal appears in HPA-undetected adipocytes or esophageal squamous cells. | Potential nonspecific staining or endogenous chromogenic activity; HPA's negative observations do not diagnose the mechanism (HPA tissue IHC: negative list; general IHC practice). | Recheck cell identification and compare no-primary and positive controls. If the signal persists only with primary antibody, reassess specificity using the IHC-validated antibody's validation information (general IHC practice). |
| A crisp extracellular or luminal pattern dominates. | That distribution conflicts with ILK's annotated intracellular locations and lack of a transmembrane segment (UniProt Q13418: subcellular location and topology). | Check morphology and a no-primary control for deposits or endogenous color; compare the intracellular staining of a known-positive section before scoring the pattern (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: High in myocytes and glomerular cells). |
| Nuclear staining accompanies a convincing cytoplasmic pattern. | Nuclear localization is annotated by UniProt, while nucleoplasmic ICC-IF localization is uncertain in HPA (UniProt Q13418: subcellular location; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | Record cytoplasmic and nuclear staining separately and check controls. Do not classify nuclear signal as either confirmed ILK or automatic artifact from compartment alone (general IHC practice). |
| Can the ICC-IF focal-adhesion image define the required IHC-P pattern? | HPA supports focal adhesions as the main ICC-IF location, whereas its tissue IHC summary describes mainly cytoplasmic staining (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; HPA tissue IHC: profile). | Use ICC-IF as compartment context and score paraffin-section IHC against its cellular morphology, tissue pattern, and assay controls (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC: positive list). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ILK staining
A02932-3 · IHCIHC analysis of Integrin Linked ILK using anti-Integrin Linked ILK antibody (A02932-3). Integrin Linked ILK was detected in a paraffin-embed
A02932-3 · IHCIHC analysis of Integrin Linked ILK using anti-Integrin Linked ILK antibody (A02932-3). Integrin Linked ILK was detected in a paraffin-embed
A02932-3 · IFIF analysis of Integrin Linked ILK using anti-Integrin Linked ILK antibody (A02932-3). Integrin Linked ILK was detected in an immunocytochem
A02932-2 · IHCIHC analysis of Integrin linked ILK using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (A02932-2). Integrin linked ILK was detected in a paraffin-embed
A02932-2 · IHCIHC analysis of Integrin linked ILK using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (A02932-2). Integrin linked ILK was detected in a paraffin-embed
A02932-2 · IFIF analysis of Integrin linked ILK using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (A02932-2). Integrin linked ILK was detected in immunocytochemica
M02932-2 · IHCIHC analysis of Integrin linked ILK using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (M02932-2). Integrin linked ILK was detected in a paraffin-embed
M02932-2 · IHCIHC analysis of Integrin linked ILK using anti-Integrin linked ILK antibody (M02932-2). Integrin linked ILK was detected in a paraffin-embed
M02932 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human stomach, using ILK Antibody.
M02932 · IFImmunofluorescent analysis of 293 cells, using ILK Antibody.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166333-ILK/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_1374796
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166333-ILK/tissue/colon#imid_1374714
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166333-ILK/tissue/liver#imid_1374715
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000166333-ILK/tissue/kidney#imid_1374716
HPA · ICC-IF PODO/TERT256Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, PODO/TERT256, antibody HPA048437; green = ILK, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF PODO/TERT256Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, PODO/TERT256, antibody HPA048437; green = ILK, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ILK IHC & IF
🧪Run skeletal muscle first and score staining in myocytes (HPA: High in skeletal muscle myocytes); use adipose tissue adipocytes as the negative comparator (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). On the positive slide, assess cells outside the myocytes for background staining, but do not designate them ILK-negative without validation (HPA: High is specified for myocytes).
Positive control tissue: Kidney (Cells in glomeruli, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ILK in PODO/TERT256, U2OS, hTERT-RPE1, hTERT-RPE1 (serum starved), NIH 3T3, with annotated localisation: Focal adhesion sites (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and a rabbit IgG isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s clonality (caption: rabbit anti-ILK); use confirmed ILK-knockout material as a biological negative (standard IHC practice). Check endogenous peroxidase and biotin background in skeletal muscle before interpreting the SABC/DAB signal (caption: SABC/DAB; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected A02932-3 tissue-IHC caption does not state a fixative (caption: fixative not stated). The paraffin-section example uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, which establishes a working condition rather than retrieval dependence (caption: EDTA retrieval, pH 8.0). Frozen sections are not established as easier; ICC-IF images support focal-adhesion localization in cells, but do not establish easier tissue IF processing (HPA subcellular: focal adhesion sites supported; HPA: ICC-IF images).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ILK
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Antibody staining in cells/structures not annotated, view images.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney | Cells in glomeruli | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Skeletal muscle | Myocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Endometrium | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Hippocampus | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced ILK IHC Tips
Troubleshoot chromogenic ILK staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls and scoring before interpreting differences between samples.
What retrieval should I use if ILK staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A02932-3). The selected mouse colon image used that retrieval before an overnight incubation at 4°C with 2 μg/ml antibody (datasheet A02932-3). If staining is weak, check heating consistency and section adherence, then compare a longer retrieval time or a citrate-buffer condition on adjacent sections (standard IHC practice). Keep antibody concentration, detection and development constant during that comparison so a change in signal can be attributed to retrieval (standard IHC practice). Examine whether stronger staining also increases diffuse background or damages tissue morphology (standard IHC practice).
Can fixation explain variable ILK staining between paraffin samples?
The selected ILK tissue-IHC caption identifies a paraffin-embedded mouse colon section but does not state its fixative (datasheet A02932-3). Target-specific sensitivity to fixative type or fixation duration is therefore unknown from the supplied evidence (datasheet A02932-3). Record each sample's fixation history, section thickness and storage conditions, and process comparison sections together before attributing a difference to ILK abundance (standard IHC practice). If fixation varies across a series, compare staining in matched tissue regions and include a consistent positive control in each run (standard IHC practice). Evaluate morphology and background alongside signal, since either can change how confidently a section is scored (standard IHC practice).
Should ILK stain the membrane, cytoplasm or nucleus in tissue sections?
Prioritise cell-associated cytoplasmic and junctional staining: ILK is annotated at focal adhesions and in the cytoplasm, cell cortex and nucleus (UniProt Q13418 subcellular location). Focal adhesion sites are the supported main location in cell imaging, while nucleoplasmic localisation is uncertain (HPA subcellular). In paraffin sections, resolve staining against cell boundaries and morphology rather than expecting individual focal adhesions to be visible by routine chromogenic microscopy (standard IHC practice). Compare suspect nuclear signal with a nuclear counterstain and a no-primary control, and report it separately from cytoplasmic staining (standard IHC practice). A uniformly stained extracellular space is inconsistent with ILK's listed cellular locations (UniProt Q13418 subcellular location).
Could ILK isoforms or epitope masking explain uneven staining?
ILK has 3 annotated isoforms, and its protein kinase domain spans residues 193–446 (UniProt Q13418). The selected tissue-IHC caption does not identify the antibody epitope, so staining cannot be assigned to a particular isoform from that image alone (datasheet A02932-3). ILK has no annotated transmembrane segment or signal peptide, and several modified residues are listed, including phosphothreonine 173 and phosphoserine 246 (UniProt Q13418). If staining varies by compartment or specimen, verify the antibody's documented epitope before invoking splice variants or modification-sensitive recognition (standard IHC practice). Compare adjacent sections under the same retrieval and detection conditions to separate technical variation from a possible biological pattern (standard IHC practice).
How should I check an ILK pattern by multiplex IF?
For a separate IF experiment, pair ILK with a validated marker for the expected cell type and assess whether signal sits at cell contacts or adhesion-rich edges (UniProt Q13418 subcellular location; standard IF practice). HPA cell imaging supports focal adhesion sites and cytosol, with actin filaments also annotated (HPA subcellular). Choose fluorophores after inspecting unstained tissue autofluorescence, and reserve the cleaner channel for the weaker target signal (standard IF practice). Because ILK has no transmembrane segment and is annotated in intracellular compartments, use permeabilisation appropriate for access to the antibody's documented epitope (UniProt Q13418 topology and subcellular location; standard IF practice). Confirm apparent overlap with single-stain and no-primary controls before calling colocalisation (standard IF practice).
How can I reduce diffuse or punctate DAB background?
The selected ILK paraffin-section image used 10% goat serum blocking, 2 μg/ml rabbit primary antibody overnight at 4°C, and biotinylated secondary detection with DAB (datasheet A02932-3). If background is diffuse, compare a primary-antibody dilution series while holding retrieval and DAB development constant, and check wash stringency (standard IHC practice). Include a no-primary section and a peroxidase-block step to identify detection-related staining (standard IHC practice). Because the illustrated workflow uses biotin-based detection, compare a suitable biotin-independent system if tissue-associated background persists (datasheet A02932-3; standard IHC practice). Score only staining that remains cell-associated and exceeds the matched control signal (standard IHC practice).
What is a defensible way to quantify ILK IHC? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, since ILK is annotated in cytoplasm, junctions and nucleus (UniProt Q13418 subcellular location). For each region, record the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, then calculate an H-score using 0–3 intensity bins if that scale suits the study (standard IHC practice). Alternatively, measure positive-cell density per mm² when cell counts vary strongly across regions (standard IHC practice). Normalise to the number of eligible cells or analysable tissue area, excluding folds, necrosis and section edges by prespecified rules (standard IHC practice). Keep retrieval, detection, imaging and thresholds consistent across compared samples (standard IHC practice).
How do I distinguish true ILK staining from artefact?
Look for reproducible cell-associated staining in plausible compartments, especially cytoplasm and junctional regions, while treating nuclear-only staining cautiously (UniProt Q13418 subcellular location; HPA subcellular). HPA reports high staining in kidney glomerular cells and skeletal-muscle myocytes, but no detection in adipocytes, so cell identity matters when choosing reference regions (HPA tissue IHC). Compare serial sections and a no-primary control before accepting signal concentrated at cut edges or necrotic areas (standard IHC practice). Check whether DAB persists after appropriate peroxidase blocking or appears without primary antibody, which would support an endogenous-enzyme or detection artefact (standard IHC practice). Interpret unexpected patterns alongside morphology and independently documented antibody specificity (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best ILK / Scaffold protein ILK IHC Antibodies
ILK antibodies have paraffin-section IHC images from human, mouse and rat samples (catalog IHC captions); IF/ICC images show A431 and 293 cells (catalog IF captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-Integrin linked ILK Antibody ®
Cat # A02932-3
Real IHC data
Anti-Integrin linked ILK Antibody ®
Cat # A02932-2
Real IHC data
Anti-Integrin linked ILK Antibody ® (monoclonal, 3C7E1)
Cat # M02932-2
Real IHC data
Anti-ILK/Integrin Linked Ilk Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M02932
A02932-3 has IHC images of mouse colon, rat kidney and human lung cancer, while A02932-2 has human bladder epithelial carcinoma IHC and A431 cell IF images (catalog image captions). M02932-2 has human squamous cell lung carcinoma and mouse kidney IHC images; M02932 has human stomach IHC and 293 cell IF images (catalog image captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A02932-2 for a human paraffin-section example or mouse monoclonal M02932-2 for a human carcinoma paraffin-section example; neither caption reports the fixative (catalog IHC captions; catalog clone: 3C7E1). For IF/ICC, A02932-3 has an A431 cell IF image and lists both applications (catalog IF caption; catalog applications). For IHC across species, A02932-3 has paraffin-section images from human, mouse and rat samples (catalog IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q13418 (ILK_HUMAN, Scaffold protein ILK).
- Human Protein Atlas. ILK tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. ILK subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the focal adhesion sites. In addition localized to the nucleoplasm, cytosol and actin filaments..
- Human Protein Atlas. ILK antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- The clinical pathological significance of ILK and FABP4 protein expression in EHCC. Medicine 2026 — PMC12826184.
- Expression of integrin-linked kinase and its binding partners in chondrosarcoma: association with prognostic significance. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 2008 — PMC2588856.
- Integrin-Linked Kinase in Muscle Is Necessary for the Development of Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Diabetes 2016 — PMC4878430.
- Increased expression of integrin-linked kinase is associated with shorter survival in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC cancer 2005 — PMC546218.
- PubMed PMID:8538749 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10871859 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ILK (Scaffold protein ILK). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic staining in most organs (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A02932-3). Validated IHC antibody: A02932-3 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Kidney (Cells in glomeruli); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded mouse colon tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A02932-3); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A02932-3); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A02932-3); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A02932-3); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-ILK, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A02932-3); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A02932-3). Watch for: Fixation: Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining and RNA levels show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 3 isoforms; epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt); Regulation: No staining-linked regulator specified (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q13418, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the focal adhesion sites. In addition localized…, Datasheet A02932-3, PMC12826184, PMC2588856. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ILK/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.