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- Table of Contents
Facts about 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta.
Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. .
Human | |
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Gene Name: | YWHAZ |
Uniprot: | P63104 |
Entrez: | 7534 |
Belongs to: |
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14-3-3 family |
1433 zeta; 14-3-3 zeta; KCIP-1; KCIP-1MGC126532,14-3-3-zeta; MGC111427; MGC138156; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, deltapolypeptide; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zetapolypeptide; YWHAZ; zeta polypeptide
Mass (kDA):
27.745 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 8q22.3 |
Sequence: | 8; NC_000008.11 (100916523..100954068, complement) |
Cytoplasm. Melanosome. Located to stage I to stage IV melanosomes.
YWHAZ is a surrogate indicator for chronic inflammation in humans. DYWHAZ levels in urine are a metric of chronic inflammation in humans. Here, we'll review some of the best uses of YWHAZ marker in Boster Bio. Its role in treating RA is covered in this article. The article will outline the benefits and limitations of the YWHAZ marker.
The secretory protein YWHAZ has therapeutic implications for RA. It is found in synovial tissues and triggers both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in T cells cultured in addition to macrophages. Ywhaz is also associated with a positive therapeutic response to adjuvant treatment. It has been proven to increase the levels of urine and serum in patients with RA. This surrogate marker can be used to help determine how effective a treatment is.
While CRP is an excellent indicator of inflammation, it lacks specificity for a specific disease. Patients suffering from obesity and concurrent illnesses have elevated CRP levels. The erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) are not specific and could result in false negative results. It also is slow to respond to acute phase reactions, leading to false-negative results during the initial stages of the disease. Additionally, these two markers lack sensitivity when used in patients with limited involvement of small joints and mostly lower limbs. To determine the clinical significance of YWHAZ further research is required to determine its prognostic value.
A comprehensive analysis of synovial transcriptomes that are dynamic reveals a variety of previously unknown antiarthritic proteins. Ywhaz Itgb1, Itgb1 and Rps3 are also potential markers of RA that can be used as surrogates. These genes could be therapeutic targets for chronic inflammation arthritis. The researchers also note that YWHAZ is a key therapeutic target for RA.
Additionally, Ywhaz may inhibit the production of the inflammatory and cytokines. This antiinflammatory gene could be a potential diagnostic option for RA. Ad-Ywhaz inhibits the production proinflammatory cytokines within synovial tissue of mice. While these genes are associated with inflammation Researchers believe that these molecules could be capable of functioning as markers that can be used as a substitute for RA.
The increased CVD risk among RA patients is related to the activity of the disease, systemic inflammation, and traditional CVD risk factors. In addition, combating these risk factors could improve treatment outcomes and decrease RA-related CVD. Patients with RA need a more comprehensive CVD prevention program. If YWHAZ could be used as a marker to determine the presence of RA and could be the first step toward determining whether the disease is affecting the heart and the arteries.
CXCL13 is not a biomarker for RA. However studies have demonstrated that CXCL13 levels are significantly higher in patients suffering from the disease than healthy controls. Additionally, CXCL13 has been found to be increased in both seropositive and non-seropositive RA which suggests that it could play in a way to diagnose. However, more research is needed to determine if CXCL13 is a reliable indicator of RA.
YWHAZ, which stands for hemozyme Y-Wheat which is an extremely conserved gene that is found in all tissues. It is strongly associated with PCa47, but its role as a prognostic factor is unclear. However, high expression of YWHAZ is associated with lower patient outcomes. The clinical pathological parameters of PCa include the size, grade, location, and many other variables.
When expressed in human cells, YWHAZ shows a high levels of expression in gastric cancer. YWHAZ is an adapter protein of the 14-3-3 family and mediates signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. Its expression is directly linked to the outcome of the disease and the proliferation of gastric tumor cells. YWHAZ expression may be a predictor of gastric cancer.
YWHAZ mutational map analysis reveals changes in DNA repair genes in patients suffering from PCa. Additionally, YWHAZ is an independent strong predictor of aggression. The authors' statistical methods included Fisher's exact test to determine the significance of genetic changes. To ensure statistical significance the P value was set to 0.05. The landscape of mutations in YWHAZ is complex and requires careful analysis to pinpoint the most important variants.
The YWHAZ gene is part of the adenovirus family of genes and plays a significant function in many important cell processes. Its expression is dramatically increased in cancerous ovarian cells. A high concentration of YWHAZ was associated to a good TNM stage, metastasis-free prognosis, as well as a good TNM stage. Moreover, silencing of YWHAZ decreased the proliferation of tumor cells and their migration. This study provides valuable insight into the molecular function and biology of ovarian cancer's YWHAZ gene.
YWHAZ and stratifin are the four most specific and sensitive biomarkers for cancer with the highest AUC. Stratifin and S100-A7 were confirmed to be overexpressed in a variety of HNSCC tumors as well as YWHAZ being the most sensitive and specificity. However, there are many factors that could influence the expression levels of these biomarkers.
The YWHAZ gene plays a significant role in the development of stem-like characteristics in ovarian cancer, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. Due to these functions, it could be a target for ovarian cancer treatment. MiR-375 is also a master regulator of tumor growth. It is unclear what role miR-375 plays in ccRCC's biological function however, it has been demonstrated to suppress the growth of tumors in various malignancies.
The YWHAZ gene has been linked to a variety of cancers of various types. Although the role it plays in cervical cancer isn't clear, it is known to promote autophagy and inhibit cell proliferation in vece the inhibie tvowevypoods yln of YWHAZ was ctouchat growth. It iresearc duri the ditudy provmanyinked eh the ent illnn toledg the ditud.
PMID: 1577711 by Zupan L.A., et al. Cloning and expression of a human 14-3-3 protein mediating phospholipolysis. Identification of an arachidonoyl-enzyme intermediate during catalysis.
PMID: 9512661 by Seluja G.A., et al. Two unique 5' untranslated regions in mRNAs encoding human 14-3-3 zeta: differential expression in hemopoietic cells.