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- Table of Contents
7 Citations 4 Q&As
1 Citations 11 Q&As
4 Citations 16 Q&As
Facts about Leukemia inhibitory factor.
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Human | |
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Gene Name: | LIF |
Uniprot: | P15018 |
Entrez: | 3976 |
Belongs to: |
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LIF/OSM family |
CDF; D Factor; DIA; differentiation inhibitory activity; differentiation stimulating factor; Differentiation-stimulating factor; Emfilermin; HILDA; HILDAcholinergic differentiation factor; leukemia inhibitory factor (cholinergic differentiation factor); leukemia inhibitory factor; LIF; Melanoma-derived LPL inhibitor; MLPLI
Mass (kDA):
22.008 kDA
Human | |
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Location: | 22q12.2 |
Sequence: | 22; NC_000022.11 (30240453..30257487, complement) |
Secreted.
What are the best uses of the LIF Marker This article will provide the most important functions of the LIF marker. This article will explain the role of the IL6 Cytokine in the determination of the efficacy of antibiotic therapy for leukemia. We'll also discuss the IL6 cytokine and its role in determining whether patients require mechanical ventilation.
A potential contraceptive vaccine that is an immunocontraceptive agent against leukemia inhibitory factors (LIF), is a promising possibility for the development. LIF is a member of the interleukin-6 family of proteins. LIF is required for embryo development and blastocyst implants. A recent study proved that LIF can be targeted in the development of contraceptive vaccines.
LIF is produced by your immune system and plays a vital role in combating COVID-19. This drug is capable of preventing the development of disease as soon as it is the administration and is anticipated to speed recovery regardless of the patient's health status. This antigen is able of preventing the progression of disease and has been proven to be effective in fighting COVID-19, which is a prevalent form of leukemia.
This monoclonal antibody targets LIF and inhibits its signaling. It works by reducing STAT3 and LIF kinase function. This antibody also hinders the production pro-inflammatory cytokines that are essential for the development and treatment of leukemia. The monoclonal antibody also impedes the development and progression of several types of cancer and enhances the immune system's response against anti-tumor agents.
The Anti-Leukemia inhibitory Factor (LI-F) antibody from Boster Bio is tested in ELISA and IHC assays. Its titer was reduced by four orders of magnitude in animals suffering from leukemia which indicates its effectiveness. Additionally the antibody is characterized by its low hydrophobicity, its low propensity to self-interaction and low thermal stability.
The drug is expected to be in the clinic in the middle of 2021. Biond has submitted an IND for BND-22. Biond will carry out an initial phase 1a study of BND-22 as a single therapy or in combination with other cancer therapies such as chemotherapy. Sanofi will handle phase two development of the drug. The immunotherapy is an epitope-specific inhibitor of the Leukemia inhibitory protein (LIF).
The IL6 cytokine and LIF marker both activate the JAK/STAT pathway. In their turn, these two cytokines encourage cell proliferation and differentiation. The inhibition of one of these factors might not be as effective as attacking the other. Researchers have discovered a drug which simultaneously blocks both factors. This drug is called ruxolitinib. It's already received FDA approval to treat the hematological conditions.
The discovery of the biology of IL-6 began in 1973. Researchers at Chugai Pharmaceutical discovered that the soluble factor produced by T cells plays a role in the production by B cells of antibodies. This protein was cloned the researchers to allow new therapeutic possibilities. They discovered that IL-6 is involved in many roles in the development of autoimmune diseases. The company created inhibitors to stop the IL-6 pathway.
When studying the liver, IL-6 is closely connected to acute phase reactions. These immune responses enhance innate immunity, and reduce damage to tissues. Acute phase reaction can affect liver proteins such as C-reactive and serum amyloid. It stimulates phagocytosis and the production of IL-6 is increased. fibrinogen. Acute-phase reactions are often associated with fever, high levels glucocorticoid and elevated ESR (Essential sodium requirement).
The median levels of IL-6 found in the serum and plasma of patients undergoing cardiac surgery are presented in Table 1. Table 1 shows that the peak level of IL-6 levels in serum and plasma of patients undergoing cardiac surgery is significantly higher in group 2 than the group 1. However there is no evidence of a significant correlation. It is important to remember that LIF does not replace the clinical evaluation.
The study's findings showed a decrease in the total days of treatment with antibiotics in patients suffering from immunosuppressive disorders and a lower 28-day mortality rate than conventional PCT. The reason for this reduction is not fully understood, but could be attributed to lower antibiotic-associated side effects or improved therapeutic monitoring. Patients with febrile neutropenia or bone marrow transplants were omitted from the study. The LIF marker cutoff level was set at 0.5 ng/mL. This resulted in a 52 percent sensitivity, 75% specificity, and a 52% specificity.
The PRORATA study used the LIF marker to aid in PCT in IPF patients. The primary result of the study was lower costs for antibiotics. It also decreased the duration of treatment for IPF. The main issue with the study was the small sample size, which could be a major limitation. The study had mixed results. However, the results suggest that an antibiotic-guided PCT is superior to standard treatment.
Future RCTs should consider larger patient populations and more diverse environments. The growing complexity of infectious diseases and the wide range of infections pose challenges to doctors. It is important to evaluate the evidence and assess the significance of biomarkers. We need to determine the real benefit of antibiotic therapy through studying its effect on the kind and duration of treatment. The most reliable evidence suggests shorter, more frequent antibiotic courses and a shorter duration of antibiotic therapy.
The study found that PCT can enhance the clinical outcomes of patients with urinary tract infection. While PCT cannot substitute for effective antibiotics, it could be a valuable adjunct to medical decision-making. To decide which antibiotic to prescribe, doctors must take into consideration the patient's clinical severity and medical history. Despite the limitations of the study, it is an exciting step in the direction of reducing antibiotic usage.
Recent COVID-19 patient studies have demonstrated that serum levels CRP and IL-6 may indicate the need for mechanical ventilation. However, these markers are not considered to be definitive indicators of respiratory failure. In fact the elevated levels of IL-6 can promote inflammation in the airways distal to the lungs which is a serious complication of the disease. Further research is needed to determine the exact role of these cytokines.
Researchers looked at the CRP levels of 40 patients with COVID-19 infection to determine if they were effective. 13 of the patients required mechanical ventilation. The time between hospitalization and the intubation time ranged from less than 2 hours to nine days. Intubation was on average two days. Patients who required mechanical ventilation performed well regardless of age, comorbidity or radiologic findings.
These data were derived by electronic databases of departments of pathology and were augmented by data from the Mount Sinai Data Warehouse. The IL6 cytokine was a strong predictor for the need to mechanical ventilation in patients suffering from CF. The results on cytokine levels ought to be used to guide treatment decisions. Furthermore, the data could help to design optimal clinical trials and identify those at risk.
Although the levels of IL-6 are a reliable predictor of survival, they are not directly related to age or body weight index or a wide range other indicators. Patients who had lower levels of IL-8 and TNF-a, an inflammation marker and a marker of inflammation, had a lower survival rate than those with higher levels. Additionally, IL-6 and TNF were associated with mortality. However, this association was less apparent when you take into account race and ethnicity.
PMID: 3143918 by Moreau J.-F., et al. Leukaemia inhibitory factor is identical to the myeloid growth factor human interleukin for DA cells.
PMID: 2475312 by Lowe D.G., et al. Genomic cloning and heterologous expression of human differentiation- stimulating factor.
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