Integrin alpha-X Antibodies

Integrin alpha-X (ITGAX)

Integrin alpha-X/beta-2 is a receptor for fibrinogen. It recognizes the sequence G-P-R in fibrinogen.

It mediates cell-cell interaction during inflammatory reactions. It is especially important in monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis.

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	ITGAX
Uniprot:	P20702
Entrez:	3687

Family

Belongs to:
integrin alpha chain family

Alternative Names

95 alpha chain; 95; 95, alpha subunit; CD11 antigen-like family member C; CD11c antigen; CD11c; CD11Cleu M5, alpha subunit; Integrin alpha X; integrin alpha-X; integrin, alpha X (antigen CD11C (p150), alpha polypeptide); integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit); ITGAX; Leu M5; Leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein p150; Leukocyte adhesion receptor p150; leukocyte surface antigen p150; myeloid membrane antigen, alpha subunit; p150 95 integrin alpha chain; p150,95 alpha; SLEB6

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
127.829 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	16p11.2
Sequence:	16; NC_000016.10 (31355167..31382999)

Tissue Specificity

Predominantly expressed in monocytes and granulocytes.

Subcellular Localizations

Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.

Diseases

• Inflammation
• Tissue Adhesions
• Neoplasms
• Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
• Brain Injuries
• Hypertrophy
• Diphtheria
• Collecting Duct Carcinoma Of The Kidney
• Autoimmunity
• Sclerosis
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Hamman-rich Syndrome
• Melanoma

• Malignant Neoplasm Of Breast
• Cardiac Hypertrophy
• Airway Obstruction
• Infertility
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Carcinoma
• Diffuse Scleroderma

Interacting Proteins

• ITGB2

Pathways

• Neurogenesis
• Cell Adhesion
• Cell Activation
• Muscle Cell Migration
• Cell Migration
• Smooth Muscle Cell Migration
• Fertilization
• Aging
• T Cell Activation
• Localization

• Neuroprotection
• Tissue Remodeling
• Cell Growth
• Mating
• Pathogenesis

PTMs

• Disulfide bond

• Glycoprotein

Research Areas

• Dendritic Cell Markers
• Signal Transduction

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/ITGAX

Boster Bio Anti-CD11c/ITGAX Antibody Picoband

This article discusses the advantages of the Boster Bio Anti-CD11c/Itgax Picoband(tm) and how it can be used to better define the B-cell population. Understanding how B-cells function molecularly helps us understand them. Additionally it will help us detect specific subsets of B-cells.

Boster Bio Anti-CD11c/Itgax Antibody Picoband(tm)

Boster Bio Anti–CD11c/ITGAX Antibody Picoband (tm) reacts to Human, Mouse, and Rat BRCA1 protein. It has been validated in Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. This product binds the target proteins with high affinity unlike other anti-CD11c/Itgax antigens.

The precise definition of B-cell populations helps in understanding the molecular processes

Understanding the B-cell populations is essential in understanding how antigens influence them. Antibody-reactive cells may possess a long memory and continue to produce antibodies over months or even years. Some B-cells could be transformed into acutely lymphocytic lymphocytic (ALL), chronic lymphocytic (CLL), and other forms of lymphoma. These cells can be mature or immature and their cells could be similar to their precursors.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the production of antibodies and recognition of antigens can be assisted by identifying the B-cell population. B cells produce various antibody isotypes based on the antigen. Different kinds of B cells have different functional requirements. Their precise location is vital to the immune response. To get the most out of an immune system response, it is vital to distinguish B cells by identifying their antigens.

Understanding the B-cell population in a precise manner will help in understanding the molecular aspects of antibody production. B cells undergo mutations that increase the affinity of their receptors for the antigen. When antigens attach to B cells via this receptor, they undergo another cycle of growth and mutation. This process continues until a positive B-cell is created. The cell population is composed of the descendants of a few B-cells.

Understanding how B cells divide is crucial to understanding how they behave. Each B cell divides in up to 8 hours. B cells that are rapidly dividing centroblasts, also known as centroblasts, quickly reduce the expression of surface immunoglobulin. The rest of B cells, also known as centrocytes, grow at a slower rate. In the germinal central region, B cells can develop into memory cells, becoming memory B cells.

Understanding the immune system is the proper functioning of T cells and B cells. If their functions are impaired the immune system becomes unresponsive or even cancerous. Auto-immune diseases can be controlled by better understanding the immune system. An understanding of the B cell population can help improve testing and treatment methods. So, defining the B-cell population correctly is crucial in preventing auto-immune diseases.

Two kinds of activation may be achieved once B cells are activated: T-cell-independent or T cell dependent. The first produces antibodies in response to invader agents. The second is a more costly procedure, which requires extensive examination of a wide array of epitope candidates. However, the results prove that identifying the B-cell population accurately helps in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the immune system.

The immune system safeguards the body from infection. It works by identifying foreign agents and their antigens. These foreign agents may be bacteria that cause infection. When the antigens are present B-cells are transformed into plasma cells. They secrete large proteins, known as immunoglobulins. These antibodies attach to invader agents and entice defense molecules to the battlefield. They then send signals to other immune cells to fight the invading organism.

Detection of a subset B-cells

Using the ITGAX marker, researchers were able identify the B-cell subset that is distinct from other populations. These are usually non-classical memory B cells. These cells are home to the gene ITGAX. This gene is a binding partner for T-bet and CD11c-like protein. The presence of these cells has been linked with autoimmune diseases.

Mass cytometry is an excellent method to detect clusters of B-cells. The ITGAX marker is a marker that is able to recognize CD45+ Leukocytes that are living and carrying DNA. Mass cytometry also enables identification of clusters by using an unsupervised approach. These heatmaps present the results of hierarchically clustered analysis. The expression of each cluster's genes is averaged across all clusters.

Utilizing this marker, researchers could identify certain types of tumor cells that respond to immuno checkpoint therapy. These cells are often resistant due to the underlying causes. Based on publicly available single-cell sequencing data, researchers discovered that immune cell subtypes were significantly overrepresented in tumors that are not responding. The percentage of B-cell subsets in non-responding tumors was also lower.

The detection of a particular subset of T-cells using the ITGAX marker is an extremely accurate and precise way to differentiate naive and memory B-cells. CellTypist is also a valuable tool for identifying the three distinct subsets that comprise dendritic cells: DC1, DC2, and migration DCs. The marker also differentiates between these subsets of T-cells.

Utilizing this marker in blood sample allows researchers to examine a specific subset of B-cell-like cells with a single sample. The results of this study were compared with other methods that utilized a combination of gene and protein combinations. They were able to identify eight macrophage types in blood which included immune and inflammatory cells.

This study demonstrated that the ITGAX gene is responsible for identifying the TREM2hi B-cell population, which is high in non-responders to specific immunotherapy. Additionally, TREM2hi Mph overexpress the pro-inflammatory protein IDO1 and a myriad of inflammatory markers. However, more research is required before the phenotyping of B cells in blood samples can be confirmed.

The ITGAX marker could also be used to detect TEMRA cells. These cells are isolated from lymph nodes, gut, and other tissues. These cells also possess CCR9 chemokine receptors and CX3CR1 regulators of chemokines. If exposed to an antigen CDC2s are able to move into the T-cell zone , where they prime T cells that are CD4+. This is done by the CCR7 chemokine receptor.

Multitissue analysis can be very efficient in identifying a subset of B cells. It utilizes a standard reference dataset and tissue-integrated expression analysis and antigen receptor sequencing to detect B-cells. It is quick and easy to use and requires very little resources. It is a great instrument for researchers trying to identify a subset B-cells.