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TRIM24 / Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for TRIM24
Plan chromogenic TRIM24 IHC in paraffin sections using the predominantly nuclear tissue pattern and high staining in thyroid glandular cells as reference points (HPA tissue IHC). The catalog antibody has a documented IHC-P example at 2 μg/mL; compare staining with appropriate tissue and negative controls (datasheet M03258-2; standard IHC practice).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
TRIM24 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Predominantly nuclear; cytoplasmic in some tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Thyroid glandular cells: high, mainly nuclear staining (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M03258-2) | |
| Positive control | Thyroid gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | DNA damage: ATM-driven degradation (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Long and Short isoforms; check epitope coverage (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended TRIM24 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol is accompanied by three published TRIM24 staining protocols for esophageal, ovarian and head and neck tissue (PMC5076458; PMC8805319; PMC3661592).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human adenocarcinoma of the colon tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M03258-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M03258-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M03258-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M03258-2) |
| Primary antibody | Mouse monoclonal (clone 4G6C2) anti-TRIM24, 2 μg/ml (datasheet M03258-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M03258-2) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M03258-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | TRIM24-positive staining in glandular cells of thyroid gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: General nuclear expression with additional cytoplasmic expression in several tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet M03258-2); the published protocols used citrate or Tris-EDTA retrieval (PMC5076458; PMC8805319; PMC3661592).
Section 2
What Is the Expected TRIM24 Staining Pattern?
TRIM24 is predominantly nuclear and has no transmembrane segment (UniProt O15164: localisation and topology). In paraffin IHC, expect nuclear staining in thyroid glandular cells and several other epithelial or trophoblastic populations; HPA also reports cytoplasmic expression in several tissues and ciliary-rootlet staining in fallopian tube cells (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA rates its tissue staining “Approved,” with medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA data (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Glandular nuclei stain strongly in thyroid; colon and duodenal glandular cells show moderate signal. | This fits the reported high thyroid and medium colon and duodenum staining (HPA: tissue IHC). Score the relevant cells and nuclear signal; a section-wide intensity judgment can hide differences among cell types (general IHC practice). |
| Cytoplasmic staining accompanies nuclear staining, or signal appears at fallopian tube ciliary rootlets. | Do not discard either pattern on compartment alone: HPA reports additional cytoplasmic expression in several tissues and medium staining at ciliary rootlets (HPA: tissue IHC). Predominantly nuclear localisation remains the starting expectation (UniProt O15164: localisation). |
| Staining is confined to an unexpected compartment, with little convincing nuclear signal. | Review tissue identity, morphology and controls before calling it TRIM24: predominantly nuclear localisation is reported by UniProt, while HPA allows tissue-dependent cytoplasmic staining (UniProt O15164: localisation; HPA: tissue IHC). A compartment mismatch alone cannot identify the artefact. |
| Cells reported as unstained show strong signal, especially if the same colour appears without primary antibody. | Treat this as possible nonspecific binding, cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity (general IHC practice). HPA reports adipocytes and heart cardiomyocytes as not detected, but those observations are cell-specific and do not make every cell in those tissues a negative control (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| The whole section has a diffuse haze, or thyroid glandular cells have no discernible signal. | A uniform haze is hard to assign to a cell compartment (general IHC practice). Absent thyroid signal conflicts with HPA's high glandular-cell observation (HPA: tissue IHC); assess tissue preservation and assay controls before interpreting the section as biologically negative (general IHC practice). |
💡Expected TRIM24 appearanceCall a result positive when the relevant glandular or epithelial cells show discernible, predominantly nuclear staining—high in thyroid glandular cells and medium in the listed colon, duodenum and squamous epithelia—while treating diffuse section-wide colour or staining detached from identifiable cells as suspect (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt O15164: localisation; general IHC practice).
| Tissue and cell choice | Thyroid glandular cells offer a high-staining reference; colon or duodenum glandular cells offer medium-staining comparisons (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA's low tissue RNA specificity does not imply identical staining in every cell type (HPA: tissue IHC RNA specificity and cell-level observations). |
| Compartment and biological context | UniProt describes TRIM24 as predominantly nuclear, with cytoplasmic and mitochondrial localisation and movement to mitochondria during antiviral immunity (UniProt O15164: localisation). HPA reports general nuclear tissue staining with additional cytoplasmic expression in several tissues (HPA: tissue IHC). Do not infer an antiviral state from a chromogenic pattern alone. |
| Antibody evidence | HPA043495 is IHC Approved, while its ICC rating is Enhanced; HPA061717 has ICC Enhanced and no listed IHC status (HPA: antibody validation). The tissue IHC profile has medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). These labels support a cautious comparison with the reported pattern, not guaranteed specificity in every specimen. |
| Protein forms and epitope knowledge | UniProt lists long and short isoforms, a full-length chain from residues 1–1050, and no signal peptide or propeptide (UniProt O15164: isoforms and processing). The supplied record does not place an antibody epitope, so it cannot predict which isoform either antibody detects or whether retrieval favours one form. |
| IF/ICC Q: What localisation should an IF image show? | A: HPA reports enhanced nucleoplasmic localisation and images from A-431, U-251MG, U2OS and Hep-G2; both listed antibodies have ICC Enhanced status (HPA: subcellular profile and antibody validation). Compare the fluorescent signal with a nuclear counterstain when interpreting location (general IF practice). This does not establish an IHC retrieval or dilution setting. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Thyroid glandular cells are unstained. | The result disagrees with HPA's high thyroid observation; tissue quality, staining setup or sample variation may be involved (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Confirm glandular-cell preservation and inspect the run's positive and negative controls; review the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions for retrieval and dilution before repeating (general IHC practice). No TRIM24-specific retrieval condition is supplied. |
| Only broad cytoplasmic colour is visible. | HPA allows cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, but UniProt calls TRIM24 predominantly nuclear; an exclusively broad pattern is therefore inconclusive (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt O15164: localisation). | Check cell boundaries and nuclear counterstain, then compare the tissue and cell type with HPA's recorded pattern and the no-primary control (general IHC practice). Avoid assigning the entire signal to TRIM24 from colour alone. |
| Adipocytes or cardiomyocytes stain strongly. | HPA reports TRIM24 as not detected in those named cells; nonspecific primary binding or endogenous chromogen activity is possible (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control and inspect whether colour follows cell morphology; review blocking and, for enzyme-based detection, the appropriate endogenous-enzyme control (general IHC practice). |
| Diffuse background obscures nuclei. | Excess reagent or incomplete washing can raise background in chromogenic IHC (general IHC practice); the supplied HPA and UniProt records do not identify a TRIM24-specific background mechanism. | Check the no-primary control, wash quality, blocking and the catalog antibody's recommended dilution; reassess compartment localisation only after the background is controlled (general IHC practice). |
| Fallopian tube ciliary rootlets stain, but nuclei are faint. | HPA records medium ciliary-rootlet staining in fallopian tube cells alongside its broader nuclear tissue profile (HPA: tissue IHC). The supplied evidence does not determine why an individual section differs. | Record rootlet and nuclear compartments separately, verify ciliated-cell morphology and compare controls; avoid treating the rootlet pattern alone as proof of a failed or successful run (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| IF shows nucleoplasmic signal but the IHC slide is negative. | HPA's ICC Enhanced rating and IHC Approved rating describe different applications and do not establish equivalent performance in a given specimen (HPA: antibody validation). | Interpret each assay with its own controls; for IHC, check the catalog antibody's IHC-P instructions and a suitable positive tissue, such as thyroid glandular cells (general IHC practice; HPA: high in thyroid glandular cells). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing TRIM24 staining
M03258-2 · IHCIHC analysis of TRIM24 using anti-TRIM24 antibody (M03258-2). TRIM24 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human adenocarcinoma of
M03258-2 · IHCIHC analysis of TRIM24 using anti-TRIM24 antibody (M03258-2). TRIM24 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human thyroid cancer tis
M03258-2 · IFIF analysis of TRIM24 using anti-TRIM24 antibody (M03258-2). TRIM24 was detected in an immunocytochemical section of MCF-7 cells. Enzyme ant
A03258 · IFImmunocytochemistry of TRIM24 in EL4 cells with TRIM24 antibody at 2.5 μg/ml.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000122779-TRIM24/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_11916695
HPA · Thyroid glandHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Thyroid gland. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000122779-TRIM24/tissue/thyroid+gland#imid_11916639
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000122779-TRIM24/tissue/colon#imid_11916605
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000122779-TRIM24/tissue/liver#imid_11916622
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA043495; green = TRIM24, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA043495; green = TRIM24, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for TRIM24 IHC & IF
🧪Run thyroid gland first; glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in thyroid glandular cells). Use adipose tissue adipocytes as a negative comparator (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes); on the thyroid slide, compare with unstained neighboring cells, but do not assign a specific internal negative cell type because the supplied HPA row identifies only glandular cells (HPA: thyroid glandular cells High).
Positive control tissue: Thyroid gland (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show TRIM24 in A-431, U-251MG, U2OS, Hep-G2, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (enhanced) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) control, a concentration- and subclass-matched mouse IgG isotype control (caption: mouse primary antibody), and TRIM24 knockout material, if available, as a biological negative. Quench endogenous peroxidase and inspect thyroid colloid for background signal (caption: HRP/DAB detection; HPA: thyroid glandular cells High).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is unreported in the supplied evidence, and the selected M03258-2 paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (caption: fixative not stated). Begin retrieval optimization with heat-mediated EDTA at pH 8.0, as used in that IHC example (caption: EDTA pH 8.0). The supplied evidence does not establish whether frozen sections or IF are easier; assess thyroid colloid staining against the no-primary control (caption: HRP/DAB detection; HPA: thyroid glandular cells High).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for TRIM24
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thyroid gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Duodenum | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Esophagus | Squamous epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Fallopian tube | Ciliated cells (ciliary rootlets) | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Endothelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced TRIM24 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot TRIM24 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, nuclear localisation, controls and scoring before interpreting biological differences.
Which retrieval condition should I try first for weak TRIM24 staining?
Start with heat-mediated antigen retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin-section TRIM24 IHC (datasheet M03258-2). Keep heating and cooling conditions consistent across sections while comparing nuclear signal and tissue preservation (standard IHC practice). The selected tissue image used 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C; retain that exposure while assessing retrieval (caption M03258-2). If staining remains weak, test an alternative retrieval buffer on adjacent sections as a fallback, with the same detection conditions (standard IHC practice). Compare glandular-cell staining against the reported thyroid and colon patterns, while treating tissue damage or diffuse staining as reasons to reject a condition (HPA tissue IHC: High; Medium).
How should I troubleshoot fixation when TRIM24 nuclear staining varies between blocks?
TRIM24-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown because the selected paraffin-section caption does not report its fixative (caption M03258-2). Record the fixative, time in fixative, processing schedule and section age for each block before comparing staining (standard IHC practice). Run blocks with comparable handling together, using the same EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and detection conditions (datasheet M03258-2; standard IHC practice). If nuclear staining varies, repeat adjacent sections and assess morphology and control staining before attributing the difference to TRIM24 abundance (standard IHC practice). Neither the tissue staining profile nor the protein record establishes a target-specific fixation effect (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O15164).
Should cytoplasmic TRIM24 staining count when nuclear staining is weak?
Expect predominantly nuclear TRIM24, with nucleoplasmic enrichment reported by subcellular imaging (UniProt O15164; HPA subcellular). Additional cytoplasmic expression occurs in several tissues, so assess nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments separately rather than pooling their scores (HPA tissue IHC). Examine intact cells at high magnification and compare signal with a nuclear counterstain; diffuse colour over empty spaces or damaged tissue is suspect (standard IHC practice). Cytoplasmic or mitochondrial localisation can occur in specific biological contexts, including translocation during antiviral immunity, but routine chromogenic staining alone does not establish that mechanism (UniProt O15164). Repeat an unexpected pattern with an orthogonal antibody or independent assay before reporting compartment redistribution (standard IHC practice).
Could an isoform or inaccessible epitope explain discordant TRIM24 staining?
TRIM24 has Long and Short isoforms, but the supplied antibody caption does not identify the epitope recognised by M03258-2 (UniProt O15164; caption M03258-2). Check the antibody's documented immunogen or epitope before claiming that a negative section lacks both isoforms (standard IHC practice). The protein contains a bromodomain at residues 899–1004 and has annotated modified residues, which makes epitope position relevant to assay interpretation (UniProt O15164). Neither the domain nor those modifications establish that this antibody's staining changes with isoform or modification state (UniProt O15164; caption M03258-2). If results conflict with another assay, compare epitope coverage and test adjacent sections under matched retrieval conditions (standard IHC practice).
How can I use IF to check an ambiguous chromogenic TRIM24 pattern?
Use IF as a separate localisation check and compare its TRIM24 channel with a nuclear counterstain, since nucleoplasmic enrichment is reported (HPA subcellular). Multiplex with a marker for the expected cell type; choose the marker from the specimen's established identity, such as glandular cells when examining colon (HPA tissue IHC: Colon glandular cells Medium). Select fluorophores after checking the section's autofluorescence, and include single-channel controls to assess bleed-through (standard IF practice). TRIM24 has no transmembrane segment and is predominantly nuclear, so permeabilisation must allow antibody access to the intracellular epitope; its exact position for this antibody is unreported (UniProt O15164; caption M03258-2). Optimise IF fixation and permeabilisation independently because the paraffin-section caption provides no IF conditions (caption M03258-2).
What causes widespread brown staining that obscures TRIM24-positive nuclei?
First compare a no-primary control with the stained section to identify signal from the detection system or endogenous activity (standard IHC practice). The selected tissue image used a peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody and DAB chromogen, making an endogenous peroxidase block a relevant general workflow check (caption M03258-2; standard IHC practice). Check whether blocking and washes are adequate; the caption reports 10% goat serum blocking and a 30-minute secondary incubation at 37°C (caption M03258-2). Titrate primary antibody around the reported 2 μg/ml condition if background persists, keeping retrieval and development time matched (caption M03258-2; standard IHC practice). Treat broad colour without resolvable nuclei as background until controls support a cellular pattern (standard IHC practice).
How should I score TRIM24 when nuclear and cytoplasmic signals differ? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, because TRIM24 is predominantly nuclear but additional cytoplasmic expression is reported (UniProt O15164; HPA tissue IHC). For nuclear staining, record the percentage of positive cells and intensity, then calculate an H-score using 0–3 intensity categories if that is the study's prespecified scheme (standard IHC practice). Report cytoplasmic staining separately, with positive-cell percentage or density per mm² of viable tissue where appropriate (standard IHC practice). Normalise counts to the number of eligible cells or the measured viable area, and apply one threshold across comparable sections (standard IHC practice). Exclude folds, edges and necrosis by a documented rule before comparing specimens (standard IHC practice).
How do I distinguish genuine TRIM24 staining from tissue and detection artefacts?
Give greatest weight to staining resolved within intact nuclei, consistent with predominantly nuclear TRIM24 and reported nucleoplasmic enrichment (UniProt O15164; HPA subcellular). Check whether labelled cells fit the specimen: colon glandular cells show Medium staining, whereas adipocytes are reported as Not detected in the HPA tissue profile (HPA tissue IHC). A positive rim at a section edge, colour over necrosis or diffuse staining outside cell boundaries should prompt review of processing and detection controls (standard IHC practice). Use a no-primary control to investigate endogenous enzyme or reagent signal in the DAB workflow (caption M03258-2; standard IHC practice). Interpret isolated cytoplasmic signal cautiously, since cytoplasmic expression is reported but chromogenic staining alone cannot establish its biological cause (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt O15164).
Boster reagents
Best TRIM24 / Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha IHC Antibodies
Validated anti-TRIM24 antibodies have real IHC data from human paraffin sections (M03258-2 image captions) and IF/ICC data from EL4 cells (A03258 image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-TRIM24 Antibody ® (monoclonal, 4G6C2)
Cat # M03258-2
Real IF data
Anti-TRIM24 Antibody
Cat # A03258
M03258-2 has IHC images from human paraffin sections of colon adenocarcinoma, thyroid cancer, ovarian serous tumor, and breast cancer, plus IF data from MCF-7 cells (M03258-2 image captions). A03258 has ICC and IF data from EL4 cells; its listed reactivity includes human, mouse, and rat (A03258 image captions; catalog reactivity).
Which to pick: Choose mouse monoclonal M03258-2 for human tissue IHC: its images document paraffin sections and 2 μg/ml primary antibody after EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (M03258-2 image captions); the fixative is unreported (M03258-2 image captions). For IF/ICC, A03258 has EL4 cell images, while M03258-2 has an MCF-7 cell IF image (A03258 and M03258-2 image captions). For work involving more than one species, consider rabbit A03258 because its listed reactivity covers human, mouse, and rat, but its supplied IF/ICC images document EL4 cells only (A03258 catalog reactivity; A03258 image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O15164 (TIF1A_HUMAN, Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha).
- Human Protein Atlas. TRIM24 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. TRIM24 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. TRIM24 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Clinical significance and prognostic value of TRIM24 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Aging 2016 — PMC5076458.
- Trim24 prompts tumor progression via inducing EMT in renal cell carcinoma. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 2020 — PMC7718642.
- High expression of TRIM24 predicts worse prognosis and promotes proliferation and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Journal of ovarian research 2022 — PMC8805319.
- TRIM24 overexpression is common in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and correlates with aggressive malignant phenotypes. PloS one 2013 — PMC3661592.
- PubMed PMID:9115274 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10022127 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:14702039 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for TRIM24 (Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha). Expected localisation Predominantly nuclear; cytoplasmic in some tissues (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M03258-2). Validated IHC antibody: M03258-2 at 2 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Thyroid gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human adenocarcinoma of the colon tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M03258-2); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M03258-2); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M03258-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M03258-2); 8. Primary antibody: Mouse monoclonal (clone 4G6C2) anti-TRIM24, 2 μg/ml (datasheet M03258-2); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M03258-2). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Staining and RNA show medium consistency (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: Long and Short isoforms; check epitope coverage (UniProt); Regulation: DNA damage: ATM-driven degradation (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt O15164, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · nucleoplasm., Datasheet M03258-2, PMC5076458, PMC8805319. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/TRIM24/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.