C-C motif chemokine 18 Antibodies

C-C motif chemokine 18 (CCL18)

Chemotactic factor that attracts lymphocytes but not monocytes or granulocytes. May be involved in B-cell migration to B-cell follicles in lymph nodes.

Attracts naive T-lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes, has chemotactic activity for naive T-cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and thus may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses. .

Gene Information

Human
Gene Name:	CCL18
Uniprot:	P55774
Entrez:	6362

Family

Belongs to:
intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family

Alternative Names

Alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine 1; AMAC-1; AMAC1CC chemokine ligand 18; AMAC-1Small-inducible cytokine A18; CCL18; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (pulmonary and activation-regulated); CKb7; DC-CK1; DC-CK1CC chemokine PARC; DCCK1Macrophage inflammatory protein 4; Dendritic cell chemokine 1; MIP4; MIP-4; MIP-4C-C motif chemokine 18; PARC; PARCPulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine; SCYA18chemokine (C-C), dendritic; small inducible cytokine A18; small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 18, pulmonary andactivation-regulated

Molecular Weight

Mass (kDA):
9.849 kDA

Genomic Context

Human
Location:	17q12
Sequence:	17; NC_000017.11 (36064272..36072032)

Tissue Specificity

Expressed at high levels in lung, lymph nodes, placenta, bone marrow, dendritic cells present in germinal centers and T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs and macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes. Not expressed by peripheral blood monocytes and a monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation is a prerequisite for expression. Expressed in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid and septic arthritis and in ovarian carcinoma ascitic fluid.

Subcellular Localizations

Secreted.

Diseases

• Inflammation
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Malignant Neoplasms
• Neoplasms
• Gaucher Disease
• Fibrosis
• Dermatitis, Atopic
• Dermatitis
• Pulmonary Fibrosis
• Lung Diseases
• Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Neoplasm Metastasis

• Sclerosis
• Tumor Angiogenesis
• Asthma
• Diffuse Scleroderma
• Carcinoma
• Dermatologic Disorders
• Cell Invasion

Interacting Proteins

• PITPNM3

Pathways

• Pathogenesis
• Immune Response
• Secretion
• Angiogenesis
• Chemotaxis
• Macrophage Activation
• Chemokine Production
• Inflammatory Response
• Cytokine Production
• Cell Activation
• Fibroblast Proliferation
• Transport
• Hypersensitivity

• Monocyte Differentiation
• Cell Adhesion
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Proliferation
• Aging
• Reverse Transcription
• Phagocytosis

PTMs

• Phosphorylation

• Cleavage

For details, visit:
bosterbio.com/bosterbio-gene-info-cards/CCL18

Best Uses Of The CCL18 Marker

CCL18 marker has many benefits. This article discusses the biological function of this marker and offers some background information about Steven Boster. This marker is an essential component of research into cancer. It also assists in determining the cause of cancer as well as the role of TNF-alpha. In addition, it provides information on its historical context. You can buy it from the Boster Bio website or directly from the manufacturer.

Benefits

The advantages of the CCL18 marker in patients suffering from COPD are numerous. It has been proven to be significantly higher in patients with this condition, and it is also associated with emphysema and inflammation, which can help in determining when to start immunosuppressive therapy. To determine the clinical utility and safety of CCL18, however validation studies have to be done independently. Continue reading to learn more.

One of the main advantages of the CCL18 marker is that it allows you to detect disease before it has begun. It can identify patients with cancer before they have progressed. It also aids in the early detection of ovarian cancer, which could lead to the possibility of a relapse. It is located in the lung and has numerous uses. It can be used to assess the effectiveness of the immune system or determine whether a person is at risk of developing cancer.

MPhs that respond to CCL18 are mostly Th2 cells, and those that respond to IL-4 can be described as MPh. Although they are both closely related however, the CCL18 response to CCL18 is distinct. CCL18 has an effect on Th2 lymphocytes as well as MPh. MPhs that are CCL18-responsive are not necessarily more likely to be active than those that have non-inflammatory responses.

Biological functions

Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 are known to trigger the production of the CCL18 marker in human cells. While CCL18 can affect Th2 lymphocytes it could be a contributing factor in the creation of the M2 MPh cell type. This is why CCL18 is an ideal biomarker for early detection of a disease. The biological functions of CCL18 are not completely understood.

In 62 PDAC patients, the expression of CCL18 is associated with lymph node metastasis. Pancreatic cancer cell lines expressed minimal or none CCL18 protein but did express receptors for CCL18. Additionally, recombinant human CCL18 facilitated the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, but did not influence their proliferation.

Human monocytes are similarly affected by the CCL18 marker. CCL18 stimulates MPh to make monocyte-specific CD14 that is absent in myeloid cells. M2 MPh also expresses M2 macrophage marker CD163. This type of cell also expresses HLA-DR, which is very abundant in M1 MPh. The M2 cell lineage has a high percentage of unspecific phagocytosis.

It isn't clear whether other cells are able to regulate the production of CCL18. However, a possible mechanism for the production of CCL18/PARC is not yet understood. It has been proposed that the CCL18/PARC marker inhibits tumor growth by preventing malignant cell growth. Tumor cells don't produce CCL18/PARC, yet higher levels of the molecule can be identified in the ascitic liquids of patients with ovarian cancer.

Applications

CCL18 is a major component of the lung and in the placenta. It is also found in the MPh of the alveolar region. These are frequently sites of non-pathogenic antigens. Recent studies have proven that the CCL18/PARC molecule chemoattracts naive monocytes, T cells, and neutrophils. The CCL18 marker could be a factor in peripheral tolerance.

CCL18 is a CC chemokine, also known as alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine, dendritic cell inflammatory protein, and macrophage inflammatory protein-4. The cDNA encodes an early protein comprised of 89 amino acid that does not contain glycosylation sites. CCL18 mRNA can be induced by Th2 and inhibited with IFN-gamma. Although it is abundantly expressed in monocyte-derived dendritic cells researchers aren't sure whether it is the main reason for the elevated expression of CCL18.

Some Gaucher patients might have elevated CCL18 levels as a surrogate sign of an illness. However, the extent of the increase in plasma CCL18 in these patients is significantly less than the level of Chitotriosidase. CCL18 plasma elevation is associated with other pathologies , so it is not recommended to use it as a surrogate indicator of Gaucher disease. The level of CCL18 is higher in patients who have more severe symptoms of the disease.

In this study, we employed CCL18/PARC from humans as an ELISA kit. The CCL18/PARC marker has been analyzed by comparing the secretion of CCL18 by PBMC from unstimulated and enterotoxin-induced PBMC. These cells showed high levels of CCL18/PARC, and double-positive CD1a. This study highlights the value of the CCL18/PARC antibody in humans.

The story of Steven Boster's past

Steve Boster, also known as "He who converts science into lavatory," earned a name for his biotechnologist skills and also a successful businessman. His company, Steven Boster Inc., was founded in 1993. From its humble beginnings as a tiny laboratory, it has since grown into one of China's largest catalog antibody manufacturers. Steven Boster, a late-90s businessman, also founded PicoKine(tm) his own exclusive ELISA platform. These innovative ELISA kits utilize proprietary trade secrets to make them extremely sensitive and precise.

Primary antibodies that have high affinity

A study in mice revealed that IgD functions are crucial to the transition between primary autoreactive reactions as well as secondary antigen-specific antibodies responses. Defects in IgD function can result in delay in the production of high-affinity protection IgM. Effective treatments for autoimmune diseases require high-affinity primary antibodies that utilize the CCL18 marker. This research is an important step towards the development of novel antibodies. It will allow physicians to discover new antigen-specific treatments for a variety of ailments.

The high-affinity primary antibodies using the CCL-18 marker have been found to be highly specific to human antigens. These antibodies were made from human blood plasma, which is a known antigen. These antibodies have been used in clinical studies, according to the authors. The study was reviewed by the Governmentsprasidium Tubingen license 1484. Further studies are needed to determine the antigen in concern.

Anti-CCL18 antibody was created by immunizing MDAMB-231 cells in serum-free medium with 20 ng/ml of rCCL18. The ProteoExtract Membrane Protein Extraction Kit (Calbiochem) was used to extract the membrane proteins from the cells. Incubated lysates were then added to protein A/G beads and antibody-coupled beads.

Gene infographics

We need to understand the different types of cells with this protein to understand its molecular function and molecular functions. Two types of genes are found in the human gene CCL18 that is microRNA and protein. Both types are involved in tissue repair and present in the heart. Additional Table 17 contains information about immune cells involved in this process.