This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
- Table of Contents
8 Citations 17 Q&As
8 Citations 16 Q&As
Facts about Allograft inflammatory factor 1.
Binds calcium. Plays a role in RAC signaling and in phagocytosis.
Human | |
---|---|
Gene Name: | AIF1 |
Uniprot: | P55008 |
Entrez: | 199 |
Belongs to: |
---|
No superfamily |
AIF1; AIF-1; AIF-1IRT1; allograft inflammatory factor 1; G1; IBA1; IBA1Em:AF129756.17; IbaI; interferon gamma responsive transcript; Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; IRT1; IRT-1; Protein G1
Mass (kDA):
16.703 kDA
Human | |
---|---|
Location: | 6p21.33 |
Sequence: | 6; NC_000006.12 (31615212..31617015) |
Detected in T-lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell projection, ruffle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cell projection, phagocytic cup. Associated with the actin cytoskeleton at membrane ruffles and at sites of phagocytosis.
The AIF1 marker plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The value of its research applications has been extensively researched and it has also recently been validated in a variety of rodent strains, including humans. Its utility was further enhanced by the validation of primary antibodies that are polyclonal in human tissues. The use of the marker in multiple species is now possible with its potential use on the same platform. This offers many advantages in translational research.
Christopher Chin and his colleagues are the first to prove that AIF1 protects S. Cerevisiae from the effects of caspofungin on cell death. This is the first time that AIF1 is connected to the yeast cell death machinery. The results also demonstrate that the deletion of AIF1 in S. cerevisiae helps protect the yeast from drugs.
The gene AIF1 is essential for the regulation of the immune system. The activation of this protein through aldosterone may cause renal interstitial fibrosis. Aldosterone has been found to increase the speed of activation of PI3K and inhibiting PI3K reduced the proliferative response to aldosterone. This suggests that AIF1 may play a part in activating mTOR or AKT in diabetes patients.
The AIF1 gene is responsible for the secretion of allograft inflammatory factors (AIF1). It is produced by cells referred to as macrophages and fibroblasts and regulates the expression of various inflammatory mediators. It may also be involved in systemic sclerosis. It hasn't been confirmed that AIF1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.
AIF1 is the main cause of cell death, despite its importance in cancer and aging. AIF1 is usually found in the mitochondria under normal conditions. However, under metabolic stress it is released into the cytosol and then transferred into the nucleus. This protein is responsible for DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. The death of cells that are Caspases-independent is revealed by the expression level of phosphogamma-H2AX. The regulation of AIF1 is correlated with metabolic stress. AIF1 also interacts with CHCHD4 to regulate its activity.
AIF1 is a molecular marker often found in macrophages. AIF1 is most commonly used in the nervous system. However, it can also be used to detect macrophages within other tissues. AIF1 immunostaining showed high reproducibility across different species, including rodents and human. The use of this marker across species can reduce the inherent ambiguity of translational research. Here are a few examples of its usage.
AIF1 is activated by stimulation of the growth factor and is transferred to lamellipodia. In arteries that are damaged, AIF1 expression promotes intimal hyperplasia and boosts the vascular restenotic reaction. It has also been linked to vascular thrombosis, inflammasome-mediated injury, and inflammatory response. AIF1 expression is linked to inflammation which is a major contributor to the development and pathology of vascular disease.
The AIF1 protein has a calcium-binding and inflammation-responsive domain. This protein has been implicated in many diseases. However it was first identified in chronically rejecting cardiac allografts. Its function as an immune-suppressive factor is now being determined. AIF1v1 has not been investigated in breast cancer despite its importance. AIF1v1 in breast cancer has not yet been compared to AIF1v3.
In a study using human VSMCs, endogenous AIF-1 expression was induced through a 72-hour incubation period in T lymphocyte-conditioned medium. The cells were then exposed to 35S methionine, which marks cellular proteins. The resultant protein was coprecipitated and then incorporated actin, which confirms their interaction. The same thing was observed with human VSMCs.
In the cell context AIF-1 is colocalized with large F-actin bundles. It is also linked to lamellipodia, which are rich in actin binding and remodeling protein. Additionally, AIF-1 is believed to interact with Rac1 through Chemotactic stimulation. These colocalizations indicate involvement in the cytoskeletal signaling network. There are a myriad of uses for the AIF1 as a marker.
The metabolism of PUFAs including EPA is controlled by the AIF1 gene. The production of bioactive mediators is a key function of Omega-3 fatty acids. In turn, AIF1 could play a part in the process of inflammation. BRCAX immortalized LCLs were supplemented with EPA or a combination EPA and DHA. The AIF1-V1 gene expression was significantly reduced.
The AIF1 marker can be used to track microglial cells within the body. Studies have revealed that it enhances the proliferation of blood smooth muscle cells and T-lymphocytes. This marker is also useful for studying the effects of chemotherapy. While its purpose is not clear, it has been linked to various diseases , including diabetes, obesity and cancer. The AIF1 gene regulates the expression of several inflammatory mediators.
The reproducibility of AIF1 staining was proven in multiple species and tissues. The primary antibody, which is polyclonal and the use of which is confirmed by the study, increased the probability of detection in different species. Additionally the antibodies were dilute to limit background staining that was nonspecific. Alongside the improved reproducibility as well as the improved reproducibility of the AIF1 marker's potential use in the same platform may enhance translational research and facilitate the detection of disease-causing macrophages in humans.
These studies are the first to show the potential of AIF1-based treatments for breast cancer. AIF1v1v1v1 along with AIF1v3 are the key players in the interplay between the immune cells that invade and BC. This makes them targets for diagnostics as well as therapeutics. The AIF1 marker could prove useful in diagnosing and treating BC. This marker could be helpful in identifying early breast cancers.
The positive results of AIF1-based transfections of mRNA have been confirmed. The mRNAs encoded with AIF1 had higher levels of NO-production. This effect was reversed with co-transfection with AIF1 positive cells with AIF1 inhibitor siRNA. However the NO level was higher than that of the control transfections. This is an illustration of AIF1 being an important marker in diagnosing various diseases.
Researchers also discovered that AIF-1 is associated with the inflammatory status in macrophage cells. The study has also identified the potential role played by ADAM3 in regulating AIF-1 expression. Furthermore, the AIF1-targeted siRNA co-transfections protected macrophages from suffering Apoptosis. The researchers concluded that AIF-1 is crucial for the survival and growth of macrophage cells.
Research applied to the field is a subfield of research that aims to solve specific problems in order to improve productivity. Research that is applied is based on empirical evidence that can provide reliable research results. The applied research differs from theoretical research which aims to improve our understanding. It focuses on solving specific issues. In most cases, this research aims to improve the solution to a real-world problem. It employs empirical methods and is focused on describing the evidence that is empirical. The applied research is typically more relevant to real-world situations and practices.
The method of conducting research differs in each field. Some applied research aims to create new products or services by analyzing the market's needs and identifying solutions. Other types of applied research are focused on finding practical solutions to business problems. These include action research, evaluation research as well as research-and-development. While these approaches are different however, they all share the same goal of solving business-related issues. Research and development, for example, is an applied type of research that seeks to create new products and services as well as collect information about their effectiveness.
PMID: 8081366 by Albertella M.R., et al. Characterization of a novel gene in the human major histocompatibility complex that encodes a potential new member of the I kappa B family of proteins.
PMID: 7590964 by Holzinger I., et al. Cloning and genomic characterization of LST1: a new gene in the human TNF region.
*More publications can be found for each product on its corresponding product page