Kallikrein-4 Antibodies

Kallikrein-4 (KLK4)

Has a significant role in tooth formation (PubMed:15235027). Required during the maturation stage of tooth development for clearance of enamel proteins and normal structural patterning of the crystalline matrix (By similarity).

.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	KLK4
Uniprot:	Q9Y5K2
Entrez:	9622

Family

Belongs to:
peptidase S1 family

Alternative Names

AI2A1; ARM1; EC 3.4.21; EC 3.4.21.-; EMSP; EMSP1; EMSP1MGC116827; Enamel matrix serine proteinase 1; kallikrein 4 (prostase, enamel matrix, prostate); Kallikrein 4; kallikrein-4; Kallikrein-like protein 1; kallikrein-related peptidase 4; KLK4; KLK-L1MGC116828; Prostase; PRSS17enamel matrix serine protease 1; PSTSandrogen-regulated message 1; Serine protease 17

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
27.032 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	19q13.41
Sequence:	19; NC_000019.10 (50906352..50910745, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in prostate.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Prostate
• Prostatic Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Amelogenesis Imperfecta
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm
• Carcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Ovary
• Ovarian Neoplasm
• Adenocarcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Mammary Neoplasms

• Endometrial Polyp
• Dental Enamel Hypoplasia
• Cell Invasion
• Endometrial Carcinoma
• Hyperplasia
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Dental Fluorosis, Acquired

Interacting Proteins

• TYRO3

Pathways

• Amelogenesis
• Localization
• Pathogenesis
• Secretion
• Proteolysis
• Dentinogenesis
• Protein Secretion
• Translation
• Enamel Mineralization
• Cell Proliferation
• Odontogenesis
• Cell Migration
• Reverse Transcription

• Cell Growth
• Cell Adhesion
• Dentin Mineralization
• Pigmentation
• Cell Cycle
• Tissue Morphogenesis
• Glycosylation

PTMs

• Cleavage
• Phosphorylation

• Glycosylation
• Deglycosylation

Research Areas

• Apoptosis
• Cancer
• Tumor Suppressors

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/KLK4

Best Uses Of The KLK4 Marker

This article will cover the methods of RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. It also includes ELISAs that detect both the bound and free forms KLK4. The applications of KLK4 markers will also be discussed. Continue reading for more information. We have compiled a list with the most popular methods to perform these tests. These methods will help determine the best products for you.

RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis

RNA isolation is a very efficient method to identify antisense chimeric genes. The KLK4 locus encodes the KLK4 transcript, which uses a polyadenylation sign located in intron 4 for a sense-antisense sequence. 3'RACE was used to analyze the KLK4 sequence.

RNeasy mini kits were used for the isolation of total RNA from cell line cells. SensiFast was used to reverse-transcribe the first-strand of cDNA. An iScript(tm cDNA synthesis tool was used to perform inhibition experiments. RNA concentrations were measured with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer.

RNA was isolated from the culture supernats of RWPE-1 cells using lentiviruses expressing lacZ and KLK4-KLKP1. The blasticidin was used for the selection of clones. The reverse transcription-PCR synthesized the cDNA. RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis using the KLK4 marker were performed on the same samples.

The fusion of KLKP1 and KLK4 is a novel gene that has prostate-specific expression. The chimeric protein encoded by this gene has 164 amino acids, including 55 amino acids from the pseudogene portion. This gene fusion is uncommon, but it may play some role in the formation prostate cancer. The KLK4-KLKP1 gene combination is still under further functional studies. However, it can be used as a biomarker to diagnose prostate cancer.

ELISAs for KLK9 free and bound forms

Researchers created recombinant KLK9 in order to test whether ELISAs could detect both bound and free forms of KLK9 using polyclonal antibodies. To test these antibodies, researchers created an ELISA for bound and free KLK9. This ELISA is sensitive and can be used to screen many types of biological samples. A hybrid ELISA has been used to detect both bound- and free KLK9 forms in a recent study.

The kallikrein protein family consists of 15 serine proteases. They form the largest cluster of proteins within the human genome. These proteins play a significant role in a number physiological processes. They are believed to be activated through highly organized proteolytic cascades that are controlled by feedback loops, inhibitors, and internal cleavages. These proteins are heavily hormone-dependent as they are integrated with several signaling channels.

Mat-KLK9 was purified by using a mammalian expression system for protein. The pCDNA3.4 plasmid allowed for the production of the mature KLK9 version. The plasmid was amplified by using One Shot? TOP10 chemically competent cells. The pCDNA3.4 plasmid is purified using a PureLink (tm) HiPure Platsmid MIDiprep Kit.

A new ELISA is available for KLK9 that detects serpinA3-KLK9 heterocomplexes. This allows us to distinguish between bound and free forms of KLK9. Mat-KLK9 (0.5mg) was incubated with different levels of serpinA3 inhibitor. Samples were then diluted with 6% BSA. KLK9 monomers could be recovered 100%.

To detect KLK9 in the free and bound forms, hybrid ELISAs have been developed. Hybrid ELISAs use two different antibodies: a capture antibody against the free form and another antibody against the bound form of the protein. The first antibody acts as a coating for the conjugated antibody, while the second antibody detects the free form. The antigens are then detected in the cells by the detection antibody.

The ELISA test is performed on a multi-well plate. The detection antibody recognizes antigens using biotin and streptavidin HRP conjugates. This allows detection of the target antigen in the presence many other components. ELISA is one the most sensitive and specific tests available.

RNA sequencing

The Boster Bio KLK4 marker for PCR RNA sequencing is a highly sensitive kit for detecting RNA and DNA sequences. The MK1030 is able to detect oligonucleotide oligonucleotide dNTP probes with intensively conjugated dNTPs. The MK1030 kit can also detect miR-194-5p, and is compatible with all KLK members.

Applications

Human KLK4 genes are highly conserved in mammals. It consists of a signal sequence, a pro region and an active protein. The peptide substrate's degradation rate has been used to determine its inhibitory activity. The KLK4 protein activated by thermolysin, zinc protease, and AEBSF, which is a general serine protease inhibitor.

The KLK4 inhibitory protein is immobilized using agarose beads. It may be liganded by biotin and HRP. The KLK4 marker is also available in the form of a conjugate. This conjugate can be immobilized on the same surface that ELISA. The detection signal can also be detected using ChemiDoc and Luminograph. This biotin-streptavidin-labeled peptide is useful in cancer research.

The KLK4 inhibitory proteins are useful for drug discovery, drug development, as well as cancer research. The peptides could be produced in a reductive-redox environment and can then be refolded. A cell's cytoplasm might contain an oxidative environment that promotes the formation of disulfide bonds. The cytoplasm is home to the KLK inhibitory Peptides.

KLK1 inhibitory amino peptide can either be isolated from human cells (or derived from nonhuman animals). It is superior to antibodies in terms physicochemical property and has excellent heat and storage stability. It can also be used for diagnostic purposes in non-human animals. It can be tested in non-human animals for its anti-KLK1 & KLK4 inhibitory action. KLK8 inhibitory protein peptides are used extensively in the pharmaceutical business.

KLK4 inhibitory propeptide can also be applied to analyze human KLK1 or KLK4. The peptides may also be used for diagnostic purposes. The KLK8 inhibitory protein is not suitable for animals other than humans. The inhibitory peptides can be used in non-clinical research as well as in animal models.

The half-life of the blood peptide is extended by further mutation. This can be done by increasing the peptide's molecular weight. This can be done using the known methods, such as adding biomacromolecules and polymers. The molecular weight of the peptide is preferably less than 10,000 and more preferably 7,000 to 7,200. The variable loop region is composed of Cys 15 through Cys 63.