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LMNA / Prelamin-A/C · IHC design guide
Design Immunohistochemistry for LMNA
Plan LMNA IHC in paraffin sections around the distinct nuclear membrane pattern reported across cell types (HPA tissue IHC). Use the staining pattern to assess localisation, and consider age-related prelamin-A/C accumulation when interpreting arterial smooth muscle staining (UniProt).
Evidence assembled Oct 2026 · For research use; verify linked source records and product datasheet before use
LMNA Immunohistochemistry Experimental Design Guide
Expected localisation, validated protocols, controls and antibodies — the at-a-glance facts below, then the full design guide.
Must know before staining
| Expected localisation | Nuclear membrane in tissue (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Staining pattern | Distinct nuclear rim staining in all cell types (HPA tissue IHC) | |
| Antigen retrieval | EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M00438-6) | |
| Positive control | Adipose tissue+4 more · see all | |
| Negative control | None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls |
Important caveats
Reasons your staining may differ from the expected pattern.
| Fixation | Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M00438-6) | |
| Caveat | Prelamin-A/C can accumulate in aged arterial VSMCs (UniProt) | |
| Regulation | Oxidative stress can lower ZMPSTE24 (UniProt) | |
| Isoform / epitope | 6 isoforms; C-terminal processing may change epitope coverage (UniProt) |
Section 1
Recommended LMNA IHC & IF Protocols
The catalog antibody’s IHC-P protocol (datasheet: M00438-6) is paired with a published chromogenic LMNA protocol for human motor nerve sections (PMC5159906).
| Sample | Paraffin-embedded human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M00438-6) |
| Fixation | Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M00438-6); verify before use. |
| Sectioning | 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard) |
| Deparaffinisation | Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard) |
| Antigen retrieval | Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M00438-6); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard) |
| Peroxidase block | 3% H2O2, 10 min, room temperature (standard) |
| Blocking | 10% goat serum (datasheet M00438-6) |
| Primary antibody | Mouse monoclonal (clone 5F3C12) anti-LMNA, 2-5 µg/ml (datasheet M00438-6) |
| Primary incubation | Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M00438-6) |
| Detection | HRP-conjugated secondary, DAB chromogen (datasheet M00438-6) |
| Counterstain | Hematoxylin, blue, dehydrate and mount (standard) |
| Expected result | LMNA-positive staining in adipocytes of adipose tissue (HPA tissue IHC: High). HPA tissue profile: Distinct nuclear membrane expression in all cell types. No signal in the no-primary control. |
💡Decision noteStart with heat-mediated EDTA pH 8.0 retrieval (datasheet: M00438-6); the published motor nerve protocol does not state a retrieval step (PMC5159906).
Section 2
What Is the Expected LMNA Staining Pattern?
LMNA should outline the nuclear envelope in many cell types on paraffin section IHC; the HPA tissue profile describes distinct nuclear membrane staining across cell types and rates its tissue evidence Supported (HPA: tissue IHC). A rim around the nucleus fits its nuclear lamina location (UniProt P02545: subcellular location). LMNA has no transmembrane segment, so a nuclear rim should not be read as staining of the cell surface (UniProt P02545: topology).
| A crisp brown rim outlines nuclei in several cell populations, including adipocytes or respiratory epithelial cells. | This fits the expected nuclear membrane pattern; HPA reports High staining in adipocytes and bronchial respiratory epithelial cells (HPA: tissue IHC). Judge the rim against the counterstained nuclear boundary, since chromogen can obscure a thin outline (standard IHC practice). |
| Brown signal fills cytoplasm or traces the outside of whole cells while nuclear boundaries remain unstained. | That distribution conflicts with the nuclear lamina and envelope assignment (UniProt P02545: subcellular location). Check whether the apparent signal follows tissue edges, debris, or pigment before calling it LMNA; those appearances can mislead compartment scoring (standard IHC practice). |
| One cell population appears strongly positive while neighboring cell types show no nuclear rims. | An isolated population is not automatically a wrong cell type: HPA describes nuclear membrane expression across cell types, with differing observed levels (HPA: tissue IHC). If the signal also occupies the wrong compartment, consider cross-reactivity or endogenous chromogen activity; neither is established by the image alone (standard IHC practice). |
| Pale brown color covers tissue broadly without resolving individual nuclear outlines. | Diffuse background cannot establish LMNA localisation. Compare it with a no primary control and inspect washing, blocking, and detection conditions as general IHC checks (standard IHC practice). HPA's Supported rating describes agreement between staining and RNA data; it does not validate every stain in a new experiment (HPA: tissue IHC). |
| No nuclear rim is visible in a tissue expected to contain strongly stained cells. | First verify that the expected cells are present: HPA reports High staining in bone marrow hematopoietic cells and adrenal glandular cells, among other examples (HPA: tissue IHC). An absent signal warrants checks of antibody application, detection, retrieval, and tissue integrity; this record does not identify an LMNA specific failure mechanism (standard IHC practice). |
💡Expected LMNA appearanceCall a positive IHC result when distinct nuclear rims are visible in the sampled cell types, with strong examples in HPA High populations; diffuse cytoplasmic or cell surface color alone is a suspect positive (HPA: tissue IHC; UniProt P02545: subcellular location; standard IHC practice).
| Cell population and reference tissue | HPA lists several High populations but Low staining in spleen red pulp cells; its supplied profile lists no negative tissue (HPA: tissue IHC). Use a documented High population to assess assay performance, and avoid treating weak red pulp staining as an assay failure. |
| Isoforms and antibody epitope | UniProt lists six LMNA isoforms and precursor versus processed chains (UniProt P02545: isoforms, processing). The supplied evidence gives no epitope for the chosen antibody, so the pattern alone cannot establish which isoform or processing state it recognizes. |
| Prelamin A processing and age | Prelamin A undergoes cleavage during maturation; UniProt reports prelamin A accumulation in aged or diseased arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (UniProt P02545: processing, tissue specificity). Ordinary LMNA nuclear staining cannot by itself identify accumulated prelamin A. |
| IHC antibody validation | HPA marks tissue IHC for HPA006660 and CAB004022 as Supported, while the supplied IHC entry for HPA006523 is blank (HPA: antibodies). Match any validation claim to the antibody actually used; these entries do not establish a dilution or retrieval condition. |
| IF/ICC Q: Should a speckled image override an IHC rim? | No. HPA's ICC IF summary reports supported nuclear speckles, whereas its tissue IHC profile reports nuclear membrane staining (HPA: subcellular ICC IF; HPA: tissue IHC). Interpret each assay against its own evidence and investigate a discordant compartment. |
| Situation | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Known High population lacks a nuclear rim. | The stain or detection run may have failed, or the expected cells may be absent from the section (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). | Confirm cell identity on the counterstain, then review the IHC validated antibody, retrieval, primary application, and detection controls; no LMNA specific retrieval setting is supplied (standard IHC practice). |
| Only spleen red pulp cells look weak. | Low staining is reported for this population, so weak signal can fit the reference (HPA: Low in spleen red pulp cells). | Assess a documented High population in the same run before changing conditions (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| Color follows tissue edges or fills cytoplasm. | That shape is inconsistent with the expected nuclear rim and may reflect nonspecific deposition (UniProt P02545: subcellular location; standard IHC practice). | Inspect the counterstained nuclei and a no primary control; reassess washing and detection before scoring positive cells (standard IHC practice). |
| Brown background appears in the no primary control. | Background can arise from endogenous detection activity or the detection reagents (standard IHC practice). | Review the appropriate endogenous activity block and detection controls for the chromogenic system in use (standard IHC practice). |
| Rims vary markedly between cell populations. | HPA reports different staining levels across sampled populations, including High examples and Low spleen red pulp cells (HPA: tissue IHC). | Score cell populations separately and compare each with its documented reference; avoid treating intensity alone as evidence of a different compartment (HPA: tissue IHC; standard IHC practice). |
| A nuclear rim is present, but the question concerns prelamin A accumulation. | The supplied antibody epitope is unspecified, and LMNA includes isoforms and processed forms (UniProt P02545: isoforms, processing). | Report the rim as LMNA pattern only; require evidence of antibody specificity for the relevant form before assigning prelamin A accumulation (UniProt P02545: processing; standard IHC practice). |
Experiment evidence
IHC & IF images showing LMNA staining
M00438-6 · IHCIHC analysis of Lamin A+C/LMNA using anti-Lamin A+C/LMNA antibody (M00438-6). Lamin A+C/LMNA was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of
M00438-6 · IHCIHC analysis of Lamin A+C/LMNA using anti-Lamin A+C/LMNA antibody (M00438-6). Lamin A+C/LMNA was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of
PB9280 · IHCIHC analysis of Lamin A/C using anti-Lamin A/C antibody (PB9280). Lamin A/C was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of Mouse Intestine t
PB9280 · IHCIHC analysis of Lamin A/C using anti-Lamin A/C antibody (PB9280). Lamin A/C was detected in a paraffin-embedded section of Rat Intestine tis
PB9280 · IFIF analysis of Lamin A/C using anti-Lamin A/C antibody (PB9280). Lamin A/C was detected in immunocytochemical section of A431 cells. Enzyme
M00438-8 · IHCHuman liver was stained with anti-Lamin A/C rabbit antibody
M00438-8 · IHCMouse liver was stained with anti-Lamin A/C rabbit antibody
PA1103 · IHCAnti-Lamin A+C antibody, PA1103, IHC(P) IHC(P): Rat Intestine Tissue
PA1103 · IHCAnti-Lamin A+C antibody, PA1103, IHC(P) IHC(P): Human Lung Cancer Tissue
M00438-5 · IFImmunofluorescent analysis using the Antibody at 1:50 dilution.
HPA · Cerebral cortexHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Cerebral cortex. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000160789-LMNA/tissue/cerebral+cortex#imid_1433516
HPA · ColonHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Colon. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000160789-LMNA/tissue/colon#imid_1433450
HPA · LiverHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Liver. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000160789-LMNA/tissue/liver#imid_1433435
HPA · KidneyHuman Protein Atlas IHC, Kidney. Source: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000160789-LMNA/tissue/kidney#imid_1433444
HPA · ICC-IF HaCaTHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HaCaT, antibody HPA006523; green = LMNA, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
HPA · ICC-IF HaCaTHuman Protein Atlas immunofluorescence, HaCaT, antibody HPA006523; green = LMNA, blue = nucleus, red = microtubules.
← swipe / scroll for more images →
Real IHC / IF data behind the staining-pattern expectations in this section.
Sample controls for LMNA IHC & IF
🧪Run adipose tissue first and assess nuclear staining in adipocytes (HPA: High in adipocytes; UniProt P02545: nuclear lamina and envelope). HPA detects LMNA in all 45 scored tissues, so there is no negative tissue; use no-primary and isotype controls, and treat empty lipid spaces and any enucleated erythrocytes on the positive slide as background checks rather than calling nucleated cells negative (HPA: no negative rows; standard IHC practice).
Positive control tissue: Adipose tissue (Adipocytes, HPA High)
Negative control tissue: None in HPA: LMNA is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead.
ICC-IF cell lines (HPA subcellular resource): HPA ICC-IF images show LMNA in HaCaT, PC-3, U2OS, with annotated localisation: Nuclear speckles (supported) (HPA subcellular).
Technical controls: Run a secondary-only control and a concentration-matched mouse IgG isotype control alongside an LMNA knockout sample processed in parallel, if available (selected-SKU caption: mouse primary and anti-mouse HRP secondary; standard IHC practice). Quench endogenous peroxidase before HRP/DAB detection and check pigment in any blood-containing areas (selected-SKU caption: HRP/DAB; standard IHC practice).
⚠️Feasibility: No target-specific fixation window or fixation effect is reported, and the selected-SKU paraffin-section caption does not state the fixative (selected-SKU caption). The demonstrated IHC condition uses heat retrieval in EDTA at pH 8.0, followed by 2 μg/ml primary overnight at 4°C; the supplied evidence does not establish that frozen sections or IF are easier (selected-SKU caption). In adipose sections, extracted lipid leaves empty spaces and adipocyte nuclei can be peripheral, so score staining in identifiable nuclei; HPA ICC-IF images support nuclear speckles in HaCaT, PC-3 and U2OS, but provide no tissue IF protocol (HPA: adipocytes High; HPA subcellular: nuclear speckles; standard paraffin-section practice).
HPA tissue IHC evidence for LMNA
Comprehensive Human Protein Atlas IHC scoring per tissue (reliability: Supported — High consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.). Rows are taken directly from the HPA tissue chart — click any row's HPA link to view the source.
Positive expression · recommended positive controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | Adipocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Adrenal gland | Glandular cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Appendix | Endocrine cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Bone marrow | Hematopoietic cells | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
| Breast | Adipocytes | High | Protein (IHC) | HPA → |
Undetected expression · recommended negative controls
| Tissue | Cell type | Level | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None in HPA: LMNA is detected in all 45 scored tissues. Use a no-primary (secondary-only) and an isotype control instead. | ||||
Section 3
Advanced LMNA IHC Tips
Troubleshoot LMNA staining in paraffin sections by checking nuclear localization, retrieval, antibody specificity, and scoring against matched tissue controls.
Which retrieval conditions should I try when LMNA nuclear rims are weak?
Start with heat-mediated retrieval in EDTA, pH 8.0 (datasheet M00438-6). The selected paraffin-section example used that condition before overnight incubation with 2 μg/ml antibody at 4°C (datasheet M00438-6). Compare retrieved and unretrieved sections from the same block, keeping detection and development constant, to judge whether retrieval improves nuclear-rim contrast (standard IHC practice; HPA: distinct nuclear membrane expression). If staining remains weak, test a different retrieval buffer or heating duration on adjacent sections as a fallback, while checking tissue preservation and background (standard IHC practice). Score improvement at the nuclear envelope rather than by total brown signal (UniProt P02545 localization; standard IHC practice).
Could fixation explain weak or uneven LMNA staining in paraffin sections?
Target-specific LMNA sensitivity to fixation is unknown from the supplied evidence; the selected paraffin-section caption does not state a fixative (datasheet M00438-6). Record the fixative and fixation duration for each specimen, then compare similarly processed sections before attributing a weak nuclear rim to biology (standard IHC practice; UniProt P02545 localization). Check that nuclei remain intact and that staining is consistent in well-preserved regions away from folds and damaged edges (standard IHC practice). If processing differs across samples, run a matched control through the same retrieval and chromogenic workflow before comparing staining intensity (standard IHC practice). Do not infer fixation tolerance from the reported tissue distribution (HPA: tissue IHC profile).
How should I assess LMNA staining outside a clear nuclear rim?
A distinct nuclear membrane pattern is the tissue-IHC reference, while LMNA is also annotated at the nuclear lamina, envelope, nucleoplasm, matrix, and speckles (HPA: tissue IHC profile; UniProt P02545 localization). Evaluate each compartment against nuclear morphology and a hematoxylin counterstain; diffuse cytoplasmic brown signal alone warrants a background check (standard IHC practice; UniProt P02545 localization). The protein has no transmembrane segment, so a cell-surface membrane pattern is not the expected interpretation (UniProt P02545 topology). Examine adjacent, well-preserved nuclei before calling a punctate nuclear pattern abnormal, because nuclear speckles are a supported IF location (HPA: subcellular profile). Record rim and intranuclear staining separately when they differ across regions (standard IHC practice).
Can this stain distinguish prelamin A from mature lamin A or lamin C?
Do not assign precursor or isoform identity from this IHC stain without an epitope map and a matching specificity control (standard IHC practice; UniProt P02545: six isoforms). LMNA has isoforms A, C, ADelta10, 4, 5, and 6, and precursor processing removes the terminal region during maturation (UniProt P02545 isoforms and processing). An antibody against a shared region could detect multiple forms, whereas an epitope confined to a processed segment could change what is visible; the supplied caption does not identify the epitope (UniProt P02545 processing; datasheet M00438-6). Use a documented isoform-specific reagent or orthogonal assay before labeling stained nuclei as prelamin-A positive (standard IHC practice).
How can I investigate LMNA localization with a separate IF assay?
For a separate IF assay, pair LMNA with a validated marker of the cell type being evaluated, such as adipocytes in adipose tissue, and inspect overlap at the single-cell level (HPA: high in adipocytes; standard IF practice). Choose spectrally separated fluorophores and assess unstained tissue autofluorescence before selecting the LMNA detection channel (standard IF practice). Because the lamina lies on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, permeabilize fixed cells or sections sufficiently for an antibody to reach the epitope, then check that nuclear architecture remains intact (UniProt P02545 function; standard IF practice). Nuclear speckles are also reported in IF, so record rim and intranuclear signals separately (HPA: supported nuclear speckles).
What should I check when brown staining obscures LMNA nuclear rims?
Run a no-primary control and inspect whether brown signal follows tissue edges, folds, or damaged regions rather than intact nuclear outlines (standard IHC practice; HPA: distinct nuclear membrane expression). In the selected paraffin-section example, the tissue received 10% goat serum blocking and peroxidase-linked secondary detection with DAB (datasheet M00438-6). Check peroxidase blocking, secondary-antibody specificity, wash stringency, and DAB development time when background persists; these are general chromogenic workflow controls (standard IHC practice). Keep the primary concentration at the documented 2 μg/ml as a starting point, then titrate against a matched positive section if nuclear contrast remains poor (datasheet M00438-6; standard IHC practice).
How should I score LMNA IHC across regions with different cell densities? ⚠ ANSWER MARKED FOR VERIFICATION
Define the cell population and tissue regions before scoring, then count nuclei with an interpretable envelope and record the percentage showing a distinct rim (standard IHC practice; HPA: distinct nuclear membrane expression). If intensity is reproducible, an H-score can summarize the percentage at each staining grade; keep the grading thresholds and DAB development consistent across sections (standard IHC practice). For spatial comparisons, report positive nuclei per mm² alongside the total eligible nuclei per mm², so density changes do not masquerade as expression changes (standard IHC practice). Normalize comparisons to eligible nuclei within the same annotated cell type and exclude necrotic or poorly preserved areas (standard IHC practice).
When is a positive LMNA signal likely to be artefactual?
Treat staining as convincing when brown signal outlines intact nuclei in the expected cell population and the no-primary control is clean (HPA: distinct nuclear membrane expression; standard IHC practice). A dominant cell-surface or diffuse cytoplasmic pattern conflicts with the annotated nuclear locations and should prompt review of antibody specificity and background (UniProt P02545 localization and topology; standard IHC practice). Edge-only staining, necrotic regions, and signal present in the no-primary control can reflect section artefact or endogenous enzyme activity (standard IHC practice). Interpret reduced rim staining against matched well-preserved cells, because precursor accumulation can vary with age and disease in arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (UniProt P02545 tissue specificity; standard IHC practice).
Boster reagents
Best LMNA / Prelamin-A/C IHC Antibodies
Anti-LMNA antibodies have IHC images from human, mouse and rat paraffin sections, plus IF images from cultured cells and an unspecified sample (catalog image captions).
Real IHC data
Anti-Lamin A+C/LMNA Antibody ® (monoclonal, 5F3C12)
Cat # M00438-6
Real IHC data
Anti-Lamin A+C/LMNA Antibody ®
Cat # PB9280
Real IHC data
Anti-Lamin A/C Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M00438-8
Real IHC data
Anti-Lamin A + C/LMNA Antibody ®
Cat # PA1103
Real IF data
Anti-Lamin A/C Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Cat # M00438-5
M00438-6 shows human laryngeal carcinoma IHC, PB9280 shows mouse intestine IHC, and M00438-8 shows human liver IHC (catalog image captions). PA1103 shows rat intestine IHC, while M00438-5 has an IF image whose sample is unspecified (catalog image captions).
Which to pick: For tissue IHC, choose M00438-6 for human paraffin sections or PB9280 for mouse paraffin sections; their captions report EDTA retrieval at pH 8.0, and neither reports a fixative (M00438-6 and PB9280 IHC image captions). For IF/ICC, PB9280 has documented A431 and NIH3T3 cell images at 2 µg/ml; M00438-5 is a rabbit monoclonal with an IF image at 1:50, but its sample is unspecified (PB9280 IF image captions; M00438-5 catalog and IF image caption). For cross-species tissue IHC, PB9280 has human, mouse and rat paraffin-section images and lists reactivity with all three species (PB9280 IHC image captions; PB9280 catalog).
Each figure is that product's own IHC / IF validation image from its datasheet.
References
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry P02545 (LMNA_HUMAN, Prelamin-A/C).
- Human Protein Atlas. LMNA tissue IHC expression (reliability: Supported).
- Human Protein Atlas. LMNA subcellular location (ICC-IF): Localized to the nuclear speckles..
- Human Protein Atlas. LMNA antibody validation summary (3 antibodies).
- Novel targets identified by integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis in spermatogenesis of swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Scientific reports 2020 — PMC7515895.
- Unraveling gene expression profiles in peripheral motor nerve from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: insights into pathogenesis. Scientific reports 2016 — PMC5159906.
- Lamin A/C Maintains Exocrine Pancreas Homeostasis by Regulating Stability of RB and Activity of E2F. Gastroenterology 2018 — PMC5927841.
- Lamin A/C and emerin regulate MKL1-SRF activity by modulating actin dynamics. Nature 2013 — PMC3666313.
- PubMed PMID:3453101 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:3462705 — UniProt-cited evidence.
- PubMed PMID:16061563 — UniProt-cited evidence.
Immunohistochemistry protocol sheet for LMNA (Prelamin-A/C). Expected localisation Nuclear membrane in tissue (HPA tissue IHC). Antigen retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 HIER, heat-mediated (datasheet M00438-6). Validated IHC antibody: M00438-6 at 2-5 µg/ml (the product's own IHC validation image is shown). Controls (HPA): positive Adipose tissue (Adipocytes); negative None in HPA (detected in all 45 tissues); use no-primary + isotype controls. IHC-P workflow on paraffin sections; fixative unspecified. Protocol steps: 1. Sample: Paraffin-embedded human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue; fixative not specified (datasheet M00438-6); 2. Fixation: Image fixative and duration unreported (datasheet M00438-6); verify before use.; 3. Sectioning: 4–5 µm sections on charged slides (standard); 4. Deparaffinisation: Xylene, graded ethanol series to water (standard); 5. Antigen retrieval: Heat retrieval: EDTA pH 8.0 (datasheet M00438-6); 20 min, 95–100 °C (standard); 6. Peroxidase block: 3% H2O2, 10 min , room temperature (standard); 7. Blocking: 10% goat serum (datasheet M00438-6); 8. Primary antibody: Mouse monoclonal (clone 5F3C12) anti-LMNA, 2-5 µg/ml (datasheet M00438-6); 9. Primary incubation: Overnight at 4 °C (datasheet M00438-6). Watch for: Fixation: Matched tissue-IHC evidence does not establish the fixation claim. Validate the specimen-specific method before use. (selected-SKU IHC image M00438-6); Caveat: Prelamin-A/C can accumulate in aged arterial VSMCs (UniProt); Isoform / epitope: 6 isoforms; C-terminal processing may change epitope coverage (UniProt); Regulation: Oxidative stress can lower ZMPSTE24 (UniProt). Evidence: UniProt P02545, HPA tissue IHC · Supported, HPA ICC-IF · nuclear speckles., Datasheet M00438-6, PMC5159906. QR code links to https://www.bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/LMNA/immunohistochemistry-ihc-guide.