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- Table of Contents
Facts about Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15.
Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Required for cholesterol-dependent gene regulation.
Human | |
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Gene Name: | MED15 |
Uniprot: | Q96RN5 |
Entrez: | 51586 |
Belongs to: |
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Mediator complex subunit 15 family |
ARC105Arc105; CAG7A; CTG repeat protein 7a; CTG7A; FLJ42282; FLJ42935; mediator complex subunit 15PC2 glutamine/Q-rich-associated protein; mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15; PC2 (positive cofactor 2, multiprotein complex) glutamine/Q-rich-associatedprotein; PC2-glutamine-rich-associated protein; PCQAPDKFZp686A2214; Positive cofactor 2 glutamine/Q-rich-associated protein; positive cofactor 2, glutamine/Q-rich-associated protein; TIG1DKFZp762B1216; TIG-1TPA-inducible gene 1 protein; TNRC7; TPA inducible gene-1; TPA inducible protein; trinucleotide repeat containing 7,105-kD;
Mass (kDA):
86.753 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 22q11.21 |
Sequence: | 22; NC_000022.11 (20507582..20587621) |
Expressed in all tissues examined, including heart, brain, lung, spleen, thymus, pancreas, blood leukocyte and placenta. However, the level of expression varied, with highest expression in the placenta and peripheral blood and lowest in the pancreas and kidney.
Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
The BosterBio Anti-MED15 Antibody Picoband(tm), a versatile, highly effective marker for development and research, is a great choice. Boster scientists can submit their results for species, applications, and special samples, and receive product credits. This marker is compatible with scientists around the world. Read on to find out more about this marker. These are some of its most popular uses.
The mediator for RNA polymerase II transcript subunit 15 is a human-encoded protein. It is also known by the following names: Gal11, Spt13 and TIG-1. This protein acts as a regulator of gene transcription and is commonly expressed in human breast tissues. Boster bio produces high-affinity primary antibodies that are highly cited by the scientific community. The antibodies are validated by Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and ELISA.
Yeast has a MED15 (yMED1527) marker. This transcription factor is involved in many biological process. yMED15 contains an amyloid-like region in its central region, which is responsible for its role as an interaction hub for many transcription factors. YMED15 aggregation often occurs under stressful conditions. This may function as an epigenetic mechanism for regulating transcription levels.
This marker affects migration. It is also related to TGFb signaling. These cells showed significantly lower migration rates when MED15 was knocked down than control cells. Western blots of protein lysates of HSC-3 or SCC-25 cells revealed that MED15 cells co-expressed with cells showed an increase in pSMAD3 transcription.
Mutant plants express the MED15 gene at very delayed stages, resulting in extremely delayed growth. When confronted by B. cinerea, med15-mutant plants express less HEL/PDF1.2. The MED33A/B isoforms could play a positive function in plant defense against B. cerea. Functional studies are therefore essential to understand how the MED15 genes interact with transcription coactivators.
AR expression significantly decreased when MED15 gene expression was knocked down in LNCaP cell lines. MED1 levels remained the same. AR expression was significantly reduced by the MED15 knockdown of LNCaP cells. This is a positive finding considering that oral tumors are associated with poorer outcomes. This may explain why the MED15 gene overexpression in oral cancers is associated with a lower survival rate compared to other tumors.
MED15 is also involved with the signaling of PI3K. It has been implicated in PCa progression. TGFss-mediated activation PI3K by TGFss promotes cell survival and tumor growth. MED15 can be used in combination therapy with TGFs inhibitors. MED15 might also improve the efficiency of TGFs inhibitors.
MED15 upregulation is mediated by AKT signaling and PI3K. It has been proven that MED15 upregulation is linked to high levels of pAKT and TGFss. Similarly to pAKT, MED15 expression was elevated in cells with high pSMAD3 and pAKT staining. Moreover, MED15 expression was highest when both markers were high expressed simultaneously.
Numerous studies have shown that MED15 knockdown decreases LNCaP cells viability. MED15 knockdown also induces apoptosis. This is reflected by the reduction of MTT assay (MTT) activity by 50%. These results were normalized against control cells. Data are therefore represented as mean plus SEM. These results show that LNCaP-cell knockdown of MED15 induces apoptosis.
Despite its high affinity for RNA, MED15 has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Recent bioinformatics analysis suggests that MED15 may be a prionlike protein, with a disordered portion at the N-terminal. As part of the structure of the prion, MED15 is capable of undergoing transitions from a monomeric to a dimeric state.
Experiments using cells lacking Med15 showed that DYRK3 is overexpressed in cells. This causes a disruption to the nuclear foci for the protein. However, GFP-hMed15-expressing cells form a nuclear foci in the absence of Med15. These findings suggest that a synergistic effect exists between the two regions. Med15 overexpression can disrupt the formation of condensates in the prion nuclear foci.
MED15 is a protein that contains polyQ tracts at the N-terminus and is predicted to have CC propensity. However, MED15 and its orthologs share low sequence identity, suggesting that a Q-rich region may have a role in promoting CC. However, it is important to note that these two regions may be related in function. These findings suggest that MED15 –PrLD may contain prion-like, cryptic amyloid features.
Human MED15 protein has prion-like characteristics that mimic yeast prions. It exhibits a low sequence identity (12%) between yeast and human, despite having highly divergent characteristics. Further, human MED15 is a prion-like protein, with properties that are conserved across species. This could be a sign that there is an evolving disease. MED15 is a protein that is both prionlike and amyloid.
A recent study revealed that MED15 interacts multiple transcription activators and participates various signal-induced gene expression programmes. In contrast, knockout of Med15 reduced serum response in mouse models, decreased the levels of both Med15 and Med1 protein, and abolished the presence of Med15 foci. This suggests that Med15's C terminal domain could be an indicator of the regulation of transcription condensates in mammalian cellular cells.
This study also demonstrated that MED15 –PrLD is capable accessing the highly-ordered amyloid state. The GFP moiety is fluorescently folded and fluorescent, which suggests that MED15–PrLD could be a similar candidate as Ure2p. The next step is testing the stability of MED15–PrLD in other protein. Once this has been determined, the marker will become an important tool in identifying a wide range of proteins.
PMID: 11024300 by Abraham S., et al. A novel glutamine-rich putative transcriptional adaptor protein (TIG- 1), preferentially expressed in placental and bone-marrow tissues.
PMID: 11414760 by Berti L., et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel gene from the DiGeorge chromosomal region that encodes for a mediator subunit.