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- Table of Contents
Plan METTL1 paraffin-section IHC around the nuclear staining reported in several tissues (HPA tissue IHC). This guide identifies tissue controls, antibody concentration and interpretation caveats for the IHC-validated antibody A10859-1 (HPA tissue IHC; datasheet A10859-1).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Nuclear staining in several tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Nuclear staining; high in pancreatic exocrine glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A10859-1) | |
| Positive control | Epididymis+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining–RNA agreement has medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Low tissue RNA specificity (HPA tissue RNA) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt) |
Compare the catalog antibody IHC-P protocol (datasheet A10859-1) with published METTL1 IHC conditions for colon sections (PMC13215248) and PTC tumor samples (PMC12075834).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded rat pancreas tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A10859-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A10859-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A10859-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A10859-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-METTL1, 2-5μg/ml (datasheet A10859-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A10859-1) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A10859-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | METTL1-positive staining in glandular cells of epididymis (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Nuclear expression in several tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
METTL1 is a nuclear protein without a transmembrane segment (UniProt: Q9UBP6). In paraffin sections, expect nuclear staining in selected glandular and urothelial cells, including pancreatic exocrine cells, epididymal glandular cells and bladder urothelial cells (HPA: High). Tissue staining varies, and HPA rates its tissue IHC evidence Uncertain because antibody staining and RNA expression show only medium consistency (HPA: tissue IHC).
| Distinct nuclear staining in pancreatic exocrine cells, epididymal glandular cells or bladder urothelial cells. | This fits the reported METTL1 pattern: HPA scores each of these cell populations High and describes nuclear expression in several tissues (HPA: tissue IHC). Compare signal within the named cell population, rather than assigning one intensity to every cell in the section; HPA rates its tissue IHC evidence Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Predominantly cytoplasmic staining, with little nuclear signal in an expected positive cell population. | The compartment conflicts with the reported nuclear tissue pattern (HPA: tissue IHC) and nuclear localization (UniProt: Q9UBP6). Treat it as a possible staining or interpretation artefact; check whether the nuclear counterstain identifies the cells clearly and whether the same pattern persists with appropriate controls. |
| Strong staining in adipocytes, cardiomyocytes or bronchial respiratory epithelial cells. | HPA reports METTL1 as Not detected in these specific cell populations (HPA: tissue IHC). Consider cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic detection activity if staining persists in controls. A single unexpected positive cell is not proof of either cause, especially given HPA's Uncertain tissue IHC reliability (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Diffuse color across nuclei, cytoplasm and tissue spaces, without recognizable positive cells. | An unstructured signal is difficult to reconcile with HPA's nuclear, cell-specific tissue pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). Assess the no-primary control and background in the same specimen; excess detection activity, nonspecific antibody binding or residual reagent can obscure the compartment needed for interpretation (standard IHC practice). |
| No nuclear staining in the pancreatic exocrine, epididymal glandular or bladder urothelial cells being used as a positive reference. | These cells are reported High by HPA, so an absent signal calls for an assay check (HPA: tissue IHC). Confirm that the reference cell population is present and review primary antibody and detection controls before interpreting another tissue as negative; the HPA reference is useful but carries Uncertain tissue IHC reliability (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Cell population and tissue choice | HPA scores pancreatic exocrine cells, epididymal glandular cells and bladder urothelial cells High, but hepatocytes and prostatic glandular cells Low, and adipocytes Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Choose the specific cell population when comparing slides; tissue names alone can hide these differences. |
| Antibody evidence | The tissue IHC profile is Uncertain, and HPA020914 has an Uncertain IHC validation status (HPA: tissue IHC; HPA: antibodies). Use the expected nuclear pattern as a reference with controls, rather than treating one matching stain as definitive target confirmation. |
| Isoforms and processing | UniProt lists two METTL1 isoforms and a processed chain spanning residues 2–276 (UniProt: Q9UBP6). The supplied sources do not map an IHC antibody epitope to an isoform or establish isoform-specific tissue staining, so they cannot explain a staining difference by isoform. |
| IF/ICC Q: Where should METTL1 appear? | A: Mainly in the nucleoplasm (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF); HPA lists ICC support for HPA020914 and HPA050450 (HPA: antibodies). This is a localization cross-check for the separate IF/ICC guide, not an IHC-P staining intensity reference. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Expected positive cells show no nuclear signal. | The assay may have failed, or the reference cell population may be absent; these cells are reported High, but tissue IHC reliability is Uncertain (HPA: tissue IHC). | Verify the named cells on the counterstained section, then review primary antibody, detection reagents and a concurrent positive reference (standard IHC practice). |
| Color is mainly cytoplasmic in an expected positive tissue. | That compartment disagrees with nuclear METTL1 localization (UniProt: Q9UBP6; HPA: tissue IHC); background or cell-boundary interpretation may contribute. | Inspect the nuclear counterstain and no-primary control, then score only clearly localized staining; investigate persistent cytoplasmic signal before calling it METTL1. |
| Strong color appears in a HPA Not detected cell population. | Possible cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; HPA lists adipocytes, cardiomyocytes and bronchial respiratory epithelial cells as Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare a no-primary control in the same tissue and review blocking appropriate to the chromogenic detection system (standard IHC practice). |
| Signal covers the section with little cellular definition. | Diffuse background can conceal the nuclear pattern reported for METTL1 (HPA: tissue IHC); its source cannot be assigned from the stained slide alone. | Check no-primary background, reagent handling and antibody concentration according to the chosen IHC workflow (standard IHC practice); reassess localization after background is controlled. |
| Only faint signal appears in liver hepatocytes or prostatic glandular cells. | HPA scores these populations Low (HPA: tissue IHC), so weak staining can fit the reference pattern; intensity alone cannot establish assay failure. | Compare them with a concurrent High reference cell population and its nuclear pattern (HPA: tissue IHC) before adjusting the assay. |
| Two tissue sections give different staining strengths. | HPA reports cell-dependent levels, including High pancreatic exocrine cells and Low hepatocytes (HPA: tissue IHC); the supplied sources give no METTL1-specific fixation sensitivity. | Confirm which cell populations are being compared, score nuclear localization separately from intensity, and check run controls before attributing the difference to sample handling. |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epididymis | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Pancreas | Exocrine glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Urinary bladder | Urothelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Heart muscle | Cardiomyocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Troubleshoot METTL1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, nuclear localisation, controls and cell-specific scoring before interpreting differences in signal.
A10859-1 has IHC images from paraffin sections of rat pancreas and human breast, gastric and pancreatic cancers, plus an IF/ICC image from A431 cells (catalog image captions).
A10859-1 has IHC images from paraffin sections of rat pancreas and human breast, gastric and pancreatic cancers (catalog IHC captions). The same SKU has an IF/ICC image from A431 cells and lists Human and Rat reactivity (catalog IF caption; catalog reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose A10859-1 for tissue IHC: its images document paraffin sections with EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 and 2 μg/ml primary antibody; the fixative is unreported (catalog IHC captions). Choose A10859-1 for IF/ICC when its A431 cell image is relevant; that caption uses 5 μg/ml, while the catalog lists both IF and ICC applications (catalog IF caption; catalog applications). For human and rat tissue IHC, the same SKU has images from both species and lists both as reactive; clonality is unreported (catalog IHC captions; catalog reactivity; catalog clone field).