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Plan PLSCR1 paraffin IHC using the catalog antibody’s documented mouse spleen workflow (datasheet A02995-2). Assess cytoplasmic staining in immune-cell subsets and interpret it with the reported low consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasm in immune-cell subsets (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in immune-cell subsets (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A02995-2) | |
| Positive control | Bone marrow+1 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
| Fixation | Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A02995-2) | |
| Caveat | Staining may diverge from RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | IFN-response role; intensity effect unknown (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 2 isoforms; epitope map unknown; cytoplasmic versus extracellular site matters (UniProt) |
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol uses EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet A02995-2). One published PLSCR1 IHC protocol in human liver tissue is listed below (PMC7590428).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded mouse spleen tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A02995-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A02995-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A02995-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A02995-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-PLSCR1, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A02995-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A02995-2) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A02995-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | PLSCR1-positive staining in hematopoietic cells of bone marrow (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in subsets of immune cells in several tissues, incuding lymphoid organs. No signal in the no-primary control. |
In paraffin tissue sections, expect mainly cytoplasmic PLSCR1 staining in subsets of immune cells (HPA: tissue IHC profile), including hematopoietic cells in bone marrow and cells in splenic red pulp (HPA: Medium staining). Membrane and nuclear localization are biologically plausible (UniProt O15162: cell membrane and nucleus; residues 289–305 form a transmembrane segment). Treat the tissue pattern cautiously: HPA rates its IHC evidence Approved but reports low consistency with RNA expression (HPA: reliability description).
| Distinct cytoplasmic chromogen in some bone marrow hematopoietic cells or splenic red-pulp cells, with neighboring cells less stained (HPA: tissue IHC). | This matches the reported cell distribution and Medium staining level in those compartments (HPA: bone marrow and spleen). Score the relevant cells rather than calling the whole tissue positive; HPA describes expression in subsets of immune cells (HPA: tissue IHC profile). |
| Signal appears only as acellular deposits, or every cell shows the same strong nuclear stain despite little immune-cell cytoplasm (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Reassess localization and controls before assigning that pattern to PLSCR1 (general IHC practice). Nuclear PLSCR1 is possible (UniProt O15162; HPA: nucleoplasm in ICC-IF), so nuclear staining alone does not establish an artefact. The mismatch is its uniform distribution versus the reported tissue pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile). |
| Strong staining dominates adipocytes or bronchial respiratory epithelial cells (HPA: those cell types Not detected). | That distribution conflicts with the sampled HPA IHC results and warrants checking antibody specificity and endogenous chromogen activity (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). These observations concern named cell types, not every cell in adipose tissue or bronchus (HPA: tissue IHC records). |
| Pale chromogen covers nuclei, stroma and cells without a clear cellular pattern (general IHC practice). | Interpret this as background until controls and microscopic localization support a cellular signal (general IHC practice). Broad haze cannot establish the reported immune-cell cytoplasmic pattern (HPA: tissue IHC profile); compare it with a section processed without primary antibody (general IHC practice). |
| No discernible staining in bone marrow hematopoietic cells or splenic red-pulp cells (HPA: both Medium). | Check the run before concluding biological absence: these are useful reference compartments, though HPA reports only Medium staining and low IHC–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC). Review section quality, retrieval, antibody conditions and detection controls as general IHC checks (general IHC practice). |
| Tissue and cell choice (HPA: tissue IHC) | Bone marrow hematopoietic cells and splenic red-pulp cells provide reported Medium reference staining; adipocytes and bronchial respiratory epithelial cells were Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC). Use the specified cell population when comparing sections. |
| Compartment and topology (UniProt O15162) | PLSCR1 has one transmembrane segment at residues 289–305, a cytoplasmic region at 1–288 and an extracellular region at 306–318 (UniProt O15162 topology). These features permit membrane localization but do not specify where the catalog antibody binds or guarantee visible membrane staining in paraffin sections. |
| Localization state (UniProt O15162) | Palmitoylation favors cell-membrane trafficking; its absence favors nuclear localization, and RELT can accompany perinuclear localization (UniProt O15162 localization notes). Thus a compartment shift can have a biological basis, but the supplied tissue IHC evidence does not link a particular section to either state. |
| Evidence from ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular) | HPA reports supported nucleoplasm and plasma-membrane localization and approved Golgi localization in ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular). This supports possible compartments; it does not convert an ICC-IF observation into an expected chromogenic tissue pattern or an IF/ICC protocol. |
| Antibody and tissue evidence (HPA: antibodies; tissue IHC) | HPA lists CAB070421 as IHC Approved and HPA068923 as ICC Supported (HPA: antibody validation). The tissue IHC profile is Approved with low staining–RNA consistency (HPA: reliability). Interpret an unexpected compartment or cell distribution with controls rather than treating either status as proof of specificity. |
| Retrieval and detection (general IHC practice) | Check retrieval and chromogenic detection against the validated assay conditions when signal fails or background rises (general IHC practice). The supplied UniProt and HPA records do not report a PLSCR1-specific fixation effect, retrieval requirement or working dilution. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow or splenic reference cells show no signal (HPA: Medium staining). | An assay or section issue is possible; a genuinely low local signal is also possible because HPA reports Medium staining, not universal positivity (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Confirm that the named cells are present, then review the validated retrieval, antibody and detection steps with an assay control (general IHC practice). Do not assign a PLSCR1-specific fixation failure from these records. |
| Adipocytes or bronchial respiratory epithelium stain strongly (HPA: Not detected). | The pattern may reflect off-target binding or endogenous detection activity (general IHC practice); it differs from the specified HPA cell-type observations (HPA: tissue IHC). | Check a section without primary antibody and inspect whether chromogen follows cells or endogenous deposits (general IHC practice). Compare the exact cell types; HPA does not classify the entire tissues as PLSCR1-negative. |
| Most of the section has a diffuse chromogen haze (general IHC practice). | Background from blocking, washing or detection can obscure cellular localization (general IHC practice). HPA's described immune-cell cytoplasmic pattern cannot be scored reliably through diffuse haze (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Review blocking, washing and detection controls, then score only resolved cellular staining (general IHC practice). Compare suspected positive cells with nearby cells and the primary-omission control. |
| Nuclear staining appears without the reported immune-cell cytoplasmic pattern (HPA: tissue IHC). | Nuclear localization can be genuine (UniProt O15162; HPA: nucleoplasm in ICC-IF), but uniform staining across unrelated cells may indicate an assay artefact (general IHC practice). | Check cellular distribution and controls before scoring (general IHC practice). Report the nuclear observation separately from the tissue IHC pattern; ICC-IF localization does not validate that particular paraffin-section signal (HPA: subcellular; tissue IHC). |
| Only a membrane rim is visible in cells expected to show cytoplasmic IHC staining (HPA: tissue IHC profile). | Membrane localization is plausible from PLSCR1 topology and localization data (UniProt O15162), while the reported tissue pattern is cytoplasmic in immune-cell subsets (HPA: tissue IHC). | Verify that the rim is cellular and control-dependent before interpreting it (general IHC practice). Record membrane and cytoplasmic patterns separately; avoid assuming the antibody epitope from topology alone. |
| A different antibody gives a conflicting tissue pattern (general IHC practice). | Validation differs by application: one HPA antibody is IHC Approved and another is ICC Supported (HPA: CAB070421; HPA068923). HPA also reports low consistency between tissue staining and RNA (HPA: reliability description). | Compare only results from antibodies validated for the same application and check the named cell populations (HPA: antibody validation; tissue IHC). Use appropriate assay controls before calling either pattern PLSCR1-specific (general IHC practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Spleen | Cells in red pulp | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Troubleshoot PLSCR1 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, cell identity, compartment, and detection controls before comparing specimens.
The catalog includes a mouse paraffin-section IHC image for PLSCR1 (A02995-2 image caption) and lists human IF/ICC reactivity without an IF image (M02995-1 catalog applications and reactivity).
A02995-2 has an IHC image from a mouse spleen paraffin section and lists human and mouse reactivity (A02995-2 image caption and catalog reactivity). M02995-1 lists human ICC/IF among its applications, with no IF image supplied (M02995-1 catalog applications, reactivity and image payload).
Which to pick: Choose A02995-2 for tissue IHC: its own image shows staining of a mouse spleen paraffin section after EDTA pH 8 retrieval, and its listed IHC concentration is 0.5–1 μg/ml (A02995-2 image caption and catalog dilution); the fixative is unreported (A02995-2 image caption). Choose the rabbit monoclonal M02995-1 for human IF/ICC based on its application listing, while recognizing that no IF image is supplied (M02995-1 catalog host, clone, applications, reactivity and image payload). For work spanning human and mouse samples, A02995-2 lists both species, whereas M02995-1 lists human only (catalog reactivity).