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- Table of Contents
Facts about NADP-dependent malic enzyme.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | ME1 |
Uniprot: | P48163 |
Entrez: | 4199 |
Belongs to: |
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malic enzymes family |
EC 1.1.1; EC 1.1.1.40; HUMNDME; malate dehydrogenase; Malic enzyme 1; malic enzyme 1, NADP(+)-dependent, cytosolic; malic enzyme 1, soluble; Malic enzyme, cytoplasmic; MES; NADP-dependent malic enzyme; NADP-ME; pyruvic-malic carboxylase
Mass (kDA):
64.15 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 6q14.2 |
Sequence: | 6; NC_000006.12 (83210402..83431078, complement) |
Expressed in all tissues tested including liver, placenta and white adipose tissue.
Cytoplasm.
In this article, we will examine Boster Bio’s Anti-CD68 Monoclonal Antibody (Macrophage Marker). We will also examine the best uses of the ME1 Marker as well as the reference material for primary antibodies. The results and references provided are applicable for scientists all over the world. Continue reading to learn more! Don't miss the Boster Bio blog!
This Mouse monoclonal mouse antibody is for the detection and identification of CD68, a marker that identifies macrophages. It can be used for identification of macrophages on tissue sections. It is a versatile antibody that reacts with human, rabbit and non-human primate cells. The antibody has been used as an immunofluorescent agent and in Immunohistochemistry.
CD68 is a member from the Scavenger receptive family. It is upregulated when macrophages are exposed to inflammatory stimuli. It is involved in phagocyte homing and accumulation in plaques. It has also been linked to atherogenesis due to its ability to bind phosphatidyl-LDL and apoptotic cells.
The current study found that CD68 is expressed more by M1 and M2 macrophages, than CD163 macrophages. CD163+ cells are found in TS tumors more than CD68+. However, CD68 expression on mature M2 macrophages is lower, suggesting that this marker may be less effective in primary breast carcinoma. However, this antibody recognizes tumours more efficiently than M1 andM2 macrophages.
IL-17 regulates the activity of macrophages by causing them to migrate and proliferate. It is also known that IL-17 induces differentiation of M2 macrophages. This substance is more common in tumors than normal lung tissue. IL-17 has the ability to recruit monocytes in the tumor microenvironment. This antibody is an effective ally in the treatment of lung cancer and other diseases.
This antibody is derived from the IL-17RC mouse strain. The IL-17RC mice were created by Dr. You at Tulane University. The embryonic stem cells of C57BL/6 C57BL/6 mice were used to develop the mice. They were then implanted into albino mouse blastocysts. The heterozygous mice were then intercrossed to create KO mice. The tail DNA of the animals was used for polymerase chain reaction to identify the KO mice.
The results of this study were evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A median number of macrophages, taken from archived samples, was used for the cutoff. To determine correlations, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used and stroma ratios were calculated. These results were then analyzed using the log-rank method.
The results of this study also showed that Boster Bio's Anti-CD68, Macrophage Marker, Mouse Polyclonal Antibody contains high levels of this protein. This antibody is recommended to treat tumors derived non-neoplastic tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a monoclonal antibody for CD163+cells in vitro is effective.
Many potential benefits can be derived from the ME1 marker. It is known to have many benefits for humans. Doctors can use this marker to identify colon cancer in future diagnostic tests. This marker has also been shown to have potential benefits for other diseases, such as metabolic syndrome. To learn more, read on!
ME1 is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate and reduces NADP+ to NADPH. Its elevation has been associated with tumor progression, including breast cancer, in various human cancers. ME1 is involved in the inhibition of nasopharyngeal and breast cancer cells. However, ME1 is not downregulated.
The ME1 marker has many benefits for BLBC researchers. It can be used to determine whether cancer cells have a stem-like phenotype or if they are tumor-forming. Doctors can determine if patients are likely respond to specific drugs and increase their survival rates by measuring ME1 levels. Also, chemotherapy resistance has been linked to ME1. Tumors with ME1 expression abnormalities are more likely than others to resist treatment.
It is important to measure ME1 levels in patients with advanced cancer. One study found that mice with ME1 deficiencies had significantly lower levels of jejunum FASN transcripts and colon mTOR. This result was repeated in SPI HF-fed mice. Similar results were seen in mice lacking ME1. Mice with lower levels of cyclin D1 gene expressed had lower levels. Both mTOR and FASN are important mediators of insulin action. In fact me1 is thought increase insulin secretion.
In a study of the tumorigenicity, ME1-deficient mice showed that colony formation was decreased by the presence of ME1deficient cells. On the other hand, T47D cells with exogenous ME1 expression were significantly more prone to form colonies than those with normal ME1 levels. Additionally, ME1-deficient mice have a genetic resistance to tumor growth that is not present in other mouse models.
Celery mosaic virus resistance is lower in me1-deficient plants. This makes seedling selection critical. A me1-deficient plant has a single 185 bp band and two bands of 184 bp in its susceptible parent. The genomes for resistant plants contain two bands. One is informative. These traits can be used as a guide to developing cultivars that are resistant against CeMV.
Boster Bio, an anti-biological manufacturer that caters to scientists across many fields, offers primary antibodies. Boster has a wide array of primary antibodies, which can be used in IHC/WB, ELISA/FC assays. Boster also offers rabbit polyclonal antibodies for human and mouse samples. Their antibodies have been purified and standardized. They retain their biological activities even after extended laboratory use.
SA1021, one of the more than 20,000+ Boster primary antibodies that have been validated, is a useful secondary antibody for IHC/IHC studies. Boster Bio's FFPE cell pellets allow for high throughput screening for a wide range of samples, allowing for faster and more effective analysis. Boster Bio's optimized dilution rate is optimized for best results. The company also offers Multiplex Immunohistochemistry. This service allows researchers and clinicians to simultaneously identify multiple targets, with minimal effort. It also allows for high throughput screening. Multiplex Immunohistochemistry is a great option for those in the cellular immunohistochemistry field.
PMID: 8187880 by Loeber G., et al. Characterization of cytosolic malic enzyme in human tumor cells.
PMID: 7622060 by Gonzalez-Manchon C., et al. Cloning, sequencing and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a NADP-dependent malic enzyme from human liver.