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LZTR1 / Leucine-zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for LZTR1
Plan LZTR1 IHC on paraffin sections around granular cytoplasmic staining in gastrointestinal tissue (HPA tissue IHC). Start antibody A06363 optimization at 5 μg/mL (datasheet), and interpret staining in light of its very low consistency with RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
LZTR1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Granular cytoplasm in gastrointestinal tissue (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Granular cytoplasmic staining in GI glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Antibody staining and RNA show very low consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No expression regulator annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No isoforms annotated; no transmembrane segment (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended LZTR1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by published LZTR1 staining methods for human liver tissue (PMC11237970) and mouse and human tissues (PMC12572372).
| Sample | Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06363); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 20 min at 95–98 °C (standard rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-LZTR1, 5 μg/mL (datasheet A06363) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (standard) |
| Detection | HRP-polymer secondary, DAB chromogen 5–10 min (standard) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | LZTR1-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Granular cytoplasmic expression in gastrointestinal tract. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6.0 retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval). For the HCC method, use high-pressure EDTA pH 8.0 for 8 min (PMC11237970).
Section 2
What Is the Expected LZTR1 Staining Pattern?
In paraffin-section IHC, expect granular cytoplasmic LZTR1 staining, particularly in gastrointestinal glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). UniProt places LZTR1 in the Golgi apparatus, recycling endosome and endomembrane system, with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q8N653). HPA rates its tissue IHC profile Approved but reports very low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression; use the cell-level pattern as an observed reference, not proof of specificity (HPA tissue IHC).
| Granular cytoplasmic staining in appendix or duodenal glandular cells. | This matches the reported gastrointestinal pattern; both cell populations have Medium staining (HPA tissue IHC). Score the cellular pattern alongside intensity, because HPA reports very low staining–RNA consistency even though external characterization supports its antibody staining (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly nuclear staining in a paraffin section, without the expected granular cytoplasm. | Recheck interpretation and controls: this differs from the tissue IHC profile (HPA tissue IHC). Nucleoplasm is an approved main location in ICC-IF, so nuclear signal alone cannot be declared biologically impossible across applications (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strong staining restricted to a cell population listed as Not detected, such as adipocytes. | Treat this as a possible false positive and check morphology, background and detection controls (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). The HPA designation concerns the listed cell type, not every cell in that tissue (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Diffuse staining across tissue compartments, including areas without a clear cellular pattern. | This does not resemble the reported granular cytoplasmic profile (HPA tissue IHC). Review blocking, washing and chromogen development as general IHC checks; diffuse color alone cannot establish LZTR1 expression (general IHC practice). |
| No staining in appendix or duodenal glandular cells. | These are useful comparison cells because HPA reports Medium staining there (HPA tissue IHC). First inspect section quality, retrieval, antibody and detection controls; a blank section by itself does not establish absent LZTR1 (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected LZTR1 appearanceA convincing IHC positive is Medium, granular cytoplasmic staining in appendix or duodenal glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC); strong staining in HPA Not detected cell types or diffuse, noncellular color warrants investigation (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice).
| Tissue and cell selection | HPA reports Medium staining in several distinct populations, including appendix and duodenal glandular cells, breast myoepithelial cells and colon endothelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). Identify the scored cell type before comparing sections; whole-tissue labels are too broad for that comparison (general IHC practice). |
| IHC evidence strength | The tissue profile is Approved, while antibody staining has very low consistency with RNA expression; external characterization supports staining (HPA tissue IHC). HPA lists IHC as Approved for HPA068772 and HPA071248, without an IHC Enhanced designation in the supplied record (HPA antibodies). |
| Subcellular readout across applications | The IHC profile is granular cytoplasmic (HPA tissue IHC), whereas ICC-IF reports approved nucleoplasm, cytosol and centrosome locations (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). IF/ICC Q: Should its nuclear signal be the IHC scoring criterion? A: Use the paraffin-section IHC pattern for this guide; interpret ICC-IF on its own guide page (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Topology and epitope information | UniProt reports no transmembrane segment, signal peptide or propeptide, and describes LZTR1 as an endomembrane, recycling-endosome and Golgi protein (UniProt Q8N653). The supplied record gives no antibody epitope position, so it cannot predict whether a particular retrieval condition will expose that epitope. |
| Antigen retrieval and detection | Check retrieval and detection against the chosen IHC-validated antibody's documented conditions when optimizing paraffin sections (general IHC practice). Neither the supplied HPA nor UniProt record establishes LZTR1-specific fixation sensitivity, an optimal retrieval setting or an IHC dilution. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive cells are blank. | The result could reflect a missed staining step, unsuitable antibody conditions or insufficient detection (general IHC practice); HPA reports Medium appendix and duodenal glandular staining (HPA tissue IHC). | Verify section integrity and the staining run's controls, then review the antibody's IHC conditions and retrieval against its own documentation (general IHC practice). |
| Color is diffuse across cells and extracellular areas. | Background from blocking, washing or chromogen development can obscure a cellular pattern (general IHC practice). HPA instead describes granular cytoplasmic gastrointestinal staining (HPA tissue IHC). | Inspect a detection control and adjust the relevant blocking, washing or development step before scoring LZTR1 (general IHC practice). |
| Strong signal appears in adipocytes or respiratory epithelial cells. | Those specific populations are Not detected in the HPA tissue profile; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Confirm cell identity, compare a documented positive cell population and run an appropriate detection control (general IHC practice). |
| Only nuclear staining is visible in IHC. | The result differs from HPA's granular cytoplasmic tissue profile, although ICC-IF separately reports approved nucleoplasmic localization (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | Check controls and cellular morphology, then record the compartment explicitly; do not substitute the ICC-IF location for the paraffin-section IHC reference (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| A low-staining tissue gives a weak, patchy result. | HPA lists, for example, thyroid glandular cells and hepatocytes as Low; weak staining there offers a less clear comparison than Medium cells (HPA tissue IHC). | Compare with appendix or duodenal glandular cells, both reported Medium, in a controlled staining run (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Results vary between antibodies or sections. | HPA reports very low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression despite an Approved tissue profile (HPA tissue IHC); run conditions can also vary (general IHC practice). | Record antibody identity, retrieval and detection conditions, compare the same named cell populations, and avoid treating intensity alone as confirmation of specificity (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing LZTR1 staining
A06363 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of LZTR1 in mouse heart tissue with LZTR1 antibody at 5 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000099949-LZTR1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_19093067
HPA · Small intestineHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Small intestine. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000099949-LZTR1/tissue/small+intestine#imid_19074092
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000099949-LZTR1/tissue/colon#imid_19074117
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000099949-LZTR1/tissue/liver#imid_19074118
![HPA ICC-IF BJ [Human fibroblast] — LZTR1 (HPA067852)](https://images.proteinatlas.org/67852/1866_G5_33_blue_red_green.jpg)
HPA · ICC-IF BJ [Human fibroblast]Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, BJ [Human fibroblast], antibody HPA067852; green = LZTR1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
![HPA ICC-IF BJ [Human fibroblast] — LZTR1 (HPA067852)](https://images.proteinatlas.org/67852/1866_G5_35_blue_red_green.jpg)
HPA · ICC-IF BJ [Human fibroblast]Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, BJ [Human fibroblast], antibody HPA067852; green = LZTR1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for LZTR1 IHC & IF
🧪Run appendix first and look for LZTR1 staining in its glandular cells (HPA: Appendix, glandular cells, Medium). Use adipose tissue as the negative comparator, focusing on adipocytes (HPA: Adipose tissue, adipocytes, Not detected); on the appendix slide, compare glandular staining with other cell types, whose negative status is not established by the supplied HPA row.
Positive control tissue: Appendix (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show LZTR1 in BJ [Human fibroblast], HeLa, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; an isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s host species and immunoglobulin class; and LZTR1 knockout tissue, if available, as a biological negative (standard IHC practice). For chromogenic appendix sections, block endogenous peroxidase and, if using avidin–biotin detection, endogenous biotin (standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: An LZTR1-specific fixation window and antigen-retrieval dependency are unreported in the supplied evidence; the selected A06363 mouse-heart IHC caption also does not report a fixative (selected A06363 caption: fixative not stated). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier for LZTR1 (HPA: ICC-IF images available; selected A06363 caption: tissue IHC). In appendix, assess glandular background carefully because mucin can retain staining reagents (standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for LZTR1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Very low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. External characterization data supports antibody staining.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Myoepithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Endothelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced LZTR1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot LZTR1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls, and cell-specific scoring before interpreting signal.
How should I retrieve LZTR1 antigen when paraffin sections stain weakly?
Use citrate buffer at pH 6.0 for heat-induced retrieval at 95–98 °C for 20 min (page retrieval rule). If signal remains weak, compare a second retrieval condition on adjacent sections while keeping antibody concentration and detection constant; excessive heating can damage morphology (standard IHC practice). Evaluate both staining intensity and preservation of granular cytoplasmic detail, which is reported in gastrointestinal tissue (HPA: tissue IHC profile). The selected antibody’s mouse heart image used 5 µg/mL, but its caption does not report retrieval or fixative, so it cannot establish that this retrieval condition was used (A06363 tissue-IHC caption).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven LZTR1 staining in my sections?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown because the supplied LZTR1 tissue-IHC caption does not identify a fixative (A06363 tissue-IHC caption). Record fixation method and duration for each block, then compare sections processed with the same retrieval and detection settings; fixation differences can alter antigen accessibility (standard IHC practice). Check tissue preservation and compare staining within intact regions before changing antibody concentration, since damaged or unevenly processed areas can mislead interpretation (standard IHC practice). Do not infer a preferred fixative from granular gastrointestinal staining (HPA: tissue IHC profile) or from the absence of a transmembrane segment (UniProt Q8N653 topology).
Should I accept nuclear LZTR1 staining in chromogenic tissue IHC?
Treat granular cytoplasmic staining in gastrointestinal tissue as the supplied tissue-IHC reference pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile). UniProt places LZTR1 in the endomembrane system, recycling endosome, and Golgi apparatus, with no transmembrane segment (UniProt Q8N653 subcellular location and topology). HPA also reports an approved nucleoplasmic location from subcellular imaging, so nuclear signal warrants comparison with validated tissue controls rather than automatic rejection (HPA: subcellular location). Score nuclear and cytoplasmic staining separately, and inspect whether either pattern persists in well-preserved cells across the section after excluding pigment and detection artefacts (standard IHC practice).
How can I assess an unexpected LZTR1 staining pattern without an epitope map?
The supplied record lists 0 isoforms and does not map the catalog antibody’s epitope, so an isoform-specific explanation cannot be assigned (UniProt Q8N653 isoform record; A06363 tissue-IHC caption). LZTR1 has BTB domains at residues 443–537 and 667–736, but their presence alone does not identify what this antibody recognizes (UniProt Q8N653 domains). Compare serial sections using the same retrieval, primary antibody concentration, and detection conditions before attributing a new pattern to altered epitope exposure (standard IHC practice). Document the compartment and cell type of staining, and seek antibody epitope information or an independent reagent before making a domain-specific claim (standard IHC practice).
How should I investigate LZTR1 localisation by IF alongside this IHC guide?
Use IF as a separate localisation experiment: HPA reports nucleoplasm, cytosol, and centrosome signals in cell imaging, while its tissue-IHC profile describes granular cytoplasmic staining (HPA: subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC profile). For gastrointestinal tissue, multiplex LZTR1 with a glandular-cell marker and assess colocalisation within identified cells rather than across the whole section (HPA: gastrointestinal tissue IHC profile; standard IF practice). Choose a far-red fluorophore when tissue autofluorescence affects shorter wavelengths, and include single-stain and no-primary controls (standard IF practice). Because LZTR1 is intracellular and has no transmembrane segment, optimise permeabilisation for access to intracellular epitopes; the antibody’s precise epitope remains unspecified (UniProt Q8N653 topology; A06363 tissue-IHC caption).
What should I check when LZTR1 staining appears diffuse or widespread?
Compare a no-primary control with the stained section to distinguish detection background from antibody-associated signal (standard IHC practice). In chromogenic IHC, block endogenous peroxidase before enzyme-based detection and inspect pigment or precipitate separately from cellular staining; these are general workflow checks (standard IHC practice). Titrate the primary antibody around the documented 5 µg/mL mouse heart imaging concentration only as a starting comparison, since the caption supplies no fixation or retrieval details (A06363 tissue-IHC caption). Judge specificity against the reported granular gastrointestinal cytoplasmic pattern and named cell populations, while remembering that HPA reports very low staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC profile and reliability).
How should I quantify LZTR1 staining across tissue sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the tissue compartment and cell population before scoring, because HPA reports medium staining in several specified cell types and low staining in cardiomyocytes (HPA: tissue IHC positive and low lists). Record the percentage of positive cells and intensity grades 0–3, then calculate an H-score from 0–300 if intensity matters (standard IHC scoring practice). Normalise positive-cell counts to the number of eligible cells, or report positive-cell density per mm² of evaluable tissue, using the same rule for every section (standard IHC scoring practice). Exclude necrotic and poorly preserved areas, and report nuclear and cytoplasmic scores separately if both appear (standard IHC practice).
What evidence distinguishes true LZTR1 signal from a staining artefact?
Give greatest weight to reproducible staining in intact, correctly identified cells, including granular cytoplasmic signal where that pattern is reported for gastrointestinal tissue (HPA: tissue IHC profile; standard IHC practice). Compare compartment assignments carefully: UniProt lists endomembrane, recycling endosome, and Golgi locations, whereas HPA cell imaging reports mainly nucleoplasmic localisation (UniProt Q8N653 subcellular location; HPA: subcellular location). Inspect section edges and necrotic areas for disproportionate staining, and use no-primary and endogenous-peroxidase controls to assess detection artefacts (standard IHC practice). Treat a discordant cell type or isolated nuclear pattern as provisional until it repeats in preserved tissue with appropriate controls, particularly given HPA’s very low staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC reliability; standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best LZTR1 / Leucine-zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1 IHC Antibodies
A06363 has real LZTR1 IHC data from mouse heart tissue (catalog image caption). The catalog lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity); no IF image is supplied (catalog images).
Real IHC data
Anti-LZTR1 Antibody
Cat # A06363
A06363 lists IHC-P and human, mouse, and rat reactivity (catalog applications and reactivity). Its own image shows LZTR1 IHC in mouse heart tissue at 5 μg/mL (catalog image caption).
Which to pick: Choose A06363 for paraffin-section tissue IHC (catalog: IHC-P); its own image shows mouse heart staining at 5 μg/mL (catalog image caption), but the fixative is unreported (catalog image caption). No SKU in this payload has IF/ICC validation or an IF dilution (catalog applications and IF fields). A06363 lists human, mouse, and rat reactivity (catalog reactivity), while its pictured IHC data cover mouse tissue only (catalog image caption).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q8N653 (LZTR1_HUMAN, Leucine-zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1).
- Human Protein Atlas. LZTR1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. LZTR1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the cytosol and centrosome..
- Human Protein Atlas. LZTR1 antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
- A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Tumorigenic Effect of Leucine-Zipper-Like Transcription Regulator (LZTR1) in Human Cancer. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2022 — PMC9593223.
- Low protein expression of LZTR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma triggers tumorigenesis via activating the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling. Heliyon 2024 — PMC11237970.
- Noonan syndrome-associated biallelic LZTR1 mutations cause cardiac hypertrophy and vascular malformations in zebrafish. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 2020 — PMC7057116.
- LZTR1 regulates epithelial MHC-I expression via NF-κB1 to modulate CD8(+) T cells activation. Cell discovery 2025 — PMC12572372.
- PubMed PMID:15461802 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:7633402 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for LZTR1 (Leucine-zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1). Expected localisation Granular cytoplasm in gastrointestinal tissue (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6.0 HIER, 95–98 °C, 20 min (rule: cytoplasmic / membrane antigen). Validated IHC antibody: A06363 at 5 μg/mL (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Appendix (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC workflow; specimen preparation unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Tissue sections; selected-image fixative not specified (standard IHC workflow); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A06363); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat-induced epitope retrieval in citrate buffer, pH 6.0 , 20 min at 95–98 °C…; 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% normal serum of the secondary host, 30 min , room temperature (standard); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-LZTR1, 5 μg/mL (datasheet A06363); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (standard). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Antibody staining and RNA show very low consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No isoforms annotated; no transmembrane segment (UniProt); Regulation: No expression regulator annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q8N653, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet A06363, PMC11237970, PMC12572372. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LZTR1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.