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- Table of Contents
Plan chromogenic EEF2 IHC in paraffin sections using the catalog antibody’s documented staining conditions. Compare cytoplasmic and membranous staining across cell types, using HPA tissue IHC as the pattern reference.
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasmic and membranous in most tissues (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic and membranous staining across many cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A00830-2) | |
| Positive control | Appendix+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image A00830-2) | |
| Caveat | Broad staining may obscure differences between cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Regulation | No tissue-specific regulation established (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Isoform / epitope | No annotated isoforms; cleavage may affect epitope coverage (UniProt) |
The catalog antibody’s IHC protocol (datasheet A00830-2) is accompanied by published methods for eEF2 staining (PMC4027928) and phospho-eEF2 staining (PMC5613342).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A00830-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A00830-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A00830-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A00830-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-EEF2, 2μg/ml (datasheet A00830-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A00830-2) |
| Detection | Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC), DAB chromogen (datasheet A00830-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | EEF2-positive staining in glandular cells of appendix (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in most tissues. No signal in the no-primary control. |
EEF2 should stain mainly in the cytoplasm of many cell types, with membranous staining also reported across most tissues (HPA: tissue IHC). Glandular, respiratory epithelial, hematopoietic, glial, and squamous epithelial cells provide high-staining examples (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA rates the tissue evidence Enhanced but reports only medium agreement with RNA data (HPA: reliability). EEF2 has no transmembrane segment; UniProt also lists a nuclear location (UniProt P13639: topology and location).
| Cytoplasmic staining in appendix glands, with some membranous staining. | This fits the reported tissue pattern and a high-staining cell population (HPA: tissue IHC). Judge localisation alongside cell identity; the HPA tissue profile describes both cytoplasmic and membranous staining. |
| Strong nuclear-only staining across a section, with little cytoplasmic signal. | Investigate this as a possible staining artefact: HPA describes predominantly cytoplasmic and membranous tissue staining (HPA: tissue IHC). Do not dismiss every nuclear signal, since UniProt reports nuclear translocation of a C-terminal cleavage product after CSK-dependent phosphorylation (UniProt P13639: location). |
| Strong signal confined to smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, or adipocytes. | These populations are listed as low-staining, so strong isolated signal warrants a specificity check (HPA: tissue IHC). Cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity are possible IHC causes, not established explanations for this specimen (general IHC practice). |
| Colour spreads across cells and surrounding tissue without clear cell boundaries. | Treat a diffuse deposit as background until controls support a cellular pattern (general IHC practice). It cannot establish the cytoplasmic or membranous localisation reported for EEF2 (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| No signal in appendix glandular cells or bone marrow hematopoietic cells. | Either population is reported as high-staining, so absence of signal calls for a technical check before concluding EEF2 is absent (HPA: tissue IHC). HPA reports no negative tissue population in this payload (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Which compartments can support an IHC call? | Cytoplasmic and membranous staining are reported in most tissues (HPA: tissue IHC). EEF2 lacks a transmembrane segment (UniProt P13639: topology), so a membrane-like outline alone does not prove membrane insertion. |
| How should tissue intensity vary? | HPA reports high staining in several epithelial and hematopoietic populations, medium staining in endometrial stromal cells, and low staining in smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes (HPA: tissue IHC). Avoid imposing one intensity threshold on every cell type. |
| What does antibody validation establish? | Two listed antibodies have Enhanced IHC status and one has Approved status (HPA: antibodies). The overall tissue reliability is Enhanced, with medium staining–RNA consistency (HPA: tissue IHC); these labels support interpretation but do not verify an individual slide. |
| How should nuclear staining be handled? | UniProt lists cytoplasm and nucleus and describes nuclear translocation of a C-terminal cleavage product after CSK-dependent phosphorylation (UniProt P13639: location). The supplied evidence does not show whether the IHC antibody detects that product; review nuclear-only staining against controls. |
| IF/ICC: what pattern is expected? | HPA reports supported cytosolic localisation and uncertain plasma-membrane localisation in ICC-IF (HPA: subcellular). Treat this as a cross-check for compartment interpretation, while assessing paraffin-section IHC against the tissue IHC profile (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| An HPA high-staining control tissue has no visible cellular signal. | The failed signal may reflect a run or detection problem; the supplied sources do not identify EEF2-specific fixation sensitivity (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Check section integrity, primary-antibody exposure, detection reagents, and a working positive control; review antigen retrieval against the antibody's IHC instructions (general IHC practice). |
| Every structure, including cell-free areas, is brown. | Non-specific detection or deposited chromogen may obscure cellular staining (general IHC practice); HPA's EEF2 profile describes staining in cells (HPA: tissue IHC). | Compare a no-primary control, check blocking and washes, and shorten detection development if background dominates (general IHC practice). |
| High signal appears mainly in smooth muscle, fibroblasts, or adipocytes. | Those populations are reported as low-staining; cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity is possible, but the slide alone cannot distinguish them (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). | Review a no-primary control and detection blocking; compare an HPA high-staining cell population on the same run before assigning specificity (HPA: tissue IHC; general IHC practice). |
| Only nuclei stain strongly in many cells. | That differs from the dominant tissue pattern, although a nuclear EEF2 cleavage product is described by UniProt (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt P13639: location). | Check nuclear counterstain and no-primary control, then assess whether cytoplasmic signal is also present; avoid assigning the nuclear product without antibody-epitope evidence (general IHC practice; UniProt P13639: location). |
| The expected cells stain, but boundaries are hard to score. | Overlapping chromogen and counterstain can make compartment calls uncertain (general IHC practice); both cytoplasmic and membranous staining are reported (HPA: tissue IHC). | Inspect thinner or less crowded regions and adjust counterstain or detection development in a repeat run before scoring membrane-like signal (general IHC practice). |
| Replicate sections give different apparent intensity. | The supplied HPA reliability description reports medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression, but does not establish the cause of run-to-run variation (HPA: reliability). | Compare matched cell populations and positive controls across runs; record section, retrieval, antibody, and detection conditions before attributing a difference to EEF2 biology (general IHC practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Enhanced — Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appendix | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Cerebral cortex | Glial cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: EEF2 is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Troubleshoot EEF2 staining in paraffin sections by checking retrieval, compartment, background and scoring against the documented tissue pattern.
EEF2 antibodies have IHC images from paraffin sections of human cancers and rat ovary (catalog IHC captions); IF images show staining in A431 and HEPG2 cells (catalog IF captions).
A00830-2 and A00830-1 each show IHC staining in paraffin sections of human breast cancer (their IHC captions); A00830-2 also has an IF image from A431 cells (A00830-2 IF caption). M00830-2 shows IHC staining in paraffin sections of human breast cancer and IF staining in HEPG2 cells (M00830-2 IHC/IF captions); M00830-1 shows IHC staining in paraffin sections of human prostate cancer and rat ovary (M00830-1 IHC captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, A00830-1 has paraffin-section images from human breast, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma and renal cancers, using 2 μg/ml primary antibody after EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0 (A00830-1 IHC captions). For IF/ICC, choose A00830-2 for a rabbit primary with an A431 IF image, or M00830-2 for a mouse monoclonal, clone 5F5, with a HEPG2 IF image (catalog hosts/clones; A00830-2 and M00830-2 IF captions). For cross-species tissue IHC, M00830-1 is a rabbit monoclonal with paraffin-section images from human prostate cancer and rat ovary; the fixative is unreported (catalog host/clone; M00830-1 IHC captions).