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- Table of Contents
Plan SREBF1 chromogenic IHC around cytoplasmic tissue staining, with adrenal glandular cells as a high-staining reference (HPA tissue IHC). Interpret nuclear staining in light of sterol-dependent processing and epitope position (UniProt).
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
| Expected localisation | Cytoplasm in tissue; ER/Golgi precursor, nuclear product (HPA tissue IHC; UniProt) | |
| Staining pattern | Cytoplasmic staining, highest in adrenal glandular cells (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet A00282-2) | |
| Positive control | Adrenal gland+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all |
| Fixation | Keep paraffin-section fixation consistent across samples (standard IHC practice; not target-specific) | |
| Caveat | Sterol-dependent processing can shift staining to nuclei (UniProt) | |
| Regulation | Low sterols promote nuclear entry (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | Six isoforms; epitope position affects processed-form detection (UniProt) |
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet A00282-2) is followed by published SREBF1 IHC methods for prostate tumors, breast tumors, and mouse aorta (PMC10256812; PMC8605000; PMC13337896).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human melanoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet A00282-2) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet A00282-2); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet A00282-2); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet A00282-2) |
| Primary antibody | Rabbit anti-SREBF1, 1:50 recommended; image 1:100 (datasheet A00282-2) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet A00282-2) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet A00282-2) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | SREBF1-positive staining in glandular cells of adrenal gland (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, most abundant in adrenal gland. No signal in the no-primary control. |
SREBF1 staining may appear in the cytoplasm, including membrane-associated precursor, or in nuclei after processing (UniProt P36956). In paraffin-section IHC, HPA reports mainly cytoplasmic staining, strongest in adrenal glandular cells (HPA: High in adrenal glandular cells). Treat this as a reference pattern, not a definitive specificity test: HPA rates its tissue IHC evidence Uncertain because staining and RNA expression show low consistency (HPA: tissue IHC reliability Uncertain).
| Adrenal glandular cells show clear cytoplasmic chromogen above nearby background (HPA: High in adrenal glandular cells). | This matches HPA’s strongest reported tissue IHC pattern; score the glandular-cell staining separately from background (HPA: High in adrenal glandular cells; standard IHC practice). Nuclear staining can also be biologically plausible for processed SREBF1 (UniProt P36956). |
| Lung macrophages or placental trophoblastic cells show moderate cellular staining (HPA: Medium in both cell types). | These are reported positive populations, though weaker than adrenal glandular cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Check cell identity and intracellular localisation before scoring; HPA’s Uncertain tissue reliability limits how strongly any single field supports specificity (HPA: tissue IHC reliability Uncertain). |
| Chromogen collects outside cells or follows tissue edges instead of cytoplasm or nuclei (UniProt P36956 localisation; standard IHC practice). | An extracellular or edge-bound pattern does not fit SREBF1’s reported compartments (UniProt P36956). Consider section artefact or detection background, then compare with a matched negative control before interpreting the deposit as target staining (standard IHC practice). |
| A population reported as not detected, such as adipocytes in adipose tissue, stains strongly (HPA: Not detected in adipocytes). | Unexpected staining raises cross-reactivity or endogenous detection activity as possibilities (standard IHC practice). It is not proof of either: HPA’s tissue calls are Uncertain, so inspect the compartment and controls before rejecting a biological signal (HPA: tissue IHC reliability Uncertain). |
| Adrenal glandular cells show no discernible staining above the negative control (HPA: High in adrenal glandular cells). | The reported positive population is missing, which makes the run difficult to interpret (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). Review antibody and detection performance alongside section quality; one negative specimen alone cannot establish absence of SREBF1 (standard IHC practice). |
| Membrane precursor and nuclear product (UniProt P36956). | SREBF1 occupies ER and Golgi membranes before processing; its released transcription-factor form enters nuclei (UniProt P36956). Interpret cytoplasmic and nuclear signals in that context rather than requiring one compartment in every cell. |
| Epitope location and processing (UniProt P36956 topology and chains). | UniProt places two transmembrane segments at residues 488–508 and 548–568, and the processed chain at 1–490 (UniProt P36956). Which forms an antibody detects depends on its epitope; no epitope is supplied here. |
| Isoforms (UniProt P36956). | UniProt lists 6 SREBF1 isoforms (UniProt P36956). The supplied evidence does not show which isoforms the IHC antibody recognises, so staining alone cannot identify an isoform. |
| Strength of tissue reference (HPA: tissue IHC reliability Uncertain). | HPA reports High adrenal glandular staining and several Medium cell populations, but flags low consistency with RNA expression (HPA: tissue IHC). Use these as comparison sites, not as absolute positive or negative criteria. |
| IF/ICC Q&A: Where should cellular fluorescence appear? | HPA reports enhanced nucleoplasmic localisation in ICC-IF, while UniProt also places the precursor on ER and Golgi membranes (HPA: subcellular ICC-IF; UniProt P36956). This localisation answer does not prescribe an IF protocol. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| No adrenal glandular signal (HPA: High in adrenal glandular cells). | A failed staining or detection step is possible; HPA’s Uncertain tissue call also limits certainty about an individual specimen (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC reliability Uncertain). | Check the same run’s positive and negative controls, antibody application, detection reagents and section integrity before calling the tissue negative (standard IHC practice). |
| Signal fills the section, including cell-free areas (standard IHC practice). | Diffuse chromogen may reflect background from detection reagents, insufficient blocking or inadequate washing (standard IHC practice). | Compare a no-primary control, review blocking and wash steps, and score only cell-associated signal that exceeds background (standard IHC practice). |
| Strong staining appears in adipocytes reported as not detected (HPA: adipose adipocytes Not detected). | Cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogenic activity is possible, but the HPA negative call is Uncertain (standard IHC practice; HPA: tissue IHC reliability Uncertain). | Check cell identity and compartment; use an appropriate no-primary control and endogenous-activity control for the detection system (standard IHC practice). |
| Only extracellular deposits or stained section edges are visible (standard IHC practice). | That distribution conflicts with the reported intracellular SREBF1 locations and suggests artefact (UniProt P36956 localisation; standard IHC practice). | Inspect adjacent tissue and the negative control for the same deposit pattern before assigning a cellular score (standard IHC practice). |
| Cytoplasmic and nuclear scores disagree between specimens (HPA: cytoplasmic tissue IHC; UniProt P36956 nucleus). | Precursor localisation and processing can yield different compartments; antibody epitope coverage is unspecified (UniProt P36956 topology and processing). | Record cytoplasmic and nuclear staining separately, alongside cell type and intensity; avoid inferring processing status from IHC alone (standard IHC practice). |
| A staining difference follows antigen retrieval conditions (standard IHC practice). | Retrieval can affect IHC performance generally; target-specific SREBF1 fixation sensitivity is unreported in the supplied evidence (standard IHC practice; supplied UniProt/HPA scope). | Compare retrieval conditions with the same controls and scoring rules; report the condition used without attributing the difference to a proven SREBF1-specific mechanism (standard IHC practice). |
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Uncertain — Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Caudate | Neuronal cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Kidney | Cells in glomeruli | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Lung | Macrophages | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Placenta | Trophoblastic cells | Medium | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Glandular cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bronchus | Respiratory epithelial cells | Not detected | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
For SREBF1 chromogenic IHC, assess staining by compartment and cell type while keeping the catalog antibody’s paraffin-section conditions and evidence limits in view.
Anti-SREBF1 antibodies have IHC images from human spleen and paraffin-embedded human melanoma, plus an IF image from human spleen (catalog image captions: A00282, A00282-2).
A00282 has human spleen IHC and IF images and lists human and mouse reactivity (catalog image captions and reactivity list: A00282). A00282-2 has a paraffin-embedded human melanoma IHC image and lists IHC, IF and ICC applications with human and rat reactivity (catalog IHC image caption and application/reactivity lists: A00282-2).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose A00282 if its human spleen example fits your sample, or A00282-2 for a paraffin-section example in human melanoma; the A00282-2 caption does not report the fixative (catalog IHC image captions: A00282, A00282-2). For IF, A00282 has a human spleen image; for ICC or rat reactivity, A00282-2 lists ICC and IF, lists rat reactivity and is described as polyclonal (catalog IF image caption: A00282; catalog application/reactivity lists and dilution_raw: A00282-2). For mouse reactivity, A00282 lists mouse, while its supplied images show human spleen (catalog reactivity list and image captions: A00282).