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JMJD1C / Jumonji domain-containing protein 1C · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for JMJD1C
Plan chromogenic JMJD1C IHC on paraffin sections around the reported nuclear tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC). Compare adrenal glandular cells with ovarian follicle cells (HPA tissue IHC), starting the catalog antibody at 2.5 μg/mL (datasheet).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
JMJD1C Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear staining in tissue (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Widespread nuclear staining across cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: nuclear antigen) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Ovary+1 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No established regulator of staining intensity (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 3 isoforms; epitope coverage unknown (UniProt; datasheet) |
Section 1
Recommended JMJD1C IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol uses Tris-EDTA retrieval (page antigen retrieval); the published IHC options below cover testis, thyroid and clinical tissue specimens (PMC5722903; PMC10178269; PMC2965226; PMC8473479).
| Sample | Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A05189); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in Tris-EDTA buffer, pH 9.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: nuclear antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-JMJD1C, 2.5 μg/mL (datasheet A05189) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | JMJD1C-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Ubiquitous nuclear expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with Tris-EDTA pH 9.0, 95–98 °C for 20 min (page antigen retrieval); adjust retrieval using the published conditions for the relevant tissue (PMC5722903; PMC10178269; PMC8473479).
Section 2
What Is the Expected JMJD1C Staining Pattern?
JMJD1C is a nuclear protein with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q15652: subcellular location and topology). In paraffin-section IHC, expect predominantly nuclear staining across many cell types, including adrenal glandular cells and cortical neurons (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression; Medium staining in those cells). Treat this as a guide to interpretation: HPA rates the tissue pattern Approved, with medium agreement between staining and RNA data, pending external verification (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Predominantly nuclear staining in glandular or neuronal cells, at about the Medium level shown in the HPA examples. | This fits the expected IHC pattern (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression; Medium in adrenal glandular and cerebral cortical neuronal cells). Compare nuclei within the same section before judging intensity; Medium is an HPA category, not a universal scoring threshold (HPA: tissue IHC levels). |
| Strong, widespread cytoplasmic staining dominates while nuclei remain weak or blank. | Recheck specificity and detection background: a dominant cytoplasmic IHC pattern conflicts with the reported nuclear tissue profile (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression). A small cytosolic component is possible in IF/ICC (HPA: additional cytosol location, approved), so compartment alone does not prove an artefact. |
| A conspicuous signal appears in ovarian follicle cells or soft-tissue chondrocytes. | HPA reports JMJD1C as Not detected in these sampled cells (HPA: ovary follicle cells; soft-tissue chondrocytes). Check cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity using appropriate controls (general IHC practice). These examples do not establish that every such cell is always negative (HPA: sampled tissue IHC pattern). |
| Brown deposit spreads across stroma, lumens, or tissue edges without clear nuclear boundaries. | Treat this as background until controls support a cellular signal (general chromogenic IHC practice). Reassess blocking, washes, primary-antibody concentration, and the detection-only control (general IHC practice); diffuse deposit does not match the reported nuclear pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile). |
| No nuclear signal appears in a section expected to contain HPA Medium-positive cells. | Check that the relevant cells are present, then assess retrieval, antibody performance, and detection controls (general IHC practice). HPA's examples provide reference patterns, not a guarantee for every specimen (HPA: Medium in adrenal glandular cells and cortical neurons; tissue reliability pending external verification). |
💡Expected JMJD1C appearanceCall a result consistent when clearly bounded nuclei in an HPA-positive cell population show a visible, roughly Medium-level chromogenic signal (HPA: ubiquitous nuclear expression; Medium examples); dominant diffuse cytoplasmic or noncellular deposit is a specificity or background warning (HPA: nuclear IHC profile; general IHC practice).
| How strong is the tissue-pattern evidence? | HPA labels its JMJD1C tissue IHC profile Approved, with medium agreement between antibody staining and RNA expression and external verification pending (HPA: reliability). Use the listed cells as practical comparators, while treating an unexpected result as a reason to run controls rather than as proof of altered biology (general IHC practice). |
| Which cell populations offer useful comparisons? | Adrenal glandular and cerebral cortical neuronal cells are Medium; hippocampal neurons and breast glandular cells are Low (HPA: tissue IHC levels). Ovarian follicle cells are Not detected in the supplied profile (HPA: tissue IHC). Score the named cell population and its nuclei, rather than assigning one intensity to an entire organ (general IHC practice). |
| Could isoforms or epitope choice change interpretation? | Three JMJD1C isoforms are listed (UniProt Q15652: isoforms 1–3). The supplied record gives no antibody epitope or isoform-specific IHC pattern, so staining cannot be assigned to a particular isoform from these data (UniProt Q15652: isoform record; HPA: supplied antibody-validation summary). |
| What does antibody validation establish? | HPA056175 is Approved for IHC and ICC; HPA066195 is Approved for ICC, with no IHC status supplied (HPA: antibody validation). Approval supports use of the reported pattern as a reference; it does not resolve an unexpected stain in a new specimen without controls (HPA: tissue reliability; general IHC practice). |
| IF/ICC Q&A: should all signal be nuclear? | Mainly nucleoplasmic staining with an additional cytosolic location is reported in IF/ICC (HPA: approved subcellular locations). That observation helps interpret an IF image, but does not establish a cytosolic IHC pattern or provide an IF protocol (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; HPA: nuclear tissue IHC profile). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| The expected nuclei are blank, including in a Medium-positive comparator (HPA: tissue IHC). | The run may have failed at retrieval, primary-antibody binding, or chromogenic detection (general IHC practice); these data do not identify JMJD1C-specific retrieval sensitivity (HPA and UniProt: supplied evidence). | Verify the named cells are present; review the antibody's IHC instructions and compare a suitable positive section and detection controls in the same run (general IHC practice). |
| Only cytoplasm stains strongly in the test and comparator sections (HPA: expected nuclear IHC profile). | Nonspecific binding or detection background is possible (general IHC practice). Additional cytosol was observed by IF/ICC, but its extent in paraffin IHC is not established here (HPA: ICC-IF subcellular location). | Check nuclear counterstain and cellular boundaries, then compare primary-omission and other appropriate controls before scoring the cytoplasmic signal (general IHC practice). |
| Follicle cells or chondrocytes stain unexpectedly (HPA: Not detected in supplied tissue examples). | Cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic detection activity may produce signal (general IHC practice); the HPA examples alone cannot assign its cause (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Run detection-only and primary-omission controls, inspect whether deposit is nuclear, and compare a supported positive cell population (general IHC practice; HPA: nuclear IHC profile). |
| The section has broad haze or precipitate that obscures nuclei (general chromogenic IHC practice). | Inadequate blocking or washing, overly concentrated reagents, or detection precipitate are possible workflow causes (general IHC practice); no JMJD1C-specific cause is supplied (HPA and UniProt: supplied evidence). | Review blocking, reagent preparation, washes, and the detection-only control; score JMJD1C only where individual nuclei can be resolved (general IHC practice; HPA: nuclear profile). |
| Signal varies sharply between fields of the same section (general IHC observation). | Cell composition or uneven processing may contribute (general IHC practice); HPA reports different levels among named cell populations and does not establish a fixation effect for JMJD1C (HPA: tissue IHC levels). | Identify the cell type in each field, compare matched regions, and check section quality and run controls before attributing the difference to JMJD1C expression (general IHC practice). |
| An IF/ICC image shows both nuclear and cytosolic fluorescence (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF profile). | That distribution can fit HPA's mainly nucleoplasmic and additional cytosolic locations (HPA: both locations approved), though fluorescence background remains possible (general IF practice). | Compare the nuclear and cytosolic signal with appropriate fluorescence controls (general IF practice); interpret this image using the separate IF/ICC guide, without treating it as a paraffin-IHC protocol (HPA: ICC-IF and tissue IHC are distinct evidence sets). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing JMJD1C staining
A05189 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of JMJD1C in rat liver tissue with JMJD1C antibody at 2.5 μg/mL.
A05189 · IFImmunofluorescence of JMJD1C in rat liver tissue with JMJD1C antibody at 20 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000171988-JMJD1C/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_16350963
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000171988-JMJD1C/tissue/colon#imid_16345785
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000171988-JMJD1C/tissue/liver#imid_16345778
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000171988-JMJD1C/tissue/kidney#imid_16345779
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA056175; green = JMJD1C, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA056175; green = JMJD1C, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for JMJD1C IHC & IF
🧪Run adrenal gland first: glandular cells should show medium JMJD1C staining (HPA: Medium in adrenal gland glandular cells). Use ovary follicle cells as the negative tissue comparator (HPA: Not detected in ovary follicle cells); on the adrenal slide, neighboring cells without detectable nuclear staining can serve as internal background comparators, but the supplied HPA row does not identify a specific negative cell type.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Ovary (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show JMJD1C in A-431, PC-3, U2OS, Rh30, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) control, an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species, immunoglobulin class and clonality, and JMJD1C knockout material as a biological negative if available. On adrenal sections, check for endogenous peroxidase signal and pigment that could be mistaken for chromogen.
⚠️Feasibility: A JMJD1C-specific fixation window and retrieval dependence are unreported in the supplied evidence, so optimize retrieval empirically for paraffin sections; the selected A05189 rat-liver IHC caption reports 2.5 μg/mL but does not report a fixative (catalog caption: rat liver IHC). The evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier; ICC-IF images place JMJD1C mainly in the nucleoplasm with additional cytosolic signal (HPA: approved subcellular locations). Assess pigment and endogenous peroxidase on adrenal sections when interpreting chromogenic staining.
HPA tissue IHC evidence for JMJD1C
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in molecular layer | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced JMJD1C IHC Tips
Troubleshoot JMJD1C staining in paraffin section IHC by checking retrieval, tissue processing, nuclear localisation and controls; use the IF guidance when comparing modalities.
How should I retrieve JMJD1C when nuclear staining is weak?
Start with Tris-EDTA at pH 9.0 for heat-induced retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 minutes (page retrieval rule: nuclear antigen). Allow slides to cool consistently before blocking, then compare nuclear staining with a matched section processed in the same run (standard IHC practice). If staining remains weak, test a citrate buffer at pH 6.0 as a fallback while holding antibody concentration and detection conditions constant (standard IHC troubleshooting). Evaluate whether the change increases interpretable nuclear signal without raising diffuse tissue background; JMJD1C is nuclear in the UniProt record, and HPA reports ubiquitous nuclear tissue staining (UniProt Q15652; HPA tissue IHC).
Could fixation explain variable JMJD1C staining between paraffin sections?
Target-specific sensitivity of JMJD1C to fixation is unknown from the supplied evidence; the rat liver image caption does not state its fixative (A05189 tissue-IHC caption). Record fixative, fixation duration, tissue thickness and processing history for each block before attributing differences to JMJD1C abundance (standard IHC practice). For a controlled comparison, process matched specimens using the same 10% neutral buffered formalin workflow and the same Tris-EDTA retrieval at pH 9.0 (standard IHC practice; page retrieval rule). Compare intact nuclei and tissue morphology alongside staining intensity; poorly preserved morphology can make apparent nuclear loss difficult to interpret (standard IHC practice).
Should JMJD1C staining be exclusively nuclear in tissue sections?
Expect predominantly nuclear staining: UniProt lists JMJD1C in the nucleus, and HPA describes ubiquitous nuclear expression in tissue IHC (UniProt Q15652; HPA tissue IHC). HPA subcellular IF further places JMJD1C mainly in the nucleoplasm with an additional cytosolic location, so modest cytoplasmic signal alone does not settle specificity (HPA subcellular). In chromogenic sections, compare staining with the counterstained nucleus at 20× and 40× before scoring cellular compartments (standard IHC practice). If strong, uniform cytoplasmic colour obscures nuclei, review retrieval, antibody concentration and detection background using a no-primary control (standard IHC troubleshooting).
How can isoforms or epitope masking affect JMJD1C IHC?
JMJD1C has 3 annotated isoforms, and its JmjC domain spans residues 2274–2498 (UniProt Q15652). Check the catalog antibody’s stated immunogen or epitope against those isoforms before assuming that every JMJD1C-expressing cell must stain equally (standard antibody validation practice; UniProt Q15652). The record also lists modified residues, including phosphoserines at 188 and 317, but it does not establish whether these modifications affect this antibody’s binding (UniProt Q15652). When staining differs across specimens, compare matched retrieval conditions and an independent JMJD1C antibody with a distinct documented epitope if available (standard IHC troubleshooting).
How can IF help assess a disputed JMJD1C IHC pattern?
Use IF as a separate localisation check: HPA reports mainly nucleoplasmic JMJD1C with additional cytosolic signal in ICC/IF images (HPA subcellular). For a glandular specimen, multiplex JMJD1C with an epithelial marker and a nuclear counterstain to identify the expected cell population and compartment (HPA tissue IHC: glandular cells; standard IF practice). Choose a far-red fluorophore when tissue autofluorescence interferes with shorter wavelengths, and include single-colour controls to assess bleed-through (standard IF practice). Because UniProt lists no transmembrane segment and places JMJD1C in the nucleus, permeabilise cells sufficiently for nuclear antibody access, then compare the result with chromogenic IHC (UniProt Q15652; standard IF practice).
What causes diffuse or misleading JMJD1C chromogenic background?
First compare the test section with a no-primary control and inspect whether colour follows tissue edges, damaged regions or endogenous pigment (standard IHC troubleshooting). Quench endogenous peroxidase before an HRP/DAB detection step, and apply the detection system’s recommended protein block to limit nonspecific signal (standard chromogenic IHC practice). If background persists, titrate the primary around the reported 2.5 µg/mL rat liver image concentration, keeping retrieval and development time fixed; that caption does not state fixation (A05189 tissue-IHC caption). Judge improvement by clearer nuclear staining rather than by overall colour reduction, because JMJD1C has a nuclear tissue-IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC).
How should I quantify JMJD1C nuclear staining across sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the tissue compartment and cell population before scoring, then record the percentage of nuclei positive for JMJD1C in representative fields (standard IHC quantification; HPA tissue IHC: nuclear expression). An H-score can combine intensity grades 0–3 with the percentage of cells at each grade, giving a 0–300 range (standard IHC scoring). For cell-rich comparisons, positive nuclei per mm² can complement the H-score when tissue area differs (standard image analysis practice). Normalise counts to evaluable nuclei or analysed tissue area, and keep thresholds, illumination, counterstain and sampling rules consistent across specimens (standard IHC quantification).
How do I distinguish genuine JMJD1C staining from artefact?
Give greatest weight to intact nuclear staining, because UniProt assigns JMJD1C to the nucleus and HPA describes ubiquitous nuclear tissue expression (UniProt Q15652; HPA tissue IHC). Check that staining lies within identifiable cells rather than along section edges or necrotic debris, where chromogenic deposits can mislead interpretation (standard IHC practice). A positive no-primary control points to detection background; review endogenous peroxidase blocking before interpreting DAB colour as antigen signal (standard chromogenic IHC practice). HPA rates its tissue profile Approved with medium staining-to-RNA consistency and pending external verification, so corroborate unexpected cell patterns with controls and an independent antibody when possible (HPA tissue IHC).
Boster reagents
Best JMJD1C / Jumonji domain-containing protein 1C IHC Antibodies
A05189 lists IHC-P and IF applications and human, mouse, and rat reactivity (catalog: A05189 applications/reactivity); its IHC and IF images show rat liver (catalog: A05189 image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-JMJD1C Antibody
Cat # A05189
A05189 has a rat liver IHC image at 2.5 μg/mL (catalog: A05189 IHC image caption). The same SKU has a rat liver IF image at 20 μg/mL and lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity (catalog: A05189 IF image caption; reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose A05189 for paraffin-section tissue IHC because IHC-P is listed and its own IHC image shows rat liver staining; the fixative is unreported (catalog: A05189 applications; IHC image caption). For IF, choose A05189 based on its rat liver IF image; ICC validation is unreported (catalog: A05189 applications; IF image caption). For work across species, A05189 lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity; clonality is unreported (catalog: A05189 reactivity; clone field).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q15652 (JHD2C_HUMAN, Jumonji domain-containing protein 1C).
- Human Protein Atlas. JMJD1C tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. JMJD1C subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the cytosol..
- Human Protein Atlas. JMJD1C antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Polymorphisms in JMJD1C are associated with pubertal onset in boys and reproductive function in men. Scientific reports 2017 — PMC5722903.
- Identification of Novel Candidate Genes for Familial Thyroid Cancer by Whole Exome Sequencing. International journal of molecular sciences 2023 — PMC10178269.
- Regulation of mouse steroidogenesis by WHISTLE and JMJD1C through histone methylation balance. Nucleic acids research 2010 — PMC2965226.
- Histone demethylase JMJD1C promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to prevent glioma by upregulating miR-302a. Clinical and translational medicine 2021 — PMC8473479.
- PubMed PMID:17353003 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:17974005 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15164054 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for JMJD1C (Jumonji domain-containing protein 1C). Expected localisation Nuclear staining in tissue (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: nuclear antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A05189 at 2.5 μg/mL (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Ovary. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A05189); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in Tris-EDTA buffer, pH 9.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-JMJD1C, 2.5 μg/mL (datasheet A05189); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 3 isoforms; epitope coverage unknown (UniProt; datasheet); Regulation: No established regulator of staining intensity (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q15652, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet A05189, PMC5722903, PMC10178269. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/JMJD1C/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.