APEX1 Antibodies

DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (APEX1)

Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors.

Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease from the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the harm, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	APEX1
Uniprot:	P27695
Entrez:	328

Family

Belongs to:
DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family

Alternative Names

AP endonuclease 1; APE; APE1; APE-1; APEAPEX nuclease (multifunctional DNA repair enzyme); APENAP endonuclease class I; APEX deoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); APEX nuclease (multifunctional DNA repair enzyme) 1; APEX nuclease; APEX1; Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1; APXAP lyase; DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; EC 3.1; EC 4.2.99.18; HAP1apurinic/apyrimidinic (abasic) endonuclease; multifunctional DNA repair enzyme; protein REF-1; redox factor 1; Redox factor-1; REF1 apurinic/apyrimidinic exonuclease; REF-1

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
35.555 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	14q11.2
Sequence:	14; NC_000014.9 (20455226..20457767)

Subcellular Localizations

Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus speckle. Endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasm. Detected in the cytoplasm of B-cells stimulated to switch (By similarity). Colocalized with SIRT1 in the nucleus. Colocalized with YBX1 in nuclear speckles after genotoxic stress. Together with OGG1 is recruited to nuclear speckles in UVA-irradiated cells. Colocalized with nucleolin and NPM1 in the nucleolus. Its nucleolar localization is cell cycle dependent and requires active rRNA transcription. Colocalized with calreticulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. Translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is stimula

Diseases

• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Carcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasm Of Lung
• Lung Neoplasms
• Carcinogenesis
• Adenocarcinoma
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Leukemia
• Inflammation
• Mammary Neoplasms
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
• Hypoxia

• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
• Pancreatic Neoplasm
• Ischemia
• Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Hiv Infections
• Colorectal Cancer

Interacting Proteins

• EP300
• Rnf4
• SIRT1

Pathways

• Dna Repair
• Localization
• Cell Death
• Pathogenesis
• Cell Cycle
• Cell Proliferation
• Cell Growth
• Aging
• Response To Oxidative Stress
• Base-excision Repair
• Cell Killing
• Dna Replication
• Hypersensitivity

• Angiogenesis
• Rna Interference
• Secretion
• Sensitization
• Reverse Transcription
• Mismatch Repair
• Translation

PTMs

• Cleavage
• Phosphorylation
• Reduction
• Oxidation
• Acetylation
• Deamination
• Ubiquitination
• Methylation
• Glutathionylation
• Demethylation

• Sumoylation
• Nitrosylation
• Phosphorothioation
• Dephosphorylation
• Prenylation
• Nitration
• Farnesylation
• Deacetylation
• Geranylgeranylation
• Deglycosylation

Research Areas

• Autophagy
• Base Excision Repair
• Cancer
• Core ESC-Like Genes
• DNA Repair

• Stem Cell Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/APEX1

Best Uses Of The APEX1 Marker

If you're looking to learn what the most effective uses for the APEX1 marker are, you should go through this article. This marker is an RNA binding protein and DNA-binding protein that is involved in processing miRNA. In this article, you will learn how you can use it in ELISA and IHC. It is universally useful and can be utilized by any scientist in the world.

YBX1 could be used to bind DNA and RNA.

YBX1 is a member of the RBP family with cold-shock domains. It is present in embryonic tissues as well as the epidermis in adult organisms. YBX1 plays a role in controlling overall protein synthesis and translation as well as cell growth. Among other things, it promotes the translation of cancer stem cell factors and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins. YBX1 is also involved in tumor metastasis and cellular growth.

The YBX1 protein is part of the YBX family. It consists of three functional domains. It plays a key role in RNA dynamics , and is involved in a variety of human cancers as an oncoprotein. Despite these roles, the exact role of YBX1 in NPC remains elusive.

The YBX1 protein that binds to RNAs has been identified to interact with mRNAs of the genes it targets. Moreover, YBX1 immunoprecipitates from UV-irradiated human keratinocytes as primary. In addition, YBX1 immunoprecipitates were used to determine the amount of target transcripts. The binding of YBX1 with its own mature transcript is a positive test and the negative control is mitochondrial encoded mRNA.

YBX1 regulates the translation of certain cytokines. By binding to these cytokines YBX1 protects proliferating epidermal progenitors from replicative senescence. This means that it may play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the tissue. YBX1 is an important regulator of epidermal stem cell behavior.

It is involved in miRNA processing

The RNA molecules known as miRNAs are non-coding, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes in cells. They are created by processing host introns, and then transcription using specific promoters. The nuclear RNase III, called Drosha can cleave pri-miRNAs to form mature miRNAs. Drosha is part of the microprocessor group and interacts with miRNAs of target by cutting their 5 3' and 5' ends.

The shape and size of miRNA molecules are a major factor in biogenesis of miRNA. Because miRNAs are tiny molecules, their proportions can vary widely between cells. The process of processing miRNAs involves the splitting of two distinct strands based on their thermodynamic stability and 5'U at nucleotide position 1. The guide strand can be referred to the guide strand. On the other hand, the unloaded strand is called the passenger strand. Both strands are unwound by different mechanisms that are based on complementarity.

In this study, 5 mg of totalRNA was used to isolate miRNAs. Synthetic pre-labeling control RNAs (Dharmacon, Lafayette, CO) were used to label miRNAs. These oligos then were bonded to carboxylated xMAP bead in formats of 96 wells. After the conjugation process, the oligo-bead mixture was mixed with 1.5x TMAC buffer (4.5 M tetramethylammonium chloride, 0.15 sarkosyl), and the resultant sample was analyzed for miRNA expression.

Extracellular miRNAs are a biomarker of disease and play a crucial role in intercellular communication. The secreted miRNAs regulate host cell activity, and target cells of the recipient with diverse functions. They can interact with cell surface receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, to exert hormone-like activities. However, the majority of these studies were conducted in co-cultures of different types of cells. Therefore, more studies in vivo are required to determine the specific targets of miRNA.

It is used in ELISA

Boster Bio APEX1 is a monoclonal antibody that includes the Recombinant Human APE1 gene. It reacts with human antigens and is kept for one year at -20°C. This antibody is composed of Trehalose and Na2HPO4 as well as boster bio-recombinant Human APE1 Protein.

ELISAs are plate-based tests that detect antibodies, proteins, peptides or hormones. They work by transferring the antigen that is targeted onto the surface of a solid, and then conjugating it to an antibody that is linked to an enzyme. The conjugated enzyme is put into a reaction with a substrate like a protein sample. The highly specific interaction between antibody and antigen is the most important element of the detection strategy.

It is possible to use it in IHC

APEX1, also known by apurinic endingonuclease is a reversible nucleotide Redox enzyme. This protein regulates the affinity for DNA binding and transcriptional activity transcription factors. It is a binding protein for Lys-6 and Lys-7 nCaREs as well as acetylates Lys-6 or Lys-7. In addition, it regulates the metabolism of single strand the RNA molecules.

The antibody is monoclonal. It is conjugated to DyLight(r), 488. This reagent can be used for immunohistochemistry. APEX1 is a membrane-impermeable protein found on human cells. In addition, the antibody is able to interact with other proteins of the cell as well as RNA. Boster Bio APEX1 is utilized in IHC.

Anti-APEX1 antibody was isolated from rabbit IgG. After purification the antibody was then incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C in the presence of DAPI. The next step was to counterstain the sections with DAPI. This procedure is repeatable. After the results are obtained, the antibody is compatible with the IHC technique and is safe for repeated use.

It can also be used in cancer research

Bioinformatics analyses were used to identify inter-acting proteins with the APEX1 gene. The results revealed that there are more than 100 possible direct or indirect binding partners for the APEX1 gene. These interactions were linked to additional biological and cancer databases. This study has significant implications for cancer research, since it can be used to create new biomarkers to predict the risk of certain cancers.

Researchers have created an animal model to study the role of APEX1 in colon cancer metastasis. The mice were then given DLD1 or SW480-RFP cells. The cells were then studied for the expression of RFP. In addition, the researchers carried out histological examinations of lung tissue sections in order to identify the presence of RFP.

Researchers have demonstrated that APEX1 is a regulator of colon cancer cells with a tumorigenic behaviour. Knockdown of APEX1 blocks the proliferation of cells and colony formation in both DLD1 and normal LO2 cells. APEX1-shRNA knockdowns inhibit the activity of MYC and CCNB1 which could be a therapeutic target for NSCLC.

APEX1 is believed to be a cytotoxic protein that is found in cancer cells. By blocking the APEX1 gene it could aid in cancer research. In addition the APEX1 gene has been expressed in many cancerous tumors in mice and rats. This gene is crucial for the development of effective cancer treatments. It can be altered in cancer cells. For example, in some breast cancer cells, APEX1 expression is linked to a higher risk of metastatic disease.

APEX1 expression is associated with Jagged1 activity. In colon cancer cells, APEX1 overexpression increased Notch activity. APEX1 knockdown decreased Jagged1/Notch activities in colon cancer cell lines. These cells also showed impaired Jagged1/Notch signaling. These results suggest that APEX1 could be a potential new therapeutic target for colon cancer.