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LAMTOR1 / Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for LAMTOR1
Plan chromogenic LAMTOR1 IHC in paraffin sections, from fixation through scoring. Interpret the general cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) alongside its expected lysosomal membrane localization (UniProt).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
LAMTOR1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC); expected lysosomal membrane localization (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | General cytoplasmic staining, including glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+1 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation conditions consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Cell-type variation: adipocytes have no detected staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation is unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms annotated; the chain spans residues 2–161 (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended LAMTOR1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by a published LAMTOR1 staining method for SEGA and periventricular tissue (PMC6935755).
| Sample | Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06290); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-LAMTOR1, 5 μg/mL (datasheet A06290) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | LAMTOR1-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval); use the pressure-cooker setting when reproducing the SEGA method (PMC6935755).
Section 2
What Is the Expected LAMTOR1 Staining Pattern?
LAMTOR1 is anchored to lysosome and late endosome membranes by N-terminal lipid modifications and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q6IAA8 topology). In paraffin sections, expect a generally cytoplasmic staining profile, with high staining reported in several glandular cell populations and cerebral cortex neurons (HPA: Approved tissue IHC; High in listed cells). HPA reports high consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression (HPA: Approved reliability).
| Granular cytoplasmic staining in glandular cells of colon, duodenum or appendix, with little nuclear staining. | This fits the reported high glandular-cell staining and general cytoplasmic profile (HPA: High in listed glandular cells; general cytoplasmic expression). Granularity is compatible with LAMTOR1’s endosomal and lysosomal membrane location, but chromogenic IHC alone cannot identify individual organelles (UniProt Q6IAA8 localization; standard IHC interpretation). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining, with little cytoplasmic signal in a listed positive cell population. | Treat this as a compartment mismatch requiring review: the expected tissue profile is cytoplasmic, while UniProt places LAMTOR1 on lysosome and late endosome membranes (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; UniProt Q6IAA8 localization). Recheck staining and controls before assigning a nuclear LAMTOR1 pattern (standard IHC practice). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or vaginal squamous epithelial cells. | These cell populations are reported as not detected, so strong staining raises concern for nonspecific antibody binding or endogenous detection activity (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes and vaginal squamous epithelial cells; standard IHC practice). A ‘not detected’ HPA result is a reference observation, not proof that every specimen must be negative (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Uniform color across cells and extracellular areas, obscuring cell boundaries. | This does not match the reported cell-associated cytoplasmic profile (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression). Consider nonspecific background from detection reagents, inadequate blocking or incomplete washing; compare a control processed without primary antibody (standard chromogenic IHC practice). |
| No signal in colon or cerebral cortex despite visible, intact tissue. | Colon glandular cells and cerebral cortex neurons are listed as high-staining references (HPA: High in colon glandular cells and cerebral cortex neurons). A blank result warrants checking the assay and tissue quality before interpreting the specimen as LAMTOR1-negative; the HPA record does not establish target-specific fixation sensitivity (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
💡Expected LAMTOR1 appearanceA convincing positive result is predominantly cytoplasmic staining, potentially punctate at the resolution available, with high signal in listed glandular cells or cerebral cortex neurons; isolated strong nuclear staining or strong signal in HPA-listed undetected cells warrants investigation (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; High and Not detected tissue categories; UniProt Q6IAA8 localization).
| Membrane association and optical resolution | LAMTOR1 reaches lysosome and late endosome membranes through N-terminal myristoylation and palmitoylation and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q6IAA8 topology). A cytoplasmic chromogenic pattern can agree with this location, but it does not resolve membrane identity by itself (standard IHC interpretation). |
| Choice of tissue reference | High staining is reported in several glandular populations and cerebral cortex neurons; adipocytes and vaginal squamous epithelial cells are reported as not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare signal within the specified cell populations, since a tissue name alone does not describe every cell in a section (standard histology practice). |
| Antibody validation scope | The listed antibody HPA002997 is Approved for IHC and Uncertain for ICC (HPA: antibody validation). The tissue profile has Approved reliability, described as high consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). Neither designation makes every unexpected staining pattern target-specific (standard IHC interpretation). |
| IF/ICC Q: Should its image look identical to IHC? | No fixed match is established: HPA reports a mainly Golgi ICC-IF location as uncertain, plus vesicle and plasma membrane locations as supported (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF). UniProt places LAMTOR1 on lysosome and late endosome membranes (UniProt Q6IAA8 localization). Interpret these assay-specific observations with their stated confidence (HPA: antibody ICC Uncertain). |
| Target-specific fixation sensitivity | No target-specific fixation effect is established by the supplied UniProt topology, modifications or HPA staining categories (UniProt Q6IAA8; HPA: tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval may be evaluated as a general paraffin-IHC workflow variable, without predicting that it will restore LAMTOR1 signal (standard IHC practice). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive glandular cells remain unstained. | The result conflicts with reported high staining in the chosen reference population, but its cause cannot be assigned from HPA alone (HPA: High in listed glandular cells). | Confirm cell identity and section integrity, then review primary-antibody application, retrieval and detection controls using the assay’s established conditions (standard paraffin-IHC practice). |
| Signal is chiefly nuclear. | A nuclear-dominant pattern conflicts with the HPA cytoplasmic profile and UniProt endolysosomal location (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; UniProt Q6IAA8 localization). | Inspect the no-primary control and compare staining with a listed positive cell population; avoid scoring nuclear color as expected LAMTOR1 localization without independent support (standard IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or vaginal squamous cells stain strongly. | Strong signal differs from HPA’s not-detected observations in these cells; nonspecific binding or endogenous detection activity is possible (HPA: Not detected in listed cells; standard IHC practice). | Check a no-primary control and the detection system’s background controls, then interpret the affected cells alongside a positive reference in the same run (standard IHC practice). |
| Brown color is widespread and masks cell detail. | Diffuse background can arise from nonspecific reagent binding, endogenous detection activity or insufficient washing (standard chromogenic IHC practice). It obscures the reported cytoplasmic profile (HPA: tissue IHC). | Review blocking, washes and control sections for the chosen chromogen and detection chemistry; score LAMTOR1 only where cell-associated signal can be distinguished from background (standard IHC practice). |
| A section shows weak signal only in ovarian stroma, smooth muscle or spleen red pulp. | These cell populations are reported as low staining, so a weak result there is less informative than a blank high-staining reference (HPA: Low in listed cells; High in listed glandular cells). | Compare with a high-staining glandular or neuronal reference before judging assay performance; identify the relevant cells rather than averaging color across the whole tissue (HPA: tissue IHC; standard histology practice). |
| ICC-IF images appear Golgi-centered while paraffin IHC appears cytoplasmic. | HPA calls the Golgi ICC-IF assignment uncertain and the antibody’s ICC validation Uncertain; its IHC tissue profile is Approved (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; antibody validation; tissue IHC). | Keep the assay-specific confidence labels when interpreting the images. For the paraffin section, judge the reported cell-associated cytoplasmic pattern against IHC controls (HPA: general cytoplasmic expression; standard IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing LAMTOR1 staining
A06290 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of LAMTOR1 in human small intestine tissue with LAMTOR1 antibody at 5 μg/mL.
A06290 · IFImmunofluorescence of LAMTOR1 in human small intestine tissue with LAMTOR1 antibody at 20 μg/mL.
A06290-1 · IFIF analysis of LAMTOR1 using anti-LAMTOR1 antibody (A06290-1). LAMTOR1 was detected in an immunocytochemical section of MCF-7 cells. Enzyme
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000149357-LAMTOR1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_2768956
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000149357-LAMTOR1/tissue/colon#imid_2768866
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000149357-LAMTOR1/tissue/liver#imid_2768875
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000149357-LAMTOR1/tissue/kidney#imid_2768868
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA002997; green = LAMTOR1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA002997; green = LAMTOR1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for LAMTOR1 IHC & IF
🧪Run colon first: glandular cells should stain strongly (HPA: High in colon glandular cells). Use adipose tissue as the negative tissue; adipocytes should lack detectable staining (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). On the colon slide, use non-glandular cells without specific staining as internal background comparators, without assuming every non-glandular cell is LAMTOR1-negative (HPA: High in colon glandular cells; standard IHC practice).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show LAMTOR1 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, KOLF2.1J, with annotated localisation: Golgi apparatus (uncertain) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Run no-primary (secondary-only) and host-species- and clonality-matched isotype controls, plus a LAMTOR1 knockout specimen or validated immunizing-peptide block if available (standard IHC practice). For colon sections, quench endogenous peroxidase before chromogenic detection and block endogenous biotin if using avidin–biotin detection (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: The supplied target and application evidence reports neither a LAMTOR1-specific fixation window nor an antigen-retrieval dependency (supplied target/application evidence). The exact A06290 small-intestine IHC caption specifies 5 µg/mL but leaves the fixative unreported; the supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF/ICC would be easier than paraffin IHC (A06290 tissue-IHC caption; supplied target/application evidence). Exclude luminal mucus and debris from glandular-cell scoring in colon because they can create background (standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for LAMTOR1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — High consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced LAMTOR1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot LAMTOR1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment pattern, controls, and scoring before comparing biological groups.
How should I retrieve LAMTOR1 when paraffin sections stain weakly?
Use citrate pH 6.0 heat-induced epitope retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page IHC retrieval rule). If staining remains weak, compare a longer retrieval interval on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration, detection chemistry, and imaging settings constant (standard IHC practice). Check whether signal increases in intact cell cytoplasm without a parallel rise in tissue-edge or stromal staining; HPA describes general cytoplasmic expression, while UniProt places LAMTOR1 on lysosome and late-endosome membranes (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q6IAA8 localization). Record the cooling interval and section condition, since excessive heating can damage morphology and make apparent gains in staining difficult to interpret (standard IHC practice).
What fixation variables should I control before judging a weak LAMTOR1 stain?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected small-intestine IHC caption gives no fixative, and the supplied record gives no fixation comparison (A06290 tissue-IHC caption; supplied evidence). Keep specimen fixation time and section processing consistent across groups, and compare sections of similar thickness on the same staining run (standard IHC practice). If staining is weak, review morphology and processing records before changing retrieval or antibody concentration; delayed fixation and uneven processing can complicate IHC interpretation generally (standard IHC practice). Do not infer a particular fixation effect from LAMTOR1 membrane anchoring, phosphorylation sites, or HPA tissue patterns; those sources do not test fixation sensitivity (UniProt Q6IAA8; HPA tissue IHC).
Which staining compartments are plausible for LAMTOR1 in chromogenic IHC?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining at light-microscope resolution, potentially with a granular pattern, because HPA reports general cytoplasmic tissue staining and UniProt assigns LAMTOR1 to lysosome and late-endosome membranes (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q6IAA8 localization). Its membrane recruitment depends on N-terminal myristoylation and palmitoylation, despite having no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q6IAA8 topology and localization). HPA cell imaging additionally reports vesicles and plasma membrane, with a mainly Golgi assignment marked uncertain, so avoid treating one sharply defined organelle pattern as mandatory in paraffin sections (HPA subcellular). Compare signal with cell morphology and an appropriate compartment marker on adjacent or multiplexed sections when finer localization matters (standard IHC practice).
Could epitope location explain inconsistent LAMTOR1 staining?
The supplied UniProt record lists 0 isoforms, so an isoform-specific explanation is unsupported here (UniProt Q6IAA8 isoforms). It records an N-terminally anchored protein without a transmembrane segment, plus phosphoserines at positions 27, 42, 56, 98, and 141; none establishes the catalog antibody’s epitope (UniProt Q6IAA8 topology and modified residues; supplied evidence). Check the antibody’s documented immunogen region before attributing staining loss to epitope masking, and compare retrieval conditions on adjacent sections if accessibility is in question (standard IHC practice). Without an epitope map or direct perturbation control, do not interpret regional staining differences as a specific modification state (supplied evidence; standard IHC practice).
How can I compare LAMTOR1 IF with the IHC pattern?
On the separate IF/ICC workflow, multiplex LAMTOR1 with a marker for the cell population being assessed, then compare signal within identified cells; HPA reports high tissue-IHC staining in several glandular cell populations and neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). Choose a fluorophore and channel combination after checking the specimen’s autofluorescence, and include single-label controls to assess bleed-through (standard IF practice). If the antibody epitope is on a cytosol-facing surface, test mild permeabilisation; the supplied record establishes membrane anchoring without a transmembrane segment but does not map this antibody’s epitope or its accessible side (UniProt Q6IAA8 topology; supplied evidence).
How do I reduce diffuse or punctate background without losing LAMTOR1 signal?
Run no-primary and isotype or matched-reagent controls, and inspect unstained tissue for pigment or endogenous color before interpreting weak chromogen deposits (standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase for a peroxidase-based DAB workflow, then optimize protein blocking, primary incubation, washes, and detection exposure one variable at a time (standard IHC practice). Compare any reduction in background against retained cytoplasmic signal in an appropriate positive region; HPA reports high staining in appendix and colon glandular cells, among other sites (HPA tissue IHC). Widespread nuclear color or deposits confined to folds and edges should trigger a technical review before biological interpretation (standard IHC practice).
What is a defensible way to score LAMTOR1 IHC across samples? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and viable tissue area before scoring, then apply the same segmentation and chromogen thresholds to every section in a comparison (standard IHC practice). Report an H-score or percent positive cells within that population; for spatial analyses, report positive-cell density per mm² of viable tissue (standard IHC practice). Normalize counts to the corresponding cell count or measured viable area, and keep section thickness, counterstain, and image acquisition consistent (standard IHC practice). Because HPA describes broad cytoplasmic expression and low tissue RNA specificity, distinguish changes in staining per cell from changes in cell composition (HPA tissue IHC).
When should I doubt an apparent LAMTOR1-positive IHC result?
Treat a reproducible cytoplasmic pattern in intact cells as more credible than isolated nuclear color: HPA describes general cytoplasmic tissue staining, and UniProt places LAMTOR1 on lysosome and late-endosome membranes (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q6IAA8 localization). Check the cell type as well as the compartment; HPA reports high staining in appendix glandular cells but no detection in adipocytes or vaginal squamous epithelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). Flag staining restricted to section edges, folds, or necrotic areas, and compare it with no-primary controls for endogenous enzyme or nonspecific deposits (standard IHC practice). Confirm unexpected patterns on another section before assigning biological meaning (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best LAMTOR1 / Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1 IHC Antibodies
Anti-LAMTOR1 antibodies have real human small-intestine IHC and MCF-7 IF images (catalog figure tags/captions); listed reactivity covers human, mouse, rat, and monkey (catalog reactivity).
Real IHC data
Anti-LAMTOR1 Antibody
Cat # A06290
Real IF data
Anti-LAMTOR1 Antibody ®
Cat # A06290-1
A06290 renders with human small-intestine IHC at 5 μg/mL (A06290 image caption) and lists IHC-P and IF with human, mouse, and rat reactivity (catalog applications/reactivity). A06290-1 renders with MCF-7 IF/ICC at 5 μg/mL (A06290-1 image caption) and lists IF/ICC with human, rat, and monkey reactivity (catalog applications/reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose A06290 for paraffin-section tissue IHC (catalog: IHC-P; A06290 image caption: human small intestine); the fixative is unreported (A06290 image caption). Choose A06290-1 for cell IF/ICC (catalog: IF/ICC; A06290-1 image caption: MCF-7). For cross-species planning, A06290 lists human, mouse, and rat, while A06290-1 lists human, rat, and monkey; clonality is unreported for both (catalog reactivity/clone fields).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q6IAA8 (LTOR1_HUMAN, Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1).
- Human Protein Atlas. LAMTOR1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. LAMTOR1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus. In addition localized to the plasma membrane and vesicles..
- Human Protein Atlas. LAMTOR1 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- LAMTOR1 degrades MHC-II via the endocytic in hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2022 — PMC9890926.
- LAMTOR1 decreased exosomal PD-L1 to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer. Molecular cancer 2024 — PMC11367890.
- The coding and non-coding transcriptional landscape of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. Brain : a journal of neurology 2020 — PMC6935755.
- PubMed PMID:15498874 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for LAMTOR1 (Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC); expected lysosomal membrane localization (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A06290 at 5 μg/mL (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06290); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-LAMTOR1, 5 μg/mL (datasheet A06290); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation conditions consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Cell-type variation: adipocytes have no detected staining (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms annotated; the chain spans residues 2–161 (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation is unreported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q6IAA8, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus. In addition localized to…, Datasheet A06290, PMC6935755. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LAMTOR1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.