This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
TMEM107 / Transmembrane protein 107 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for TMEM107
Plan TMEM107 paraffin-section IHC using the cytoplasmic staining reported across most tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Adrenal glandular cells show medium staining, while adipocytes have no detected staining and can serve as a comparison (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
TMEM107 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic in tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC); ciliary transition zone at the molecular level (UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | Citrate pH 6 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A04966) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+3 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Tissue staining awaits external verification (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation is not annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 4 isoforms; check epitope coverage and loop orientation (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended TMEM107 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet A04966) is accompanied by one published TMEM107 tissue staining protocol (PMC7779196).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human intestinal cancer tissues; fixative not specified (datasheet A04966) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A04966); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: Citrate pH 6, 20 min (datasheet A04966) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A04966) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-TMEM107, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A04966) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A04966) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A04966) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | TMEM107-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with citrate pH 6 heat retrieval (datasheet A04966). The published protocol used 0.01 mol/L citrate under high pressure for 2 minutes (PMC7779196).
Section 2
What Is the Expected TMEM107 Staining Pattern?
TMEM107 is a four-pass membrane protein at the ciliary transition zone (UniProt Q6UX40: topology and location). In paraffin-section IHC, HPA reports cytoplasmic staining in most tissues, including medium staining in several glandular, neuronal and endothelial cell populations (HPA tissue IHC). Treat that slide-level pattern as the practical expectation; the HPA tissue profile is Approved, with external verification pending (HPA tissue IHC: reliability).
| Cytoplasmic staining in glandular cells of breast, appendix or endometrium, or neurons of cerebral cortex. | These named populations have medium staining in HPA tissue IHC. Compare the signal with neighboring structures and the negative control; HPA's Approved rating still has external verification pending (HPA tissue IHC: cell levels and reliability). |
| A sharply nuclear or exclusively extracellular signal, without the expected cytoplasmic pattern. | That compartment disagrees with HPA's cytoplasmic tissue pattern and UniProt's membrane and ciliary location. Review morphology and detection background before calling it TMEM107 (HPA tissue IHC: profile; UniProt Q6UX40: location). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes, cholangiocytes, smooth muscle cells or spleen red-pulp cells. | HPA lists those specific cell populations as not detected. Unexpected staining warrants checks for cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; their surrounding tissues are not whole-section negative controls (HPA tissue IHC: not-detected cells; general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse color across many cell types, stroma and blank areas, with weak cellular contrast. | The distribution is poorly aligned with HPA's cell-level observations. Inspect the no-primary control and reagent background before interpreting intensity; diffuse color alone cannot establish TMEM107 expression (HPA tissue IHC: profile; general IHC practice). |
| No detectable staining in an otherwise well-preserved breast glandular or cerebral-cortex neuronal sample. | HPA records medium staining in those cells, so examine the positive control and detection workflow. A single absent signal cannot establish biological absence, especially while external verification remains pending (HPA tissue IHC: cell levels and reliability; general IHC practice). |
💡Expected TMEM107 appearanceCall a positive result when identifiable glandular, neuronal or endothelial cells show discernible cytoplasmic staining near the medium examples in HPA; isolated nuclear color or strong staining in HPA not-detected cell populations is suspect (HPA tissue IHC: profile and cell levels; UniProt Q6UX40: membrane and ciliary location).
| Slide-level localization | HPA describes cytoplasmic IHC in most tissues, while UniProt places TMEM107 at the ciliary transition zone. Routine chromogenic IHC may show cellular staining without resolving that small structure; do not require visible ciliary puncta to score the HPA pattern (HPA tissue IHC: profile; UniProt Q6UX40: location; general IHC practice). |
| Membrane topology and unknown antibody epitope | UniProt annotates four transmembrane segments at residues 7–27, 53–73, 83–103 and 113–133. The payload gives no antibody epitope, so topology cannot identify which part the IHC antibody recognizes or predict a retrieval condition (UniProt Q6UX40: topology). |
| Isoforms and glycosylation | UniProt lists four isoforms and one glycosylation site at residue 79. Their effects on this antibody's staining are unreported here; do not attribute a cell-specific difference or absent signal to either feature without separate evidence (UniProt Q6UX40: isoforms and glycosylation). |
| Cell-specific reference levels | HPA reports medium staining in named glandular, neuronal and endothelial populations, but low staining in bronchial respiratory epithelium and kidney tubules. Select a medium-staining cell population when assessing whether a weak run reflects the assay (HPA tissue IHC: positive and low cell levels). |
| Validation and RNA evidence | The listed antibody HPA052555 has Approved IHC status, while the tissue profile awaits external verification. HPA's choroid-plexus RNA enhancement is transcript evidence; this payload supplies no matching choroid-plexus protein-staining level (HPA antibodies: IHC status; HPA tissue IHC: reliability and RNA specificity). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| The intended positive cells have no signal. | The detection run or staining conditions may be inadequate; HPA reports medium staining in breast glandular and cerebral-cortex neuronal cells (HPA tissue IHC: positive cells; general IHC practice). | Check a documented positive tissue section and detection controls, then review the chosen IHC antibody dilution and retrieval procedure. No TMEM107-specific retrieval setting or dilution is supplied here (general IHC practice). |
| The entire section has diffuse chromogen. | Nonspecific reagent binding or detection-system activity may obscure cell-level contrast (general IHC practice). | Inspect the no-primary control, blocking step and detection reagents; interpret only cellular signal that separates from background (general IHC practice). |
| Nuclei dominate the stain. | A nuclear-dominant pattern conflicts with the reported cytoplasmic IHC profile and membrane/ciliary annotation (HPA tissue IHC: profile; UniProt Q6UX40: location). | Review the counterstain and no-primary control, then reassess localization in an HPA medium-staining cell population (HPA tissue IHC: positive cells; general IHC practice). |
| An HPA not-detected cell population stains strongly. | Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible; HPA reports no staining in adipocytes and smooth muscle cells, among other named populations (HPA tissue IHC: not-detected cells; general IHC practice). | Compare cell identity and the no-primary control; assess whether the signal follows tissue morphology or background before assigning it to TMEM107 (general IHC practice). |
| A low-staining sample looks negative. | HPA reports low staining in bronchial respiratory epithelial cells and kidney tubular cells; a faint result is harder to distinguish from background (HPA tissue IHC: low cell levels; general IHC practice). | Judge that sample alongside a medium-staining reference and matched negative control rather than treating one faint section as proof of absence (HPA tissue IHC: cell levels; general IHC practice). |
| IF shows no clear ciliary focus despite acceptable IHC. | UniProt assigns TMEM107 to the ciliary transition zone, but HPA supplies no ICC-IF image or established main subcellular location for comparison (UniProt Q6UX40: location; HPA subcellular: image and location fields). | Keep the IHC interpretation tied to HPA's tissue pattern; evaluate IF localization in its separate guide with appropriate imaging and controls (HPA tissue IHC: profile; HPA subcellular: no ICC-IF images; general IF practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing TMEM107 staining
A04966 · IHCIHC analysis of TMEM107 using anti-TMEM107 antibody (A04966). TMEM107 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human intestinal cancer t
A04966 · IHCIHC analysis of TMEM107 using anti-TMEM107 antibody (A04966). TMEM107 was detected in paraffin-embedded section of human lung cancer tissues
A04966-1 · IHCImmunohistochemistry of TMEM107 in human lymph node tissue with TMEM107 antibody at 5 μg/mL.
A04966-1 · IFImmunofluorescence of TMEM107 in human lymph node tissue with TMEM107 antibody at 20 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000179029-TMEM107/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_15145418
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000179029-TMEM107/tissue/colon#imid_15145360
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000179029-TMEM107/tissue/liver#imid_15145353
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000179029-TMEM107/tissue/kidney#imid_15145346
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for TMEM107 IHC & IF
🧪Run breast first: glandular cells should stain (HPA: breast glandular cells, Medium). Run adipose tissue as the negative; adipocytes within the breast section, if present, should remain at background as an internal negative reference (HPA: adipose tissue adipocytes, Not detected).
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA carries no ICC-IF cell line for TMEM107; derive a cell-line control from the positive tissue's cell type (Glandular cells) and confirm it by RNA or western blot first.
Technical controls: Include no-primary (secondary-only) and rabbit IgG isotype controls matched to the primary antibody’s clonality, plus TMEM107 knockout material where available or antigen-peptide competition if the relevant peptide is available (A04966 tissue-IHC caption: rabbit primary; standard IHC practice). For the caption’s DAB and biotin-based detection, block endogenous peroxidase and assess endogenous biotin background (A04966 tissue-IHC caption: biotinylated secondary, SABC, DAB).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported, and the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (A04966 tissue-IHC caption: fixative not stated). That caption uses heat retrieval in citrate buffer at pH 6 for 20 minutes; whether retrieval is required has not been established by the supplied evidence (A04966 tissue-IHC caption). Frozen sections or IF cannot be judged easier from these sources; for breast sections, score glandular cells separately from adjacent adipocytes and check any edge staining against the negative controls (HPA: breast glandular cells, Medium; HPA: adipose tissue adipocytes, Not detected; HPA: no ICC-IF images).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for TMEM107
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Liver | Cholangiocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Smooth muscle | Smooth muscle cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Spleen | Cells in red pulp | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced TMEM107 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot TMEM107 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, controls and scoring before interpreting chromogenic signal.
What retrieval should I try first for weak TMEM107 staining in paraffin sections?
Start with heat mediated citrate retrieval at pH 6 for 20 minutes (datasheet A04966; A04966 IHC caption). The reported paraffin section workflow then used 10% goat serum blocking and 1 μg/mL primary antibody overnight at 4°C (A04966 IHC caption). If staining remains weak, compare a small retrieval time series while holding antibody concentration and detection constant (standard IHC practice). Excessive heating can damage section morphology, making a tiny transition zone signal harder to assess (standard IHC practice; UniProt Q6UX40 localisation). Include a known stained control section in each run so changes in retrieval can be distinguished from detection failure (standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or diffuse TMEM107 staining?
Target specific fixation sensitivity is unknown because the selected paraffin section caption does not report a fixative (A04966 IHC caption). Record the fixative and fixation duration for each specimen, then compare sections processed together with the same retrieval and detection settings (standard IHC practice). Avoid attributing a difference between specimens to fixation alone when tissue preservation, section thickness or antibody exposure also differs (standard IHC practice). Check whether cellular outlines and ciliated surfaces remain intact before judging a faint TMEM107 signal (standard IHC practice; UniProt Q6UX40 localisation). Use the reported citrate pH 6 retrieval for 20 minutes as the starting condition (A04966 IHC caption).
Where should convincing TMEM107 staining appear in a tissue section?
TMEM107 localises to the ciliary transition zone between the basal body and axoneme (UniProt Q6UX40 localisation). In chromogenic sections, assess any discrete signal against visible ciliated surfaces and cell morphology; the structure may be difficult to resolve with routine light microscopy (UniProt Q6UX40 localisation; standard IHC practice). HPA reports cytoplasmic expression in most tissues, but its tissue IHC reliability is approved pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC). Compare the candidate signal with antibody omission and an independently stained control section before assigning it to TMEM107 (standard IHC practice). Diffuse cytoplasmic DAB alone does not establish transition zone localisation (UniProt Q6UX40 localisation; standard IHC practice).
How do isoforms and membrane topology affect epitope assessment?
TMEM107 has four annotated isoforms and four transmembrane segments at residues 7–27, 53–73, 83–103 and 113–133 (UniProt Q6UX40 topology and isoforms). A glycosylation site is annotated at residue 79 (UniProt Q6UX40 processing). Check the antibody's disclosed immunogen against isoform sequences before interpreting absent staining as absent protein; the supplied caption does not specify an epitope (UniProt Q6UX40 isoforms; A04966 IHC caption). Retrieval can alter epitope accessibility in paraffin sections, so compare conditions on adjacent sections with identical detection (standard IHC practice). Do not infer isoform specificity or epitope orientation from a positive DAB image alone (standard IHC practice).
How should I adapt this IHC result to multiplex IF?
Treat multiplex IF as a separate optimisation because the supplied A04966 evidence describes chromogenic staining of paraffin sections (A04966 IHC caption). Pair TMEM107 with a validated marker for the expected cell type and examine whether signal approaches the ciliated surface (UniProt Q6UX40 localisation; standard IF practice). Select fluorophores after checking the specimen's autofluorescence, reserving a spectrally distinct channel for the weaker signal (standard IF practice). Set permeabilisation according to the antibody epitope's side of the membrane; TMEM107 has four transmembrane segments, but the supplied evidence does not locate this antibody's epitope (UniProt Q6UX40 topology; A04966 IHC caption). Include single stain and antibody omission controls when evaluating apparent colocalisation (standard IF practice).
What should I check when TMEM107 DAB staining is widespread?
First compare the section with an antibody omission control and inspect pigment, tissue edges and damaged areas for signal unrelated to primary binding (standard IHC practice). Confirm that endogenous peroxidase blocking and biotin related background have been addressed when using the reported biotinylated secondary, streptavidin biotin complex and DAB detection (A04966 IHC caption; standard IHC practice). The caption specifies 10% goat serum blocking, 1 μg/mL primary antibody and an overnight incubation at 4°C (A04966 IHC caption). If background persists, titrate the primary while keeping retrieval and development time fixed (standard IHC practice). Broad staining requires cautious interpretation because the expected transition zone is spatially restricted (UniProt Q6UX40 localisation).
How should I score TMEM107 staining across paraffin sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, because TMEM107 is annotated at the ciliary transition zone (UniProt Q6UX40 localisation). For broad cellular staining, report percentage positive cells and an intensity based H-score from 0–300; for discrete puncta, report positive structures per mm² (standard IHC practice). Normalise counts to the number of eligible cells or measured tissue area, and analyse comparable regions at the same magnification (standard IHC practice). Exclude necrosis, folds and tissue edges using rules set before scoring (standard IHC practice). Keep the same retrieval, antibody exposure, DAB development and threshold across compared sections, and retain control images for review (standard IHC practice).
How can I distinguish genuine TMEM107 signal from artefact?
Give greatest weight to reproducible staining near a ciliated surface that fits the transition zone annotation (UniProt Q6UX40 localisation). HPA reports medium staining in several glandular cell populations and in colon endothelial cells, while reporting no detection in adipocytes and smooth muscle cells (HPA tissue IHC). Those patterns can guide comparison, but HPA labels its tissue IHC approved pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC). Reject interpretations driven by staining at cut edges, necrotic areas or sites that also stain in an antibody omission control (standard IHC practice). Check endogenous enzyme related DAB signal before assigning diffuse colour to TMEM107, particularly when the expected subcellular site cannot be resolved (standard IHC practice; UniProt Q6UX40 localisation).
Boster reagents
Best TMEM107 / Transmembrane protein 107 IHC Antibodies
Two human-reactive anti-TMEM107 antibodies have IHC tissue images; one also has an IF tissue image (catalog applications and image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-TMEM107 Antibody ®
Cat # A04966
Real IHC data
Anti-Transmembrane protein 107 TMEM107 Antibody
Cat # A04966-1
A04966 has IHC images from paraffin sections of human intestinal and lung cancer tissue (A04966 IHC captions). A04966-1 has IHC and IF images from human lymph node tissue (A04966-1 image captions).
Which to pick: For paraffin-section IHC, choose A04966 when a documented starting concentration is useful: its captions report 1 μg/mL in paraffin sections, while the fixative is unreported (A04966 IHC captions). For IF, choose A04966-1; its application list includes IF and its human lymph node IF caption reports 20 μg/mL, but ICC validation is unreported (A04966-1 catalog applications and IF caption). Neither SKU has documented cross-species reactivity; both list human only, and A04966 is identified as polyclonal while A04966-1 has no clonality stated (catalog reactivity and antibody details).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q6UX40 (TM107_HUMAN, Transmembrane protein 107).
- Human Protein Atlas. TMEM107 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. TMEM107 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Variation in transcript expression is not correlated to the cell cycle..
- Human Protein Atlas. TMEM107 antibody validation summary (1 antibodies).
- TMEM107 inhibits EMT and invasion of NSCLC through regulating the Hedgehog pathway. Thoracic cancer 2021 — PMC7779196.
- Role of ciliopathy protein TMEM107 in eye development: insights from a mouse model and retinal organoid. Life science alliance 2023 — PMC10589122.
- PubMed PMID:12975309 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16625196 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for TMEM107 (Transmembrane protein 107). Expected localisation Cytoplasmic in tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC); ciliary transition zone at the molecular level (UniProt). Antigen retrieval: Citrate pH 6 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A04966). Validated IHC antibody: A04966 at 0.5-1μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human intestinal cancer tissues; fixative not specified (datasheet A04966); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A04966); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: Citrate pH 6 , 20 min (datasheet A04966); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A04966); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-TMEM107, 0.5-1μg/ml (datasheet A04966); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A04966). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across paraffin sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Tissue staining awaits external verification (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: 4 isoforms; check epitope coverage and loop orientation (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation is not annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q6UX40, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA cell-line RNA · Variation in transcript expression is not correlated to the cell…, Datasheet A04966, PMC7779196. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/TMEM107/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.