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SGK1 / Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for SGK1
Plan paraffin SGK1 IHC using the general cytoplasmic tissue pattern (HPA tissue IHC) and a 0.5–1 μg/mL starting range for A00673-2 (datasheet). Score nuclear and cytoplasmic staining separately because SGK1 localization changes with cell cycle, growth factors, and stress (UniProt).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
SGK1 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | General cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in glandular and other cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A00673-2) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Soft tissue |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific). Selected-image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A00673-2); verify before use. | |
| Caveat | Stress can shift SGK1 from nucleus to cytoplasm (UniProt) | |
| Regulation | Hormones and stress redistribute SGK1 (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Five isoforms; antibody epitope coverage needs checking (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended SGK1 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol uses EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet A00673-2). The published SGK1 IHC protocols below cover human brain and mouse skin, lung, and other tissues (PMCs cited below).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human mammary cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A00673-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A00673-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A00673-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A00673-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-SGK1, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A00673-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A00673-2) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A00673-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | SGK1-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General cytoplasmic expression. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteFor the catalog antibody, start with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet A00673-2); the published protocols used their stated preparation and detection conditions (PMCs cited below).
Section 2
What Is the Expected SGK1 Staining Pattern?
SGK1 staining in paraffin sections is expected to be mainly cytoplasmic, including glandular, hematopoietic and neuronal cells in tissues where those populations stain (HPA tissue IHC). Nuclear staining can also be plausible because SGK1 changes location with cell state (UniProt O00141 subcellular location). SGK1 has no transmembrane segment (UniProt O00141 topology). HPA rates its tissue IHC as Approved but reports low consistency between staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC).
| Cytoplasmic staining is strongest in adrenal or colon glandular cells, bone marrow hematopoietic cells, or cerebral cortical neurons. | This matches cell populations scored High by HPA; assess the stated cell population within each tissue, rather than treating every cell on the section as an expected positive (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Nuclear staining accompanies cytoplasmic staining or varies between otherwise comparable cells. | A nuclear component can be biologically plausible: UniProt places SGK1 in both compartments and describes cell cycle, hormone and stress dependent shifts. A purely nuclear result still needs tissue and antibody context before acceptance (UniProt O00141 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Strong staining outlines extracellular spaces or glandular lumens, with little signal in the expected cells. | That distribution does not match HPA’s general cytoplasmic tissue profile. Check the section and detection controls for artefact; do not call the outlined spaces SGK1 positive solely because adjacent glandular cells are expected to stain (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Strong signal appears in soft tissue fibroblasts, or color appears broadly across unrelated cell types. | HPA lists soft tissue fibroblasts as Not detected. Investigate antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity with controls before interpreting this as SGK1; the HPA result is a reference observation, not proof that every fibroblast must be negative (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| No signal appears in a section containing a HPA High cell population. | First confirm that the expected cells are present and the staining run worked. A negative result alone cannot establish SGK1 absence, particularly given HPA’s reported low agreement between tissue staining and RNA expression (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
💡Expected SGK1 appearanceCall a positive result when staining is predominantly cytoplasmic in the specified HPA High cell populations, with nuclear variation interpreted in context; prominent extracellular or luminal color without staining of those cells is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O00141 subcellular location; general IHC practice).
| Tissue and cell selection | Adrenal, appendix, breast and colon glandular cells; bone marrow hematopoietic cells; and cerebral cortical neurons are High, whereas soft tissue fibroblasts are Not detected. Select and score the actual cell population named by HPA (HPA tissue IHC). |
| State dependent location | UniProt describes nuclear residence after serum or growth factor stimulation, cytoplasmic detection after stress or glucocorticoids, and possible mitochondrial association under certain stress conditions. The expected compartment therefore depends on biological context (UniProt O00141 subcellular location). |
| Membrane interpretation | SGK1 has no transmembrane segment. UniProt nevertheless describes location at the cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane during epithelial sodium channel regulation; a membrane associated component is possible, but an obligatory surface outline is unsupported (UniProt O00141 topology and subcellular location). |
| Isoform coverage | UniProt lists five SGK1 isoforms and reports stronger isoform 2 expression in brain and pancreas. An antibody’s isoform recognition cannot be inferred from those facts; check its documented target region before explaining tissue differences as isoform effects (UniProt O00141 isoforms and tissue specificity; general IHC practice). |
| Evidence across assays | HPA describes general cytoplasmic tissue IHC but mainly nuclear speckles in ICC-IF. These observations come from different preparations; use the paraffin tissue profile for the IHC call and treat ICC-IF as context, without assuming identical patterns (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strength of tissue evidence | HPA rates tissue IHC Approved and explicitly notes low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression. Its High and Not detected entries guide comparison, but a single discrepant section needs controls and cell level review before a biological conclusion (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| A HPA High cell population shows no chromogenic signal. | The expected cells may be absent from the examined area, or the staining run may have failed; this slide alone cannot distinguish those possibilities (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Verify morphology and run an appropriate positive tissue and detection control in the same workflow. Review documented primary antibody dilution and antigen retrieval settings; no SGK1 specific retrieval condition is supplied here (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse color covers the section, including spaces without cells. | Background from detection reagents, endogenous activity or nonspecific binding can obscure a cellular pattern (general IHC practice). | Compare primary antibody omission and detection controls, assess blocking and washing, and score only cell associated staining against HPA’s general cytoplasmic profile (general IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Soft tissue fibroblasts stain strongly. | This conflicts with the HPA Not detected reference and may reflect cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; the stain alone does not identify which (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Inspect controls and morphology, then compare with a HPA High cell population before accepting the fibroblast signal as SGK1 (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Only nuclei stain in an otherwise expected tissue population. | SGK1 can enter nuclei, but HPA describes tissue IHC as generally cytoplasmic. Nuclear staining alone does not establish whether the pattern is biological or assay related (UniProt O00141 subcellular location; HPA tissue IHC). | Check cell identity and staining controls; interpret nuclear signal with the sample context and the HPA tissue profile, rather than rejecting or accepting it by compartment alone (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O00141 subcellular location; general IHC practice). |
| A sharp membrane outline dominates the image. | UniProt permits association with the cytoplasmic membrane surface in one functional context, while reporting no transmembrane segment; a strong outline by itself is inconclusive (UniProt O00141 topology and subcellular location). | Assess accompanying cytoplasmic staining and cell identity, then inspect detection controls for edge artefact before assigning the outline to SGK1 (HPA tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| IF/ICC shows nuclear speckles while paraffin IHC looks cytoplasmic. | HPA reports mainly nuclear speckles in ICC-IF and general cytoplasmic expression in tissue IHC; UniProt also describes variable SGK1 location (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O00141 subcellular location). | For this paraffin IHC section, judge the result against HPA tissue IHC and the sampled cell population. Use the ICC-IF observation as context, without transferring it into an IHC protocol requirement (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing SGK1 staining
A00673-2 · IHCIHC analysis of SGK1 using anti-SGK1 antibody (A00673-2). SGK1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human mammary cancer tissue. Hea
A00673-2 · IHCIHC analysis of SGK1 using anti-SGK1 antibody (A00673-2). SGK1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human mammary cancer tissue. Hea
A00673-2 · IFIF analysis of SGK1 using anti-SGK1 antibody (A00673-2). SGK1 was detected in immunocytochemical section of A549 cells. Enzyme antigen retri
M00673 · IHCIHC analysis of SGK1 using anti-SGK1 antibody (M00673). SGK1 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human breast cancer tissue. Heat
M00673 · IHCIHC analysis of SGK1 using anti-SGK1 antibody (M00673). SGK1 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of mouse ovary tissue. Heat mediate
A00673 · IHCIHC analysis of SGK1 using anti-SGK1 antibody (A00673). SGK1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human rectal cancer tissue. Heat m
A00673 · IHCIHC analysis of SGK1 using anti-SGK1 antibody (A00673). SGK1 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human rectal cancer tissue. Heat m
A00673 · IFIF analysis of SGK1 using anti-SGK1 antibody (A00673). SGK1 was detected in immunocytochemical section of U20S cells. Enzyme antigen retriev
A00673-1 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of SGK1 in human stomach tissue with SGK1 antibody at 5 μg/mL.
A00673-1 · IFImmunofluorescence of SGK1 in human stomach tissue with SGK1 antibody at 20 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000118515-SGK1/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_5743124
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000118515-SGK1/tissue/colon#imid_5743058
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000118515-SGK1/tissue/liver#imid_5743059
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000118515-SGK1/tissue/kidney#imid_5743060
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody CAB022085; green = SGK1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody CAB022085; green = SGK1, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for SGK1 IHC & IF
🧪Run breast first: its glandular cells should stain for SGK1 (HPA: Breast glandular cells, High). Use soft tissue fibroblasts as the negative tissue (HPA: Soft tissue fibroblasts, Not detected); on the breast slide, cells without specific staining should retain only background signal, without assuming a particular neighboring cell type is SGK1-negative.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Soft tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show SGK1 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, HeLa, NIH 3T3, with annotated localisation: Nuclear speckles (enhanced) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control; a rabbit IgG isotype control matched to the primary antibody’s clonality; and SGK1 knockout material as a biological negative (caption: rabbit anti-SGK1 antibody). Quench endogenous peroxidase and check for endogenous biotin signal when using the caption’s avidin–biotin/DAB detection (caption: SABC with DAB).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the selected A00673-2 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (caption: fixative not stated). The caption uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but does not establish that retrieval is required for every specimen (caption: EDTA heat retrieval). The supplied evidence does not establish frozen sections or IF as easier; for breast IHC, assess background from the avidin–biotin/DAB detection system (caption: SABC with DAB).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for SGK1
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in molecular layer | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soft tissue | Fibroblasts | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced SGK1 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot SGK1 staining in paraffin sections by tracking retrieval conditions, cellular compartment, controls and scoring across matched samples.
Which retrieval conditions should I try first for weak SGK1 staining?
Start with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 antigen retrieval for paraffin sections (datasheet A00673-2). The demonstrated workflow then uses 10% goat-serum block and 1 µg/ml catalog antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet A00673-2). If staining is weak, check deparaffinization, heating consistency and section adherence before testing another buffer or pH on serial sections (standard IHC practice). Compare each condition with a matched control and score cytoplasmic and nuclear signal separately, since SGK1 can occupy both compartments (UniProt O00141 subcellular location); increased brown signal by itself does not establish specific retrieval (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain variable SGK1 staining between paraffin blocks?
SGK1-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (datasheet A00673-2). Record the fixative and fixation duration for each block, then compare matched tissue sections under the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and antibody conditions (standard IHC practice; datasheet A00673-2). Include a consistently processed positive-control section to help separate block preparation effects from staining-run variation (standard IHC practice). Do not assign a particular fixation effect to SGK1 from its tissue staining pattern or cellular distribution; those observations do not establish fixation sensitivity (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O00141 subcellular location).
How should I assess nuclear versus cytoplasmic SGK1 staining?
Score nuclear and cytoplasmic staining separately because SGK1 can shuttle between those compartments with cell-cycle state, growth factors, hormones and stress (UniProt O00141 subcellular location). General cytoplasmic staining is reported in tissue IHC, while nuclear speckles are the main location reported in cell imaging (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). Compare stained sections with an unstained or negative-control section and identify the cell population before assigning a compartment (standard IHC practice). A change in nuclear-to-cytoplasmic staining warrants review of tissue condition and controls; chromogenic localisation alone cannot establish SGK1 phosphorylation or kinase activity (UniProt O00141 subcellular location; standard IHC interpretation).
Can this stain distinguish SGK1 isoforms or phosphorylation states?
Do not assign an isoform from this stain without an antibody epitope and isoform-specific validation: SGK1 has 5 reported isoforms (UniProt O00141 isoforms; datasheet A00673-2). Likewise, total SGK1 staining cannot identify phosphorylation at residues such as Thr256 or Ser397 without a validated modification-specific reagent (UniProt O00141 modified residues; standard IHC interpretation). The protein kinase region spans residues 98–355, and the AGC-kinase C-terminal region spans 356–431 (UniProt O00141 domains). Document the antibody's mapped epitope if available, then compare relevant controls before interpreting differences as isoform abundance or kinase activation (standard IHC practice).
How should I plan follow-up SGK1 immunofluorescence?
For a follow-up IF experiment, multiplex SGK1 with a marker that identifies the expected cell population in the specimen, and choose distinct fluorophores after checking tissue autofluorescence in an unstained control (standard IF practice). Evaluate nuclear and cytoplasmic channels separately because SGK1 localisation varies with stimulation and stress (UniProt O00141 subcellular location). Choose permeabilisation to expose the antibody's epitope: SGK1 has no transmembrane segment, but its epitope location is not supplied here (UniProt O00141 topology; datasheet A00673-2). Titrate permeabilisation on matched samples and include single-stain controls before interpreting overlap with a cell marker or nuclear signal (standard IF practice).
What should I check when SGK1 DAB staining is diffuse?
First compare the stained section with a no-primary control and inspect tissue edges, folds and damaged areas for nonspecific deposition (standard IHC practice). The demonstrated workflow uses 10% goat serum, biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody and a streptavidin–biotin detection complex with DAB (datasheet A00673-2). Check peroxidase blocking and the detection system with appropriate controls, since endogenous enzyme activity or detection reagents can contribute brown signal (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Adjust blocking, primary-antibody concentration and wash stringency one variable at a time; preserve a matched control so loss of background can be distinguished from loss of SGK1 signal (standard IHC practice).
What is a reproducible way to quantify SGK1 IHC? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, then report the percentage of positive cells and an intensity-weighted H-score using the same thresholds across sections (standard IHC practice). If measuring stained-cell density, report cells per mm² of viable tissue and exclude folds and necrotic regions by a predefined rule (standard IHC practice). Normalize comparisons to the number of evaluable cells or viable tissue area, and keep retrieval, antibody concentration and DAB development consistent between samples (standard IHC practice). Report nuclear and cytoplasmic results separately because SGK1 distribution can change with cell state (UniProt O00141 subcellular location).
How can I distinguish convincing SGK1 staining from artefact?
Look for staining within identifiable cells and plausible cytoplasmic or nuclear compartments, while considering that SGK1 localisation changes with stimulation and stress (UniProt O00141 subcellular location). Compare the pattern with a no-primary control and review tissue edges, necrosis and areas with endogenous enzyme activity before calling a brown deposit positive (standard chromogenic IHC practice). HPA reports high staining in several glandular populations and general cytoplasmic expression, but also reports low consistency between staining and RNA data (HPA tissue IHC). Treat an unexpected cell population or compartment as a finding requiring independent validation, rather than proof of SGK1 expression or activity (standard IHC interpretation).
Boster reagents
Best SGK1 / Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 IHC Antibodies
Anti-SGK1 antibodies have paraffin-section IHC images from human cancer and stomach tissues and mouse and rat ovary (catalog IHC captions); IF examples include human cells and stomach tissue (catalog IF captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-SGK1 Antibody ®
Cat # A00673-2
Real IHC data
Anti-SGK1/Sgk Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M00673
Real IHC data
Anti-SGK1 Antibody ®
Cat # A00673
Real IHC data
Anti-SGK1 Antibody
Cat # A00673-1
A00673-2 shows human mammary cancer IHC, and A00673 shows human rectal cancer IHC, both in paraffin sections (respective catalog IHC captions). M00673 shows human breast cancer and mouse and rat ovary paraffin-section IHC (catalog IHC captions); A00673-1 shows human stomach IHC (catalog IHC caption).
Which to pick: For human paraffin-section IHC, choose A00673-2 for mammary cancer or A00673 for rectal cancer; each image caption documents EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and leaves the fixative unreported (respective catalog IHC captions). For IF/ICC, A00673-2 has an A549 cell example at 4 μg/mL and A00673 has a U20S cell example at 2 μg/mL (respective catalog IF captions); A00673-1 also has a human stomach IF example (catalog IF caption). For cross-species IHC, choose rabbit monoclonal M00673, clone EHF-19 (catalog title and clone), whose paraffin-section captions show human breast cancer and mouse and rat ovary; the fixative is unreported (catalog IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O00141 (SGK1_HUMAN, Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1).
- Human Protein Atlas. SGK1 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. SGK1 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nuclear speckles..
- Human Protein Atlas. SGK1 antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
- Induction of the cell survival kinase Sgk1: A possible novel mechanism for α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone in experimental stroke. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2019 — PMC6545623.
- High-Salt Diet Exacerbates Murine Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis via Activation of Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase 1. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2026 — PMC13607775.
- SGK1 Mediates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension through Promoting Macrophage Infiltration and Activation. Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) 2019 — PMC6877960.
- Association between Decreased SGK1 and Increased Intestinal α-Synuclein in an MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. International journal of molecular sciences 2023 — PMC10671719.
- PubMed PMID:9114008 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:9722955 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:18753299 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for SGK1 (Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1). Expected localisation General cytoplasmic tissue staining (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A00673-2). Validated IHC antibody: A00673-2 at 0.5-1μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Soft tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human mammary cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A00673-2); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A00673-2); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A00673-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A00673-2); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-SGK1, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A00673-2); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A00673-2). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific). Selected-image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A00673-2); verify before use.; Caveat: Stress can shift SGK1 from nucleus to cytoplasm (UniProt); Isoform / epitope: Five isoforms; antibody epitope coverage needs checking (UniProt); Regulation: Hormones and stress redistribute SGK1 (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt O00141, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nuclear speckles., Datasheet A00673-2, PMC6545623, PMC13607775. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/SGK1/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.