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BCL10 / B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for BCL10
Plan BCL10 paraffin-section IHC with the catalog antibody at 2–5 μg/mL (datasheet: PB9525). Expect cytoplasmic staining in most cell types, with medium staining in bronchial respiratory epithelial cells and no detected staining in bone-marrow hematopoietic cells (HPA tissue IHC).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
BCL10 Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasm in most cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining in most cell types; texture unspecified (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet PB9525) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Bone-marrow hematopoietic cells were not detected (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | Expression regulation unreported (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No listed isoforms; one 1–233 chain (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended BCL10 IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet PB9525) is accompanied by published BCL10 IHC protocols for gastric lymphoma, pancreatic and colorectal tumors, and bronchial biopsies (PMC5662601; PMC8375138; PMC12421401; PMC9312497).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human lymph node carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet PB9525) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet PB9525); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet PB9525); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet PB9525) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-BCL10, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet PB9525) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet PB9525) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet PB9525) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | BCL10-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: Medium). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in most cell types. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval for the catalog antibody (datasheet PB9525); published alternatives use citrate pH 6.0 or Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (PMC12421401; PMC9312497).
Section 2
What Is the Expected BCL10 Staining Pattern?
In paraffin-section IHC, expect predominantly cytoplasmic BCL10 staining in many cell types, including glandular and respiratory epithelial cells (HPA: cytoplasmic expression in most cell types; Medium staining in listed cells). BCL10 is also described in the perinuclear region and membrane rafts, with nuclear localization reported in some tumor cells (UniProt O95999: subcellular location). It has no transmembrane segment (UniProt O95999: topology). HPA rates its tissue IHC profile Approved, with medium consistency between staining and RNA data (HPA: tissue IHC reliability).
| Cytoplasmic staining in appendix or duodenal glandular cells, or bronchial respiratory epithelium. | This fits the reported Medium IHC staining in those cell types (HPA: tissue IHC). Judge signal within the identified cells; the atlas levels do not imply that every cell in a section must stain equally. |
| Perinuclear concentration, or nuclear staining in a tumor specimen. | A compact perinuclear pattern and nuclear localization in several tumor cell types are reported (UniProt O95999: subcellular location). HPA also reports nucleoplasmic signal by ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular). Interpret nuclear IHC with tissue context and controls; it is not automatically an artefact. |
| Strong, sharply outlined cell-surface staining with little intracellular signal. | This does not fit the predominant cytoplasmic IHC profile (HPA: tissue IHC). Membrane-raft association does not establish a continuous cell-surface IHC pattern (UniProt O95999: subcellular location); assess morphology and detection controls before calling it BCL10. |
| Signal in adipocytes or glomerular cells, where the reference images show none. | HPA reports BCL10 Not detected in adipocytes of adipose tissue and breast, and in kidney glomerular cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Reproducible staining there warrants checks for cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity; these observations do not make an entire tissue a universal negative control. |
| Diffuse color over cells, stroma, and empty areas, or no signal in an expected positive cell population. | A noncellular wash of color is hard to score against a cytoplasmic pattern (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). Absent signal in a listed Medium-staining cell population may indicate an assay failure, but HPA's Approved rating has only medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). |
💡Expected BCL10 appearanceA credible positive is chiefly intracellular, cytoplasmic staining in identifiable cells such as appendix or duodenal glandular cells or bronchial respiratory epithelium at the reported Medium level; uniform background or isolated crisp cell-surface outlines are suspect (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt O95999: subcellular location).
| Cell type and comparison tissue | BCL10 is described as ubiquitous (UniProt O95999: tissue specificity), yet HPA reports Medium signal in selected glandular and epithelial cells, Low signal in several other cell populations, and Not detected in selected adipocytes, hematopoietic cells, glia, and others (HPA: tissue IHC). Choose comparison cells by name rather than treating a whole organ as uniformly positive or negative. |
| Compartment and cell state | HPA tissue IHC describes a mostly cytoplasmic profile (HPA: tissue IHC); UniProt additionally describes perinuclear, compact, filamentous, membrane-raft, and some tumor-cell nuclear localization (UniProt O95999: subcellular location). A nuclear or punctate result needs cell-specific interpretation, while a continuous surface rim is not established by these observations. |
| Antibody evidence | HPA lists HPA017925 and CAB001944 as IHC Approved; HPA018953 is ICC Supported, with no IHC status listed (HPA: antibody validation). These application labels are antibody-specific. HPA rates the overall tissue IHC profile Approved and describes medium agreement with RNA data (HPA: tissue IHC reliability). |
| IF/ICC Q&A: should its pattern match IHC? | Expect mainly cytosolic signal, with additional nucleoplasmic signal in the HPA ICC-IF record (HPA: subcellular). HPA lists A-431, GAMG, and U2OS among imaged lines and HPA018953 as ICC Supported (HPA: subcellular; antibody validation). Treat this as an IF comparison, not an IHC-P protocol or validation claim. |
| Topology and processing | UniProt reports one BCL10 chain spanning residues 1–233, no signal peptide or propeptide, and no transmembrane segment (UniProt O95999: processing; topology). The supplied record therefore gives no basis for interpreting extracellular deposition as a processed or shed BCL10 product. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No cytoplasmic signal in appendix or duodenal glandular cells. | These cells have reported Medium staining (HPA: tissue IHC); absent signal may reflect a failed IHC run or unsuitable assay conditions (general IHC practice). | Check section integrity, reagent delivery, antigen retrieval, primary-antibody conditions, and detection with appropriate controls; compare identifiable glandular cells before scoring the sample negative (general IHC practice). |
| Only a crisp cell-surface rim appears. | Predominantly cytoplasmic tissue staining is expected (HPA: tissue IHC); raft association alone does not predict a continuous membrane rim (UniProt O95999: subcellular location). | Review cell boundaries and intracellular signal; use a no-primary control and an expected positive cell population to assess detection background (general IHC practice). |
| Adipocytes or kidney glomerular cells stain strongly. | Those cell populations are reported Not detected (HPA: tissue IHC); cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible (general IHC practice). | Inspect no-primary and detection-only controls, then compare staining in listed Medium-positive cells on the same run (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Color spreads through stroma or blank spaces. | The reported cellular cytoplasmic pattern does not account for noncellular color (HPA: tissue IHC); incomplete blocking, washing, or detection-related background may contribute (general IHC practice). | Review blocking, washes, chromogen development, and no-primary controls; score only signal that resolves to identifiable cells (general IHC practice). |
| Nuclear signal dominates the section. | Some tumor-cell nuclear localization is reported (UniProt O95999: subcellular location), and nucleoplasmic ICC-IF signal is reported (HPA: subcellular); neither establishes uniform nuclear staining across all cells. | Compare tumor and neighboring cell compartments, inspect counterstain and no-primary controls, and document whether cytoplasmic signal is also present (general IHC practice). |
| ICC-IF signal differs from the paraffin-section IHC result. | HPA reports mainly cytosolic plus additional nucleoplasmic ICC-IF localization (HPA: subcellular), and its ICC Supported and IHC Approved labels apply to different listed antibodies (HPA: antibody validation). | Evaluate each application against its own validated antibody and controls; do not transfer an ICC-IF antibody status or workflow to IHC-P (HPA: antibody validation; general IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing BCL10 staining
PB9525 · IHCIHC analysis of Bcl10 using anti-Bcl10 antibody (PB9525). Bcl10 was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of human lymph node carcinoma ti
M01616 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded H. kidney section using BCL10 Antibody. M01616 was diluted at 1:25 dilution. A peroxidase-
M01616 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded M. kidney section using BCL10 Antibody. M01616 was diluted at 1:25 dilution. A peroxidase-
M01616-1 · IHCImmunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer, using Bcl10 Antibody.
A01616 · IFImmunocytochemistry of Bcl10 in Raji cells with Bcl10 antibody at 1 μg/mL.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000142867-BCL10/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_635376
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000142867-BCL10/tissue/colon#imid_635318
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000142867-BCL10/tissue/liver#imid_635303
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000142867-BCL10/tissue/kidney#imid_635312
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA018953; green = BCL10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF A-431Human Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, A-431, antibody HPA018953; green = BCL10, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for BCL10 IHC & IF
🧪Run adrenal gland first: glandular cells should stain (HPA: Medium in adrenal gland glandular cells). Use adipose tissue adipocytes as the negative comparison (HPA: Not detected in adipose tissue adipocytes); on the adrenal slide, assess background in neighboring cells that remain unstained, without assuming those cells are BCL10-negative.
Positive control tissue: Adrenal gland (Glandular cells, HPA Medium)
Negative control tissue: Adipose tissue (HPA Not detected)
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show BCL10 in A-431, GAMG, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Cytosol (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Include a no-primary, secondary-only control and a concentration-matched rabbit immunoglobulin control matched to the primary antibody’s clonality where known (selected PB9525 caption: rabbit primary antibody). Use BCL10-knockout material as a biological negative where available, and check endogenous peroxidase and native pigment on the adrenal section before scoring DAB staining (selected PB9525 caption: HRP/DAB detection).
⚠️Feasibility: A target-specific fixation window and fixation effect are unreported, and the selected PB9525 paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (selected PB9525 caption: fixative unreported). The caption uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, but does not establish whether retrieval is required; the supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier (selected PB9525 caption: heat retrieval; HPA: ICC-IF images available). Check adrenal pigment against an unstained section when interpreting chromogenic signal (standard IHC practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for BCL10
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Approved — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cervix | Glandular cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Colon | Endothelial cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Glial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebellum | Cells in granular layer | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Section 3
Advanced BCL10 IHC Tips
Use cell type, compartment and matched controls to assess BCL10 staining in paraffin sections; treat changes in signal after protocol adjustments as observations to validate.
What retrieval should I use when BCL10 staining is weak in paraffin sections?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0 for the catalog antibody (datasheet PB9525). Its paraffin-section example used that retrieval before 2 μg/mL primary antibody overnight at 4°C, so compare weak cases against a section processed that way (datasheet PB9525). If signal remains weak, check that heating, cooling and section handling are consistent across the run before changing one retrieval variable at a time (standard IHC practice). Score any apparent gain against background and tissue morphology, because stronger DAB staining alone does not establish specific BCL10 detection (standard IHC practice).
How should I troubleshoot fixation-related loss of BCL10 signal?
Target-specific fixation sensitivity is unknown: the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (datasheet PB9525). Record the fixative, fixation duration and processing history for each specimen, then compare sections with similar handling under the same retrieval and staining conditions (standard IHC practice). If signal differs, change one processing variable in a controlled comparison and assess morphology alongside staining; do not assign the difference to BCL10 without that comparison (standard IHC practice). The reported pH 8.0 EDTA retrieval provides a starting condition for this antibody, but its caption cannot establish an optimal fixation time (datasheet PB9525).
Should I accept nuclear or filamentous BCL10 staining as specific?
Expect predominantly cytoplasmic staining across many cell types in tissue sections (HPA: cytoplasmic expression in most cell types). A compact, perinuclear or filamentous pattern is compatible with the protein record, while nuclear BCL10 has been reported in several tumor cell types (UniProt O95999: subcellular location). Evaluate each compartment separately against cellular morphology and a matched negative control, particularly when nuclear staining dominates a field (standard IHC practice). Cytosolic staining has independent IF support, with nucleoplasmic localisation also listed, but those observations do not validate every nuclear DAB signal in tissue (HPA: subcellular localisation).
Could epitope position or BCL10 modification explain inconsistent IHC staining?
The supplied record lists one 233-residue chain and no reported isoforms, so an isoform-specific explanation is unsupported here (UniProt O95999: processing and isoforms). Its CARD spans residues 13–101, and reported modifications include N-terminal acetylation and phosphorylation at Ser138 (UniProt O95999: domains and modified residues). Because the catalog antibody's epitope is not supplied, do not infer that either modification masks its binding site (datasheet PB9525: epitope not specified). If staining varies, compare retrieval conditions and independent specificity controls while keeping the scoring compartment and tissue handling consistent (standard IHC practice).
How can IF help resolve ambiguous BCL10 staining in the IHC section?
Use IF as a separate localisation check: BCL10 is mainly cytosolic, with additional nucleoplasmic localisation reported in cell images (HPA: subcellular localisation). Multiplex BCL10 with a marker identifying the expected cell type, then compare signal within those cells rather than across unmatched fields (standard IF practice). Choose a fluorophore channel after checking the specimen's autofluorescence; a far-red channel may improve separation when shorter wavelengths show substantial background (standard IF practice). For intracellular cytosolic or nucleoplasmic epitopes, include a controlled permeabilisation step, since BCL10 has no transmembrane segment and the antibody epitope is unspecified (UniProt O95999: topology; standard IF practice).
What should I change when DAB staining is diffuse or widespread?
Check a no-primary control and examine whether colour follows tissue edges, damaged areas or broadly stained compartments (standard IHC practice). The selected paraffin-section example used 10% goat serum blocking and peroxidase-linked detection with DAB; it does not show which background source affects your specimen (datasheet PB9525). Include an endogenous peroxidase block and verify wash and secondary-antibody conditions before interpreting diffuse DAB as BCL10 (standard chromogenic IHC practice). Because BCL10 expression is broadly reported and HPA describes cytoplasmic staining in most cell types, widespread cellular signal requires morphology and controls rather than automatic dismissal (UniProt O95999: tissue specificity; HPA: tissue IHC profile).
How should I score BCL10 staining across heterogeneous sections? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and compartment before scoring, using cytoplasmic signal as the primary tissue readout (HPA: tissue IHC profile). Within annotated viable regions, report the percentage of positive cells and an intensity-based H-score, with the scoring thresholds fixed across the comparison (standard IHC quantification practice). If positive cells are sparse, report their density per mm² of evaluable tissue and state how that area was measured (standard IHC quantification practice). Normalise cell counts to the relevant cell population or evaluable area, and assess nuclear staining separately because tumor-cell nuclear localisation is reported but is not the predominant tissue pattern (UniProt O95999: subcellular location; HPA: tissue IHC profile).
How do I distinguish true BCL10 signal from staining artefact?
A credible result has a defined cellular pattern, interpretable morphology and little corresponding signal in the no-primary control (standard IHC practice). Cytoplasmic staining is the principal tissue expectation; perinuclear or filamentous staining can fit the protein record, and nuclear staining needs careful cell-level review (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt O95999: subcellular location). Compare purported positive cells with the annotated population, since HPA reports medium staining in some glandular and endothelial cells but no detection in several other listed cell types (HPA: tissue IHC). Treat staining confined to section edges, necrotic areas or endogenous peroxidase activity as suspect until controls resolve it (standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best BCL10 / B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 IHC Antibodies
Anti-BCL10 antibodies have real IHC images of human lymph node carcinoma, kidney and breast cancer sections, plus IF/ICC images of Raji cells (catalog image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-Bcl10 Antibody ®
Cat # PB9525
Real IHC data
Anti-BCL10 Antibody
Cat # M01616
Real IHC data
Anti-Bcl10 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M01616-1
Real IF data
Anti-Bcl-10 Antibody
Cat # A01616
PB9525 shows IHC in paraffin-embedded human lymph node carcinoma (PB9525 image caption), and M01616 shows IHC in paraffin-embedded human kidney (M01616 image caption). M01616-1 shows IHC in paraffin-embedded human breast cancer (M01616-1 image caption); A01616 shows ICC and IF in Raji cells (A01616 image captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, PB9525 provides documented EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval and 2 μg/ml incubation (PB9525 image caption), while the mouse monoclonal M01616 is illustrated at 1:25 in human kidney (M01616 catalog; M01616 image caption). M01616-1 is a rabbit monoclonal listing both IHC and IF/ICC, with paraffin-section IHC illustrated in human breast cancer; the tissue IHC captions do not report a fixative (M01616-1 catalog; PB9525, M01616 and M01616-1 image captions). For IF/ICC and listed cross-species reactivity, choose A01616: its images show Raji cells, and its catalog lists human, mouse and rat reactivity (A01616 catalog; A01616 image captions).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry O95999 (BCL10_HUMAN, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10).
- Human Protein Atlas. BCL10 tissue IHC expression (reliability: Approved).
- Human Protein Atlas. BCL10 subcellular location (ICC-IF): Mainly localized to the cytosol. In addition localized to the nucleoplasm..
- Human Protein Atlas. BCL10 antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
- First-line antibiotic therapy in Helicobacter pylori-negative low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Scientific reports 2017 — PMC5662601.
- Contribution of nuclear BCL10 expression to tumor progression and poor prognosis of advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by activating NF-κB-related signaling. Cancer cell international 2021 — PMC8375138.
- B cell CLL/lymphoma 10 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and regulates cuproptosis sensitivity through the NF-κB signaling pathway. World journal of gastroenterology 2025 — PMC12421401.
- Bcl10 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pro-Fibrotic Signaling in Bronchial Fibroblasts from Severe Asthma Patients. Biomedicines 2022 — PMC9312497.
- PubMed PMID:9989495 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10187770 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:10187771 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for BCL10 (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10). Expected localisation Cytoplasm in most cell types (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet PB9525). Validated IHC antibody: PB9525 at 2-5 μg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adrenal gland (Glandular cells); negative Adipose tissue. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human lymph node carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet PB9525); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet PB9525); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet PB9525); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet PB9525); 8. Primary antibody: Rabbit anti-BCL10, 2-5 μg/ml (datasheet PB9525); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet PB9525). Watch for: Fixation: Keep fixation consistent across sections. (standard IHC practice; not target-specific); Caveat: Bone-marrow hematopoietic cells were not detected (HPA tissue IHC); Isoform / epitope: No listed isoforms; one 1–233 chain (UniProt); Regulation: Expression regulation unreported (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt O95999, HPA tissue IHC · Approved, HPA ICC-IF · Mainly localized to the cytosol. In addition localized to the…, Datasheet PB9525, PMC5662601, PMC8375138. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/BCL10/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.