Galectin-4 Antibodies

Galectin-4 (LGALS4)

Galectin that binds lactose and a related assortment of sugars. May be involved in the assembly of adherens junctions.

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Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	LGALS4
Uniprot:	P56470
Entrez:	3960

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

Antigen NY-CO-27; GAL4; gal-4; galectin 4; Galectin4; Galectin-4; L-36 lactose-binding protein; L36LBP; Lactose-binding lectin 4; lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 4; LGALS4

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
35.941 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	19q13.2
Sequence:	19; NC_000019.10 (38801671..38813614, complement)

Diseases

• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Adenocarcinoma
• Stomach Neoplasms
• Carcinogenesis
• Carcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Stomach
• Metaplasia
• Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
• Colorectal Cancer
• Lung Neoplasms
• Malignant Paraganglionic Neoplasm

• Adenocarcinoma Of Lung (disorder)
• Endocrine Gland Neoplasms
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm To The Lymph Node
• Tumor Progression
• Colonic Neoplasms
• Malignant Tumor Of Colon

Pathways

• Cell Cycle
• Methylation
• Cell Differentiation
• Dna Methylation
• Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

• Methylation

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LGALS4

Best Uses Of The LGALS4 Marker

The LGALS4 gene can be used as a marker for cancer research. Although there is no definitive definition of the LGALS4 genetic marker, it is likely that it is expressed in a specific species or application. This has definite implications for patient outcome. Scientists should seek expert guidance on its use and interpretation. This article explains the applications of LGALS4 and the relationship it has with survival probability.

A better prognosis is associated with lower expression of LGALS4.

LGALS4 is the hub gene for pink module. Its expression was associated with higher odds for overall survival and better disease-free survival. It was also associated a decreased rate of cell migration and death. It was therefore considered a potential biomarker in UC. Further studies were needed to determine the exact mechanisms of LGALS4 exacerbation in urothelial tumors.

The methylation levels of LGALS4 were assessed in 79 UC patients. The methylation level was then normalized to ACTB. It was then compared with clinicopathological characteristics via Cox regression analysis. This was also done using in vitro models of cancer cells. The promoter hypermethylation level of LGALS4 was positively correlated to high histological quality, T-stage tumours, and lymphode metastasis. However, the methylation levels for CDh27 as well as LGALS4 were independent predictors in lymph node metastasis.

LGALS4 is a hub gene for the Wnt signaling pathway. Its expression levels were associated with OS and DFS. LGALS4 expression was strongly linked to OS, DFS, and a higher LGALS4 level was associated with a more favorable prognosis. In vitro experiments also confirmed the ability of LGALS4 to inhibit proliferation, migration, and induce apoptopopulation.

A higher level of LGALS4 expression is linked to a better prognosis among breast cancer patients. LGALS4 may be a valuable biomarker for breast cancer. It may also be associated with a better prognosis in patients with this mutation. To confirm this association, more research is needed. Although LGALS4 could be a useful indicator of breast cancer, clinical practice is not yet available.

LGALS4 gene expression is associated with survival rates in UCB patients. We examined the expression patterns of LGALS4 within 2 different urothelial lines to determine if they were differentially expressed and validate their expression. We used the weighted coexpression network analysis to find hub genes. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate LGALS4 expression. Finally, Western blot analysis was used to determine the LGALS4 messengerRNA levels in both Urothelial Cancer cell lines.

However, LGALS4 is still not fully understood in relation to the development of CRC. Many studies suggest that the gene may play an important part in the regulation of CRC cell growth. LGALS4 has been implicated for other types cancers. However, it is not clear if LGALS4 plays a role in breast cancer. But, a lower level of the protein may mean better patient outcomes.

High expression is associated to a poor prognosis

Cytoscape software allowed us to visualize the networks containing differentially expressed genes using gene-marking hub genes. Strong correlations between OS and DFS were observed for the hub gene LGALS4. A higher expression of this gene was associated wit a better prognosis. In vitro tests confirmed its role as a regulator of proliferation and migration and tumor growth inhibition.

Recent studies suggest that LGALS4 is a useful biomarker to detect ovarian and other cancers. Studies are needed to confirm its predictive value. These studies revealed that high expression of this gene was associated with poor prognosis. Despite the potential for UC biomarkers to be useful, there are many other factors that influence UC progression.

The study also investigated the methylation status the gene in UC specimens. To accomplish this, DNA samples were extracted from the cells and bisulfite-modified. Primers were designed to detect the methylation status of LGALS4 in the promoter region. Analyzing the PCR products was done using an agarose electrophoresis. Low prognosis is associated with high LGALS4 gene expression in both classes.

LGALS1 is a member of the galectin SUPERFAMILIES. LGALS4 is a member. These proteins, which are glycoprotein-binding lectins, can be divided into several categories. The members of this gene family vary in expression levels and function in a variety of biological processes. Galectin-4 is specifically expressed in the luminal epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been identified as a marker for cell differentiation. It has also been shown that it plays a key role in stabilizing lipids rafts within the microvillus of intestinal cells.

The study also identifies the gene's functional association with tumor progression. This gene is associated with poor outcomes. It is also up-regulated in cancer cell linings. Furthermore, LGALS4 is associated with a high risk of sinonasal adenocarcinomas in people who work in woodworking environments. The study does not prove that LGALS4 is associated to poor prognosis but it allows researchers to determine if this gene is involved in the development and spread of cancer.

An immunohistochemical analysis of LGALS4 gene expression in UC tissues showed that high levels are associated with poor prognosis. LGALS4 is not usually expressed in urothelial tissue but has been found in urothelial tumours. Langbein and colleagues found that high-grade urothelial tumors had low levels of gal-4 expression, while those with low-grade, untreated UC had high gal-4 expression. The gene's expression was also low in T1 or 2 UC, but intermediate in Ta UC.

In vitro studies on LGALS4 revealed a strong correlation to the development of invasive carcinomas and a high potential for metastatic disease. Further studies are needed to explore the interactions between gal-4 (integrins) and gal-4. These studies are currently being conducted in our laboratory. To understand the role of this gene for cancer prognosis, more research is needed. This study provides valuable information to patients.

Low expression is associated to a poor prognosis

Low expression of LGALS4 genes was found to be a risk factor for poor outcomes in UC patients. Researchers used qRTPCR and compared the gene's expression profile with other clinicopathological factors, including age. Low levels of LGALS4 expression are associated lower overall survival rates than high levels. The gene's expression was also linked to lymph node metastasis.

Scientists can use a dataset from TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protease Expression Evidence Scores to identify which tissues express high or low LGALS4 proteins. These scores identify tissues with high LGALS4 expression and the protein they contain. The resulting data can be used to make better treatment decisions. LGALS4 is present in several tissues, including the prostate.

A strong prognosticator is the combination of two subsets upregulated breast cancer genes. Hypoxia causes both HIF targets and MYC targets, which are expected to respond to hypoxia. The HIF-targets subset contains genes that are consistently co-expressed in 16 cell-line datasets. Both MYC target genes HIF and MYC are implicated in different aspects growth. Low LGALS4 expression is associated to poor prognosis.