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ANXA10 / Annexin A10 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for ANXA10
Plan ANXA10 chromogenic IHC in paraffin sections using stomach glandular cells as a positive reference and nuclear staining as the expected pattern (HPA tissue IHC). This guide covers fixation, controls, antibody concentration, and interpretation of staining that differs by tissue.
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
ANXA10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear in stomach and bladder (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Stomach glandular and bladder urothelial nuclei stain (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A13560-1) | |
| Positive control | Stomach+1 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A13560-1) | |
| Caveat | Tumor staining may differ from normal tissue (HPA tissue IHC; datasheet A13560-1) | |
| Regulation | No expression regulator annotated (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 0 annotated isoforms; no processing; epitope site unknown (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended ANXA10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody protocol uses EDTA retrieval (datasheet: A13560-1); the four published protocols below report ANXA10 staining in gastric, head and neck, ovarian, and esophageal cancer tissues (PMC7642482; PMC6406441; PMC6686714; PMC6850125).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human appendiceal adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A13560-1) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A13560-1); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A13560-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A13560-1) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-ANXA10, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A13560-1) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A13560-1) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A13560-1) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | ANXA10-positive staining in glandular cells of stomach (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Distinct nuclear expression in stomach and urinary bladder. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA, pH 8.0, for the catalog antibody (datasheet: A13560-1). Published retrieval conditions are antibody-specific starting points (PMC7642482; PMC6406441; PMC6686714).
Section 2
What Is the Expected ANXA10 Staining Pattern?
ANXA10 shows distinct nuclear staining in stomach glandular cells and urinary bladder urothelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). Stomach glandular staining is high; urothelial staining is medium (HPA tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue pattern Enhanced for consistency with RNA data, pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC). UniProt reports no transmembrane segment and does not annotate a subcellular location (UniProt Q9UJ72 topology and subcellular record).
| Distinct nuclear staining in stomach glandular cells, with limited staining outside those cells. | This is the strongest supplied tissue benchmark: glandular staining is high, and HPA describes distinct nuclear expression in stomach (HPA tissue IHC). Assess nuclear signal in the identified glandular cells rather than judging the section solely by its overall color (standard IHC practice). |
| Distinct nuclear staining in urinary bladder urothelial cells, weaker than the stomach control. | A medium urothelial signal fits the reported pattern; the stomach glandular signal is high (HPA tissue IHC). Compare the correct cell compartment and cell type across sections before treating the intensity difference as a failed stain (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| Predominantly cytoplasmic staining in stomach glandular cells, without convincing nuclear staining. | That distribution conflicts with the distinct nuclear tissue pattern and warrants an artefact check (HPA tissue IHC). ICC-IF also places ANXA10 mainly in nucleoplasm and nucleoli, with additional vesicular localization; it does not establish that diffuse cytoplasmic chromogen is a correct IHC result (HPA subcellular ICC-IF). |
| Strong staining in adipocytes or other listed cells where ANXA10 was not detected. | For adipocytes in adipose tissue, this conflicts with the HPA tissue observation (HPA tissue IHC). Consider antibody cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity and inspect a matched negative control; an isolated unexpected stain does not establish ANXA10 expression there (standard IHC practice). |
| Diffuse section-wide color, or no signal in stomach glandular cells. | Diffuse color obscures whether nuclei in the expected cells are positive; review background and detection controls (standard IHC practice). A blank stomach glandular compartment conflicts with the reported high staining but cannot, on its own, distinguish a technical failure from sample variation (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
💡Expected ANXA10 appearanceCall a section positive when stomach glandular nuclei show distinct, high staining, or bladder urothelial nuclei show distinct, medium staining; diffuse color or strong staining in HPA-negative cells is suspect (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice).
| Tissue and cell selection | Stomach glandular cells provide the high-signal benchmark; bladder urothelial cells provide a medium-signal comparison (HPA tissue IHC). Adipocytes in adipose tissue are a listed negative observation, so interpret controls at the stated cell-type level (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Compartment evidence: does ICC-IF specify the IHC result? | No. ICC-IF places ANXA10 mainly in nucleoplasm and nucleoli, with additional vesicles; tissue IHC reports distinct nuclear staining (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; HPA tissue IHC). Use the nuclear tissue pattern to judge chromogenic IHC; ICC-IF has its own guide (HPA tissue IHC). |
| Topology and protein forms | UniProt reports no transmembrane segment, signal peptide, propeptide, annotated isoforms, glycosylation sites or modified residues; its listed chain spans residues 1–324 (UniProt Q9UJ72). These annotations do not identify the antibody epitope or establish a retrieval or fixation response. |
| Strength of tissue evidence | HPA rates the tissue staining Enhanced, citing consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data while noting pending external verification (HPA tissue IHC). Both listed antibodies have Enhanced IHC status; only HPA005469 also has Approved ICC status (HPA antibodies). Neither status proves every unexpected specimen signal is specific. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Stomach glandular nuclei are blank. | The result conflicts with the reported high glandular signal; the slide alone does not identify the cause (HPA tissue IHC). | Check tissue identity, antibody application, antigen-retrieval and detection records, then repeat alongside an appropriate control (standard IHC practice). No ANXA10-specific retrieval or fixation sensitivity is supplied. |
| Color is diffuse across the section. | Nonspecific background or endogenous detection activity can obscure the expected nuclear pattern (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). | Review blocking and detection controls, antibody dilution and wash conditions; score only interpretable glandular or urothelial nuclei (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Stomach staining is strong but mainly cytoplasmic. | The compartment differs from the distinct nuclear tissue pattern; ICC-IF reports only additional vesicular localization (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). | Inspect counterstained nuclei and control sections, then reassess antibody and detection background before calling the signal ANXA10-positive (standard IHC practice). |
| Adipose-tissue adipocytes stain strongly. | HPA lists these cells as not detected; cross-reactivity or endogenous activity is a possible explanation (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Compare with a matched negative detection control and the stomach glandular positive control before interpreting the unexpected signal (standard IHC practice; HPA tissue IHC). |
| Bladder urothelial staining is faint while stomach is clear. | HPA reports medium staining in urothelial cells versus high staining in stomach glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC). | Assess whether urothelial nuclei retain a distinct signal before changing conditions; compare cell-specific staining under the same scoring criteria (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| An ICC-IF image shows vesicles, but the IHC section appears nuclear. | HPA reports additional vesicular localization in ICC-IF and distinct nuclear expression in tissue IHC (HPA subcellular ICC-IF; HPA tissue IHC). | Judge the paraffin-section IHC result against the nuclear tissue pattern; use the separate ICC-IF guide for fluorescence-specific interpretation (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular ICC-IF). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing ANXA10 staining
A13560-1 · IHCIHC analysis of Annexin A10/ANXA10 using anti-Annexin A10/ANXA10 antibody (A13560-1). Annexin A10/ANXA10 was detected in a paraffin-embedded
A13560-1 · IHCIHC analysis of Annexin A10/ANXA10 using anti-Annexin A10/ANXA10 antibody (A13560-1). Annexin A10/ANXA10 was detected in a paraffin-embedded
A13560-1 · IFIF analysis of Annexin A10/ANXA10 using anti-Annexin A10/ANXA10 antibody (A13560-1). Annexin A10/ANXA10 was detected in a paraffin-embedded
PA2077 · IHCAnti-Annexin A10 antibody, PA2077, IHC(P) IHC(P): Human Lung Cancer Tissue
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000109511-ANXA10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_17589835
HPA · StomachHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Stomach. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000109511-ANXA10/tissue/stomach+1#imid_17589743
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000109511-ANXA10/tissue/colon#imid_17589753
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000109511-ANXA10/tissue/liver#imid_17589770
HPA · ICC-IF RT-4Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, RT-4, antibody HPA005469; green = ANXA10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF RT-4Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, RT-4, antibody HPA005469; green = ANXA10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for ANXA10 IHC & IF
🧪Run stomach first: glandular cells should stain (HPA: High in stomach glandular cells). Use adrenal gland glandular cells as the negative tissue (HPA: Not detected); on the stomach slide, assess adjacent nonglandular cells as an internal background reference rather than assuming they are validated negatives.
Positive control tissue: Stomach (Glandular cells, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show ANXA10 in RT-4, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nucleoplasm (approved), Nucleoli (approved) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary (secondary-only) control, a concentration-matched rabbit isotype control, and a knockout tissue or antigen-peptide block if available (standard IHC practice; selected caption: rabbit primary antibody). Block endogenous peroxidase for HRP/DAB detection and check the stomach section for background in mucus or luminal material (selected caption: HRP/DAB detection; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the selected A13560-1 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (selected caption: fixative unreported). The caption reports heat-mediated EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0; use that as an IHC starting condition, while treating retrieval dependence as unestablished (selected caption: EDTA retrieval). There is no supplied evidence that frozen sections or IF are easier; for stomach IHC, score glandular cells separately from any luminal background (HPA: High in stomach glandular cells; standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for ANXA10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — High consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data. Pending external verification.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stomach | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Urinary bladder | Urothelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Endocrine cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced ANXA10 IHC Tips
Troubleshoot ANXA10 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, cell type, controls, and scoring before interpreting DAB signal.
Which retrieval condition should I start with for ANXA10 IHC?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for paraffin sections (datasheet A13560-1). The selected antibody produced ANXA10 staining in human appendiceal adenocarcinoma after that retrieval, followed by 2 μg/ml primary antibody overnight at 4°C (datasheet A13560-1). If staining is weak, verify the heater’s temperature and retrieval time against your laboratory’s validated settings before testing a different buffer as a fallback (standard IHC practice). Compare every change on adjacent sections with the same positive control and detection conditions; expected nuclear staining in stomach glandular cells provides a useful reference (HPA tissue IHC).
How should I assess whether fixation is affecting ANXA10 staining?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected tissue caption calls the section paraffin embedded but does not state its fixative (datasheet A13560-1). Record the fixative, fixation duration, section age, and processing history for each specimen, then compare sections processed together using the same retrieval and detection run (standard IHC practice). A weak result cannot be attributed to fixation from the HPA expression pattern or ANXA10 sequence features alone (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt Q9UJ72). If fixation histories differ, include a documented positive control and change one processing variable at a time before interpreting a negative stain (standard IHC practice).
Where should convincing ANXA10 signal appear in a paraffin section?
Prioritize distinct nuclear staining in stomach glandular cells and urinary bladder urothelial cells when assessing tissue IHC (HPA tissue IHC). The subcellular reference places ANXA10 mainly in nucleoplasm and nucleoli, with additional vesicular localisation; UniProt does not annotate a subcellular location (HPA subcellular; UniProt Q9UJ72). Examine nuclear detail alongside the counterstain, and record any cytoplasmic or punctate signal separately from nuclear positivity rather than combining compartments into one score (standard IHC practice; HPA subcellular). Because ANXA10 has no annotated transmembrane segment, a crisp membrane-only pattern needs independent corroboration before attribution to this target (UniProt Q9UJ72 topology).
Could ANXA10 isoforms or epitope accessibility explain discordant staining?
The supplied record lists a single 1–324 chain and no annotated isoforms, glycosylation sites, or modified residues; it does not locate this antibody’s epitope (UniProt Q9UJ72). Therefore, do not assign a staining difference to a particular splice form, modification, or epitope without antibody mapping evidence (UniProt Q9UJ72). Compare adjacent sections under the documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval condition and hold antibody concentration and detection constant while investigating accessibility (datasheet A13560-1; standard IHC practice). If a second antibody is available, establish its documented epitope and IHC validation before using agreement or disagreement as evidence about ANXA10 (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help resolve an ambiguous ANXA10 IHC pattern?
Use IF as a separate localisation check: multiplex ANXA10 with a marker identifying the expected glandular or urothelial cells, and compare nuclear signal with the chromogenic section (HPA tissue IHC; standard IF practice). HPA reports nucleoplasmic and nucleolar signal, additional vesicles, and ICC/IF images from RT-4 and U2OS cells; those observations do not establish IF performance for catalog antibody A13560-1 (HPA subcellular; datasheet A13560-1). Select fluorophores after inspecting unstained tissue autofluorescence, and use single-stain controls to assess bleed-through (standard IF practice). For intracellular nuclear or vesicular epitopes, optimize permeabilisation after fixation while checking that cell structure remains intact (HPA subcellular; standard IF practice).
How do I distinguish ANXA10 staining from chromogenic background?
Include a no-primary control and inspect adjacent sections for diffuse DAB deposition, edge staining, pigment, and staining in damaged tissue (standard IHC practice). Block endogenous peroxidase and use an appropriate serum or protein block; the selected caption specifies 10% goat serum before primary antibody and peroxidase-based DAB detection (datasheet A13560-1; standard IHC practice). If background rises, check wash steps and detection exposure while holding the documented 2 μg/ml primary condition as a reference (datasheet A13560-1; standard IHC practice). Compare background with expected nuclear staining in stomach glandular cells, recording compartment and cell identity before calling a section positive (HPA tissue IHC).
What should I score when comparing ANXA10 IHC across sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the eligible cell population and score nuclear ANXA10 separately from vesicular or nonspecific signal, since tissue IHC reports distinct nuclear expression (HPA tissue IHC; HPA subcellular). For comparable epithelial regions, report the percentage of positive eligible cells and, when intensity is reproducible, an H-score calculated from intensity categories (standard IHC practice). If measuring positive-cell density per mm², normalize to the analyzed viable tissue area and report the counted cell population (standard IHC practice). Apply one threshold, counterstain assessment, and exclusion rule across sections; include run controls so differences in retrieval or DAB development do not masquerade as expression changes (standard IHC practice).
When should an apparent ANXA10-positive result be questioned?
A convincing result should place nuclear signal in an appropriate cell population, such as stomach glandular cells or urinary bladder urothelial cells (HPA tissue IHC). Question membrane-only staining, staining restricted to section edges or necrosis, and deposits that also appear without primary antibody (UniProt Q9UJ72 topology; standard IHC practice). Check endogenous peroxidase activity with the no-primary control before attributing DAB to ANXA10, particularly when the signal lacks the expected nuclear pattern (HPA tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). Normal appendix endocrine cells are reported as undetected, while the selected image shows appendiceal adenocarcinoma; keep those cell and specimen contexts distinct (HPA tissue IHC; datasheet A13560-1).
Boster reagents
Best ANXA10 / Annexin A10 IHC Antibodies
Two human-reactive anti-ANXA10 antibodies have IHC images from human tissues (catalog IHC captions); A13560-1 also has a human placenta IF image (catalog IF caption).
Real IHC data
Anti-Annexin A10/ANXA10 Antibody ®
Cat # A13560-1
Real IHC data
Anti-Annexin A10/ANXA10 Antibody ®
Cat # PA2077
A13560-1 has paraffin-section IHC images from human appendiceal adenocarcinoma, thyroid cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and placenta, plus a paraffin-section IF image from human placenta (A13560-1 image captions). PA2077 has an IHC(P) image from human lung cancer tissue and lists human and rat reactivity (PA2077 IHC caption; catalog reactivity).
Which to pick: For human paraffin-section IHC, choose A13560-1 if its documented retrieval and detection conditions are useful; PA2077 is another IHC(P) option with a human lung cancer image (A13560-1 and PA2077 IHC captions). For IF, choose A13560-1; its IF image shows human placenta, while ICC validation is unreported (A13560-1 IF caption; catalog applications). For rat IHC, PA2077 lists rat reactivity, although its IHC image shows human tissue; neither IHC caption reports the fixative (catalog reactivity; PA2077 and A13560-1 IHC captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry Q9UJ72 (ANX10_HUMAN, Annexin A10).
- Human Protein Atlas. ANXA10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Enhanced).
- Human Protein Atlas. ANXA10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm and nucleoli. In addition localized to vesicles..
- Human Protein Atlas. ANXA10 antibody validation summary (2 antibodies).
- Loss of Annexin A10 Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Early Gastric Cancer. Acta histochemica et cytochemica 2020 — PMC7642482.
- Frequent Alteration of Annexin A9 and A10 in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Correlation with the Histopathological Differentiation Grade. Journal of clinical medicine 2019 — PMC6406441.
- Prognostic Significance of Increased Expression of Annexin A10 (ANXA10) in Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 2019 — PMC6686714.
- ANXA10 induction by interaction with tumor-associated macrophages promotes the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathology international 2019 — PMC6850125.
- PubMed PMID:10458909 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:15489334 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for ANXA10 (Annexin A10). Expected localisation Nuclear in stomach and bladder (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A13560-1). Validated IHC antibody: A13560-1 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Stomach (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human appendiceal adenocarcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A13560-1); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A13560-1); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A13560-1); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet A13560-1); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-ANXA10, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet A13560-1); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A13560-1). Watch for: Fixation: Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A13560-1); Caveat: Tumor staining may differ from normal tissue (HPA tissue IHC; datasheet A13560-1); Isoform / epitope: 0 annotated isoforms; no processing; epitope site unknown (UniProt); Regulation: No expression regulator annotated (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt Q9UJ72, HPA tissue IHC · Enhanced, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm and nucleoli. In addition…, Datasheet A13560-1, PMC7642482, PMC6406441. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ANXA10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.