CD14 Antibodies

Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (CD14)

Coreceptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (PubMed:1698311, PubMed:23264655). In concert with LBP, binds to monomeric lipopolysaccharide and provides it to the LY96/TLR4 complicated, thereby mediating the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:20133493, PubMed:23264655).

Acts via MyD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:8612135). Acts as a coreceptor for TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer in response to diacylated lipopeptides and for TLR2:TLR1 heterodimer in response to triacylated lipopeptides, these clusters activate signaling from the cell surface and then are targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway (PubMed:16880211).

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CD14
Uniprot:	P08571
Entrez:	929

Family

Belongs to:
No superfamily

Alternative Names

CD14 antigen; CD14 molecule; CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14; Myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
40.076 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	5q31.3
Sequence:	5; NC_000005.10 (140631728..140633701, complement)

Tissue Specificity

Detected on macrophages (at protein level) (PubMed:1698311). Expressed strongly on the surface of monocytes and weakly on the surface of granulocytes; also expressed by most tissue macrophages.

Subcellular Localizations

Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. Secreted. Membrane raft. Golgi apparatus. Secreted forms may arise by cleavage of the GPI anchor.

Diseases

• Inflammation
• Leukemia
• Tissue Adhesions
• Systemic Infection
• Inflammatory Response
• Infective Disorder
• Neoplasms
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Myeloid Leukemia
• Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute
• Hiv Infections
• Septic Shock
• Asthma

• Bacterial Infections
• Arthritis
• Innate Immune Response
• Atherosclerosis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
• Pneumonia

Interacting Proteins

• FSTL1

Pathways

• Secretion
• Immune Response
• Pathogenesis
• Cytokine Production
• Inflammatory Response
• Cell Activation
• Phagocytosis
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Proliferation
• Innate Immune Response
• Cell Adhesion
• Cell Cycle
• Cell Death

• Monocyte Activation
• Localization
• Sensitization
• Monocyte Differentiation
• Cytokine Secretion
• Virulence
• Endocytosis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation
• Cleavage
• Glycosylation
• Acetylation
• Methylation
• Reduction
• Dephosphorylation
• Biotinylation
• Nitration
• Acylation

• Gpi Anchoring
• Oxidation
• Hydroxylation
• Iodination
• Demethylation
• Phosphorothioation
• Ribosylation
• Deglycosylation
• Myristoylation
• Formylation

Research Areas

• Apoptosis
• Asthma
• Cancer
• Cell Biology
• Immunology

• Innate Immunity
• Myeloid Cell Markers
• Stem Cell Markers

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CD14

Best Uses Of The CD14 Marker

The best uses of CD14 as a co-receptor to bacterial lipopolysaccharide are numerous. These applications include studies on the effects of antibiotics on bacterial growth. In addition, researchers can use the marker in a wide variety of other applications. Boster scientists can submit their findings for species-specific samples, applications and product credit. These results are available to all scientists around the world and are valid.

CD14 is a central receptor for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide

In recent years, scientists have discovered that CD14 is a crucial component of the bacteriophage-phage response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. This protein is a glycolipid of 54 000 MW. It is an anchor membrane glycoprotein and functions as a component of the lipopolysaccharide receiver complex. Furthermore, CD14 is also present in cerebrospinal, plasma and amniotic fluid and is associated with the regulation of T and B-cell functions. Though CD14 has yet to be examined in male reproductive organs, it is believed to exist in seminal plasma at a concentration comparable to serum. CD14 is also expressed by spermatozoa in their reproductive organs.

This protein is found in neutrophils and monocytes. It is also present in a soluble form in the serum. The soluble form of CD14 confers pathogen-responseness on these cells, and enhances the responses of mCD14 to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. It is also crucial to ensure the proper functioning of Toll-like receptor 4, the primary membrane-signaling protein that mammals sense infection.

This monoclonal antibody reacts to human CD14. It is FITC-conjugated and verified by flow cytometry. It is available as a Liquid version in bottles of 100 ml. It is not a specific antibody but can detect bacterial lipidopolysaccharides if there are either peptides or lipopolysaccharides.

This antibody blocks KC activation. It also hinders the synthesis of inflammatory proteins and reduces CD14 levels of protein. In addition, it regulates the expression of CD14 mRNA. This study suggests that CD14 is a key player in LPS recognition. It also lowers the production of TNF, an immune system signal. immune system when LPS hits the immune cells.

The results suggest that genetic variation in CD14 plays a critical role in the pneumococcal vaccination process and middle ear disease defense throughout the early years of childhood. It is also likely to influence other immune-mediated outcomes during the early years of life. Researchers found that CD14 promoter genotype is linked to higher levels of antibodies specific to the pneumococcal vaccine in the early years of childhood.

Cathelicidins are a peptide which is a bacteriophage that binds to CD14 receptors. The product peptide has potent antibacterial with immunomodulatory properties. However the production of cathelicidins by humans is limited due to the presence of mice with mCRAMP deficiency.

TLRs are known to trigger B cell expansion and differentiation, resulting in the production of antibodies as well as memory cells. TLR2 and TLR7/8 receptors which are responsible for CD25 and CCR7 expansion and differentiation, are the TLRs agonists. These ligands are poorly understood in porcine B cell.

Many methods have been employed to create nanoparticles coated with membranes the detection of bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharides. Electroporation is just one method. This preserves the functional structure of the membrane and receptor proteins. The results were extremely successful in identifying bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

It acts as a co-receptor to detect the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide

CD14 is an important component of the innate immune system. The receptor is expressed in two forms, one anchored into the membrane by its glycosylphosphatidylinositol tail, and the other soluble. CD14 is a receptor for bacterial Lipopolysaccharide and recognizes many other pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

This antibody recognizes bacterial Lipopolysaccharides through interactions with CD14. CD14 was first detected on the surface of human monocytes in 1981. The soluble form CD14 was isolated from serum in 1985. Both forms of CD14 serve as receptors for LPS-binding proteins complexes. They also mediate cell responses.

When cells recognize the LPS molecule, transmembrane proteins recognize it and signal to other cells. However, the two other models believe that LPS receptors are multi-component receptors and CD14 is a major player in binding to LPS. CD14 is an important component of LPS detection. However transmembrane signaling needs other proteins.

The process of colonization begins when bacteria interface with ECM bone cells, ECM and plasma proteins. This competitive binding capability inhibits invasion. In the end bacteria release an endotoxin , also known as LPS, which resides in the outer membrane of their cell. Both types of bacteria produce LPS and it is the endotoxin responsible for making them dangerous.

The central portion of the molecule is comprised of leucine-based repeats. The CD14 coreceptor molecule identifies bacteria through binding to the lipopolysaccharide, which triggers the expression of bacterial enzymes. The immune system plays an important role for CD14+monocytes, which are specific to cells and tissues.

LPS-FITC adsorption EMNP (and CMNP) was evaluated. Both showed increased adsorption capability at high levels of LTA/LPS. Furthermore, both CMNP as well as EMNP demonstrated higher affinity for LTA. This is a reduction in LTA-related inflammation reactions in the immune system. Additionally both CMNP and EMNP were associated with increased expression of TLR2 within macrophages.

CD14 is an essential component of the innate immune response. The crystal structure of CD14 provides the basis for the wide range of ligands which can interact with this receptor. This is why CD14 is a possible candidate for further investigation in the field of middle ear infections. Because of its involvement in the immune system it is a biologically sound candidate for further research.

The bacterial lipopolysaccharides could be detected by using the co-receptor CD14 in blood samples that were taken at the time of the study's entry. The DNA was then tested for genotype using PCR and restriction enzyme digest using AvaII to determine the C159T CD14 polymorphism. Baldini and colleagues presented the two methods.