This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
2 Citations 7 Q&As
1 Citations 11 Q&As
Facts about C-X-C motif chemokine 13.
Chemotactic for B-lymphocytes but not for T-lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils.
Doesn't induce calcium release in B- lymphocytes.Binds to BLR1/CXCR5. .
Human | |
---|---|
Gene Name: | CXCL13 |
Uniprot: | O43927 |
Entrez: | 10563 |
Belongs to: |
---|
intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family |
ANGIE; ANGIE2; B cell-attracting chemokine 1; B lymphocyte chemoattractant; BCA1; BCA-1; BCA1B-cell chemoattractant; BCA-1CXC chemokine BLC; B-cell-homing chemokine (ligand for Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1); BLC; BLCSmall-inducible cytokine B13; BLR1L; B-lymphocyte chemoattractant; chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (B-cell chemoattractant); chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13; C-X-C motif chemokine 13; CXCL13; SCYB13; SCYB13B-cell-attracting chemokine 1; small inducible cytokine B subfamily (Cys-X-Cys motif), member 13 (B-cellchemoattractant)
Mass (kDA):
12.664 kDA
Human | |
---|---|
Location: | 4q21.1 |
Sequence: | 4; NC_000004.12 (77511753..77611834) |
Highest levels in liver, followed by spleen, lymph node, appendix and stomach. Low levels in salivary gland, mammary gland and fetal spleen.
Secreted.
The 3D2 CXCL13 Marker is a new cytokine that is expressed by the cells of the immune system. It is part of the M2 subset. The phenotypes of this subset can be identified by its ability induce anti-inflammatory reactions as well as metabolize three substances namely urea, arginine, and ornithine. These two substances regulate cell proliferation and stimulate collagen production. In addition to the anti-inflammatory properties of this cytokine, scientists have observed that the M2 subset of macrophages exhibits distinct phenotypes when exposed to different stimuli that activate the cell.
A new biomarker for Lyme neuroborreliosis has been discovered. Blood tests can identify the CXCL13 molecule. What are the most effective uses for the 3D2 CXCL13 marker you may are asking? Here are some examples. Below are some of the many advantages of this biomarker. To learn more about this new promising biomarker, keep reading this article.
The CXCL13 marker has great potential for cancer research. This marker regulates molecular signaling processes within the tumor microenvironment. By identifying the role played by this chemokine during cancer it could aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets. This marker can aid in improving the treatment of cancer by aiding in the diagnosis and staging. It could also aid in the development of new treatments by providing vital information for research into cancer.
Although it is a relatively recent marker, it has already demonstrated promising clinical efficacy in a variety. It has also been linked with a number of lymphomas. The strongest correlation was seen in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. which is a type of cancer that derives from T-follicle like human cells (TFH). In 2016 the WHO included the CXCL13 marker in the diagnostic criteria for AITL.
Human monocytes generate the CXCL13 protein and it is linked to extracellular fibrils. It is secreted from macrophages as well as monocytes, and then placed on extracellular matrix components. We used sandwich ELISA to measure CXCL13 levels in supernatants from cultured monocytes. LPS stimulated the production of CXCL13-positive monoocytes. This was found in the tonsillar germinal center. M-CSF did not affect the level.
Different RA lesions had different amounts of CXCL13. This suggests that the protein is always being raised. The CXCL13 expression levels in the germinal centers are similar to those found in RA lesions. The bars are two hundred and fifty millimeters respectively. For comparison, in the case of gastric lymphomas, CXCL13 expression levels are high. If these findings are used in clinical trials, they could be helpful for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
There are two major kinds of FDCs. CD68+ T cells contain CXCL13. They are not positive for CXCL13. They are therefore not viable candidates for celiac disease. However, they are crucial for research on celiac disease. Clinicians benefit from using the CXCL13 marker. If you'd like to know more about the CXCL13 marker, do not hesitate to go ahead and take the test.
The CXCL13 levels in serum vary between individuals and groups. Typically the serum level of CXCL13 is detectable. The Quantikine CXCL13 ELISA test instructions specified an interval between 39.4 and 252 pg/ml. For patients suffering from kidney cancer, the normal serum level of CXCL13 is between 81.9 and 507.
CXCL13 has been implicated as a possible pathogen in neurosyphilis. This is a serious complication of untreated Syphilis. The infection results in the overexpression of CXCL13 within the CNS. This promotes the maturation and differentiation of B-cells into Plasma cells. Plasma cells are the ones responsible for generating an burgdorferi-targeted response. Moreover the CSF CXCL13 level is being considered as a biomarker of neuroborreliosis. A meta-review of 18 studies determined the specificity and the sensitivity of CXCL13 as a neurosyphilis biomarker.
The CXCL13 protein is involved in a wide variety of biological functions. This includes regulating the activities of a proteinkinase, and encouraging inflammation, apoptosis, and regulating protein kinase activity. Recent research has revealed that it plays a role in the regulation of cell signaling. This protein can regulate the function and activation of various signaling pathways in cell cells and also downstream signaling proteins. CXCL13 protein is required for cell signaling. It promotes activation of p–Src2 and p–PTK2 in cells' membranes.
The hybridoma supernatants were used to create antibodies for CXCL13. As a reference, CXCL13 from human and murine were used. The plates were rinsed with antibodies at different concentrations. They ranged from 1 mg/ml up to 0.02 mg/ml. Secondary antibodies were added at 1 to 20,000 dilutions in order to test the binding of CXCL13.
Human antibody against CXCL13 MAb 5261-muIg has been developed successfully to block this protein's primary function, i.e. to inhibit B cell moving to lymphoid tissues of secondary origin. The MAb blocked CXCL13 in female BALB/c mice adoptive transfer model. After adoptive transfer, B cells were isolated from the spleen of the donor. They were then labeled using CFSE. Twenty Clones were then expanded using an untreated medium. The antibodies were highly effective in inhibiting CXCL13 in this model.
The activities of the PIK3CA/AKT1 and ROCK2 pathways is increased by the CX3CL1 protein. CX3CL1 has been found to boost cell migration and invasion. It is also associated with the progression of tumors. By inhibiting this protein, you can block the function of PTK2. The CX3CL13 marker can be used to diagnose various cancers, including HCC.
The CXCL13 chemokine has a number of biological functions and has been known to play a role in lymphoid organogenesis. Because CXCL13 levels increase significantly in conditions such as lupus or rheumatoid joint, as well as autoimmune disorders, it's considered a biomarker of disease severity.
Although CX3CL1 is not directly linked to the progression of cancer, it is important to know its role in the regulation of tumor growth. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CX3CL1 is involved in prostate cancer metastasis. Additionally, CX3CL1 expression is also related to gastric cancer colon, kidney cancer and renal carcinoma. However it is the case that the CXCL13 protein does not appear to be linked with HCC spinal metastasis.
PMID: 9486651 by Gunn M.D., et al. A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1.
PMID: 9463416 by Legler D.F., et al. B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5.
*More publications can be found for each product on its corresponding product page