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Facts about Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand.
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Human | |
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Gene Name: | FLT3LG |
Uniprot: | P49771 |
Entrez: | 2323 |
Belongs to: |
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No superfamily |
FL; FLG3L; Flt3 ligand; Flt-3 Ligand; Flt3L; FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; SL cytokine
Mass (kDA):
26.416 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 19q13.33 |
Sequence: | 19; NC_000019.10 (49474172..49487037) |
[Isoform 1]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform 2]: Secreted.
Flow procedure and the Anti-Flt3-ligand validation on IHC and WB are the two primary steps to analyze the results of FLT3LG marker that is anti-Flt3. If you're not sure of how to make your experiment more efficient, Boster Bio optimization tips can help you. Below are the principal advantages and drawbacks of using this marker.
Boster Bio's Anti-FlT3 ligand/FLT3LG are tested in both ELISA and Western blotting applications. This antibody reacts with Mouse and Rat Flt3 ligand. To decrease the amount protein recognized by the antibody, you can buy a blocking peptide.
FLT3 ligand, also known as FLT3L, is an encoded protein by the FLT3 gene. It is responsible for the development of DCs and has a particular focus on plasmacytoid and classical DCs. It encourages the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells that are in the beginning stages. It also synergizes with many other colony stimulating factors.
A recent study showed that a human FLT3 ligand (FLTL), was made clonable using PBMC cells taken from patients. The cloned FLTL gene was then inserted into the pCDH-4-1BB -CD3z plasmid. The empty pCDH vector was used as a control. The recombinant FLTL gene was isolated as lentivirus using previously described methods.
FLT3 is a ligand that causes the dimerization of FLT3 in 5-15 min. FLT3L increases the phosphorylation of FLT3 and activates several signal transduction pathways. It also enhances growth and survival in FLT3+ cells. These results suggest that FLT3 ligand could be an effective treatment for FLT3+ AML.
The FLT3 ligand CAR-Ts are an important tool in the treatment of leukemia. Clinical trials are in progress to confirm their safety and effectiveness. Moreover, FLT3 ligand CAR-T therapies are demonstrating remarkable results in treating leukemias that are lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia.
Validation on WB, IHC, and immunofluorescence techniques requires that the antibodies are tested in their appropriate assay environments. A denatured antigen is appropriate for WB testing, and the presence of a single band with an established molecular weight suggests an extremely high degree of specificity. But, multiple bands may be present, indicating different post-translational changes, splice variants or non-specific binding.
An antigen-specific antibody is used for validation purposes. The antibody must recognize at minimum half of the target protein in the blot. The antibody must be enhanced over other bands or a recombinant unmodified histone. Positive controls include KO and KD systems, as and data from ChIP-seq.
To validate antibodies, the quantitative method is employed. It is different from the traditional qualitative method as it permits comparison between antibodies. One example is Met, which is an antibody that blocks the growth factor for hepatocytes. Five different antibodies were tested to confirm the validity of Met. One commercial antibody was extremely reproducible. However, two Met staining batches showed different staining patterns (membranous or nuclear), which indicated that the antibody was not specifically targeted. This was also observed with VEGF which is a protein found in the liver.
In addition to the immunohistochemistry, Western blot can also be used for antibody specificity assessment. These antibodies are referred to as immunoneutralizing antibodies. While they can eliminate the staining of the tissues, blocking the antibody with blocking proteins won't confirm the selectivity of antibodies. Blocking peptides also have limitations.
WB and IHC provide valuable information regarding the specificity of antibodies. This is particularly valuable when antibodies are used as diagnostic tests. Validating an antibody can be performed with the help of WB, IHC, or immunofluorescence. These three methods can be useful for testing the specificity of an antibody. A complete protein expression profile requires a sample of at least five different types of tissue, as well as two control samples.
The validation scores of WB, IHC, and immunofluorescence tests are referred to as orthogonal. These methods are based upon an examination of the correlation between mRNA expression intensities and staining of the samples. Specificity of antibodies is determined by an extremely strong correlation between antibody signal and the antibody signal. Positive results are confirmed by strong correlations between two samples. A weaker or less specific staining could indicate that there is no or little protein expression.
The application of DCS technology to industrial processes is gaining traction across industries. Its key components include a human-machine interface, logic solvers, historian, common database, alarm management, and third-party-certified cybersecurity. DCS is scalable and easy to upgrade, making it ideal for any manufacturing facility. This training is grounded in real-world examples of DCS applications. Continue reading to find out more about DCS technology's benefits and features.
A communication bus connects discrete field devices to the input and output controller module via the connection bus. These controllers are typically placed in control rooms and work continuously. They may also be connected to engineering stations for data monitoring and data recording. This communication bus can support a variety of high-speed communications protocols like HART, Profibus, and Modbus. Process industries require more sophisticated control systems and robust engineering tools.
DCSs are utilized for a variety of purposes in large industrial facilities such as refineries for oil and chemicals. They are used to control processes, and a single processor failure can only affect a small part of the process. This is why they divide the computing power across many nodes to ensure that the controller's processing speed remains constant. This means that there is no necessity of keeping physical records. Certain DCSs feature dual redundant processors as well as hot switchover. The system can also support fieldbus digital protocols, which are able to be used to interface with various kinds of equipment.
While DCS technology is an excellent option for industrial automation the demand for DCS systems has slowed dramatically in industrialized nations with advanced economies. The industry already has thousands of DCS systems in operation, and only a handful of new plants are being developed. This trend has led to a significant shift in market for new hardware. These regions are growing faster than developed nations. So, while DCS is still an attractive option for numerous industries, it's still in the early stages of its development.
DCS controllers and SCADA controllers differ in that DCS is local, whereas DCS is distributed across the entire plant. It communicates with supervisor terminals and the operator. DCS is a local hardware, so its reach is limited. SCADA is usually utilized in remote locations. They have a similar architecture, despite the differences between them. Control consoles and cubicles are usually connected to the controllers, which are situated in the plant.
PMID: 8145851 by Hannum C., et al. Ligand for FLT3/FLK2 receptor tyrosine kinase regulates growth of haematopoietic stem cells and is encoded by variant RNAs.
PMID: 8180375 by Lyman S.D., et al. Cloning of the human homologue of the murine flt3 ligand: a growth factor for early hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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