Glutamate decarboxylase 2 Antibodies

Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2)

Catalyzes the production of GABA. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	GAD2
Uniprot:	Q05329
Entrez:	2572

Family

Belongs to:
group II decarboxylase family

Alternative Names

EC 4.1.1; EC 4.1.1.15; GAD2; GAD65; GAD-65; GAD65MGC161605; glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kD); glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa); glutamate decarboxylase 2; Glutamate decarboxylase 65 kDa isoform; Glutamate decarboxylase-2 (pancreas); MGC161607,65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
65.411 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	10p12.1
Sequence:	10; NC_000010.11 (26216307..26304562)

Subcellular Localizations

Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Cell junction, synapse, presynaptic cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Associated to cytoplasmic vesicles. In neurons, cytosolic leaflet of Golgi membranes and presynaptic clusters.

Diseases

• Obesity
• Schizophrenia
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-dependent
• Obesity, Morbid
• Anxiety Disorders
• Depressive Disorder
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Major Depressive Disorder
• Epilepsy

• Hyperglycemia
• Insulinoma
• Stiff-person Syndrome
• Diabetes, Autoimmune
• Brain Diseases

Interacting Proteins

• AGTRAP
• ARL6IP1
• CMTM5
• MAL2
• TMEM159

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Methylation
• Insulin Secretion
• Dna Methylation
• Secretion
• Transport
• Righting Reflex
• Sensory Processing
• Dna Hypermethylation
• Response To Hypoxia
• Synaptic Transmission
• Neuron Differentiation
• Ovulation

• Localization
• Reflex
• Locomotion
• Feeding Behavior
• Histone Methylation
• Gabaergic Neuron Differentiation
• Chromatin Remodeling

PTMs

• Methylation

• Demethylation

• Acetylation

Research Areas

• Diabetes Research
• Immune System Diseases
• Immunology
• Lipid and Metabolism
• Neuronal Cell Markers

• Neuroscience

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/GAD2

Best Uses Of The GAD2 Marker

In this article we discuss the GAD2 marker and its uses for treating generalized anxiety disorder. We also talk about the fact that GAD2 is an antibody that is an auto-reactive target for insulin-dependent diabetics. This article has the best information for anyone who is looking for a GAD2 antibody. Continue reading to find out more! The Best Uses Of The GAD2 Marker

GAD2 is a diagnostic tool for generalized anxiety disorder.

GAD2 is an instrument for diagnosis that can be used to identify the disorder. It is a survey used to measure the severity of generalized anxiety. GAD can cause severe anxiety and impairment in patients and can often be caused by other disorders. GAD can be used to detect other anxiety disorders, since it is a typical anxiety disorder. Our template library contains GAD2 templates. GAD2 template.

GAD2 has been proven to be valid by numerous studies and is widely utilized. Its results are highly correlated with the GAD-7 and demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity. It is less invasive than GAD-7 and is easier to use in primary care settings. However, it does not accurately detect atypical cases of generalized anxiety disorder. Thus, it is an excellent diagnostic tool for those suffering from generalized anxiety disorder.

Both GAD-2 and GAD-7 both have excellent screening properties. GAD-2 scores can discern between low and high GAD symptoms. This is an indication of the test's construct validity as it is able to differentiate between patients suffering from and not generalized anxiety disorder. It also has a high area below the curve. The GAD2 is also a valuable screening tool in primary care settings.

GAD-2 is a quick way to gauge anxiety. It requires only two questions to evaluate the anxiety levels of an individual. The cutoff score of 3 is preferred for those suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. It has a sensitivity of 86. The GAD-7 employs multiple suggestions to help reduce the number of questions asked, and the GAD-2 is just as effective as the GAD-7.

GAD is a well-known condition. However, the diagnosis and treatment can be difficult. Even in Eastern countries, the rate of GAD recognition in primary healthcare is still very low. In order to increase the rate of diagnosis GAD was developed. GAD-7 and GAD-2 were developed. They have been extensively documented for their validity and reliability in Western countries. However, the diagnostic utility of these two tests in East Asian samples is not justifiable by evidence from the empirical.

In a study that was conducted recently, researchers looked at the prevalence of GAD in those who are the most frequent users of health services. They also looked at the validity of GAD-7 in Finland for screening anxiety disorders. The Finnish version of GAD-7 is a reliable screening tool for GAD. However, further study is required to establish its psychometric properties. The full study is available online.

GAD-7 and GAD-2 are both valid convergent valid with other anxiety measures. The GAD-7 score has the most sensitive and specificity contrasted with other measures of anxiety. The GAD-2 cutoff score was five or greater in general. Both scales were significantly associated with other measures of anxiety. These tests are highly specific and have high sensitivity, however there isn't a consensus on which one should use.

It is an insulin-dependent autoantibody for diabetics and an autoeactive T cell target.

GAD2's role in diabetes development is unclear However, peptides have been found to trigger an autoimmune disorder. GAD is a peptide that can be made in beta cells however, they are not found in the lymph nodes, which are home to the other immune cells. This could explain why these peptides appear as foreign antigens to T cells.

Antibodies to GAD and its protein, ICA, are a constant occurrence in patients with ICA-positive first degree relatives. Harrison and coworkers have observed an inverted relationship between GAD autoantibodies and the proliferation of T cells. The high levels of GAD autoantibodies may indicate an insufficient anti-islet response, which may result in less beta cell destruction.

Anti-islet antibodies do not necessarily cause beta cell death, but they could delay the onset of Type 1 diabetes. Anti-B cell antibodies, for example slow down the destruction of beta cells, which are crucial for the development of Type 1 diabetes. Additionally, anti-B cell antibodies may slow down the production of C-peptides in diabetic NOD mice.

Studies in the past have discovered that people with IDDM have higher levels of proinsulin which is thought to be linked to diabetes. These elevated levels were found in IDDM patients as well as healthy first-degree relatives. While the study was inconclusive but it did present some interesting findings. These findings may offer insight into the function GAD2 plays in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes.

The detection of GAD2 autoantibodies in pancreas and blood serum is difficult due to the lack of useful diagnostic assays. The first reliable immunohistochemical tests that are used to detect islet autoantibodies used in clinical settings are based on the human pancreas. Biochemical autoantibody tests, on the other hand, identify GAD2 as an autoantibody within serum.

Recent studies have shown that tolerance to immune responses to different foreign MHC molecules may be applicable to the heart transplant model in mice, in which GAD2 is an auto-reactive T cell target. In addition, linked peptides promote the development of Tregs specifically for transplantation in humans. They can improve the survival of islet allografts. There is a need for new therapies that promote the growth of these T regulatory cells.

It is an instrument for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder.

The GAD2 gene is a potential biomarker for the generalized anxiety disorder. Its specificity and sensitivity are both high suggesting it's a good option for diagnosing the disorder. The GAD2 gene is present in nearly half of the population and there are no diagnostic tools that can measure the gene's expression in this fashion. There are numerous tests for clinical use that can aid doctors in identifying the different types of anxiety.

The GAD2 gene is expressed in the brain and is expressed. The gene is present in healthy people and is responsible for the expression various genes. The gene is present in all individuals with the disorder. The gene is located in the brains of animals, but it hasn't been extensively studied in humans. In fact, the GAD2 gene is found in all species of humans, and its recognition in humans does not require prior knowledge of the genes.

The GAD7 is a questionnaire for self-report that enables rapid detection of GAD. The total score can range between 0 to 21. The participants complete seven questions on a scale of four points. GAD-7's cutoff score of 9 has an sensibility of 89.6%. GAD-2's cutoff score is 2.

GAD-2 has excellent screening capabilities However, GAD-7 has higher sensitivity. Both instruments are small and simple to use, which makes them excellent screening instruments. But are they the best tools to diagnose generalized anxiety disorder? It's only time to find out. What are the best applications of the GAD2 marker? It's easy to see the reason. Implementation is the key to success.

In 2004, a scientist identified the GAD2 gene for the first time. The role of GAD2 gene in the development and progression of GAD have been thoroughly studied through the use of genetic and methodological advancements. It has been proven that the genetic link between GAD and anxiety disorders is strong, suggesting that GAD-2 could be the cause of symptoms that sufferers experience from the disorder. This genetic connection is what makes the GAD-2 gene so useful.

Similar distribution was evident in the GAD-2 responses. Two percent scored in lowest category, and twenty-five percent scored in the highest category. Overall, the items had a relatively symmetric shape and the skewness index varied between 0.95 and 0.295 with the standard error of 0.311 points. The GAD-2 marker is a promising diagnostic tool that can diagnose generalized anxiety disorder.

GAD-2 was first identified as a candidate gene for GAD to test for anxiety disorders. It could also be a candidate for GAD because it measures a subset of the GAD-7 score. Both GAD-7 and GAD-2 markers have high internal consistency and discriminatory accuracy. They have high test-retest correlation which indicates stability over time.